Effect of Seeding Method and Pre-emergence Herbicides on Plant Growth and the Production of Sorghum × Sudangrass Hybrid

The following experiments were used to evaluate the effect of seeding method and pre-emergence herbicides on weed control and the production of the $sorghum{\times}sudangrass$ [sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] hybrid under field and in vitro conditions. Under the in vitro condition, we evaluated how different kinds of herbicides affect the rate of seed germination and the growth of early seedlings in the $sorghum{\times}sudangrass$ hybrid treated with herbicides. Simazine, alachlor, and methabenzthiazuron were used, and their concentration levels were 0%, 40%, 70%, and 100%. The germination ratio of the seeds was reduced by the application of simazine, methabenzthiazuron, and alachlor compared with the control (distilled water). The alachlor application severely decreased the sorghum germination ratio. However, seed germination was not greatly influenced by the concentration level of the herbicides. Root and shoot length were increased in the following order: control > simazine > methabenzthiazuron > alachlor. Overall, alachlor significantly reduced root length more than shoot length. The differential tolerance of the $sorghum{\times}sudangrass$ hybrid to pre-emergence herbicides by seeding method was then tested under the field condition. The plants were severely injured by the alachlor application, leading to a great reduction in the number of stems. However, for the simazine and methabenzthiazuron applications the number of stems lost was slightly lower than it was for the alachlor and simazine + alachlor applications. In the seeding method, drilling was more effective in reducing herbicide injury than broadcasting. All of the herbicides effectively controlled weeds. The simazine and methabenzthiazuron applications showed a significantly higher dry matter (DM) yield. However, the alachlor and simazine + alachlor applications severely reduced the DM yield. This result suggests that the alachlor application has a significant effect on plant production. Similarly, the total digestible nutrient (TDN) yield was greatly reduced by the alachlor and simazine + alachlor applications. From the results presented above, we concluded that the yield of DM was the highest for broadcasting with no herbicide. and drilling was the most-effective way to reduce herbicide injury. The simazine application was the most-effective herbicide, showing the highest forage yield and TDN yield.

파종 방법과 토양처리용 제초제 처리가 수수 × 수단그라스 교잡종의 생육 및 생산성에 미치는 영향

본 시험은 사료용 수수${\times}$수단그라스 교잡종의 파종방법 및 제초제 종류에 따른 약해 및 생산성을 비교하여 안전 재배기술을 개발하고자 국립축산과학원 초지사료과 시험포장에서 수행하였다. 제초제 종류별 수수${\times}$수단그라스 교잡종의 in vitro 조건에서 발아율 분석결과 control > simazine > methaventhiazuron > alachlor 순으로 나타났으며 alachlor 처리시 shoot의 길이는 1~1.3 cm 범위로 무처리 4.37 cm와 비교했을 때 약 1/4배 정도로 짧은 것으로 나타났으며 root는 발생되지 않은 것으로 보아 alachlor는 shoot 보다 root에 약해를 더 심하게 주는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 포장시험에서 제초제 종류에 따른 약해는 in vitro 시험과 마찬가지로 alachlor에서 가장 심하게 나타났으며 파종방법에서는 조파가 약해를 더 적게 받는 것으로 나타났다. 잔주수의 경우 alachlor와 simazine + alachlor에서 적었으며 제초제 처리시 파종방법에 따라 조파의 경우보다 산파에서 alachlor와 simazine + alachlor 처리에 따른 잔주수 감소가 더 크게 나타났다. 건물수량의 경우 제초제 종류별로 보면 조파의 경우 simazine과 methabenzthiazuron에서 각각 무처리 대비 101%와 99%의 수량을 보였고 alachlor와 simazine + alachlor에서는 각각 무처리 대비 32%와 56%였다. 산파의 경우 simazine과 methabenzthiazuron에서 각각 무처리 대비 89%와 84%의 수량을 보였고 alachlor와 simazine + alachlor에서는 각각 무처리 대비 13%와 29%로 나타났으며, alachlor 보다 simazine과 methabenzthiazuron이 건물수량 감소가 적었으며 제초제 처리시 산파보다 조파가 alachlor에 대한 약해를 덜 받는 것으로 나타났다. TDN 수량 역시 건물수량과 비슷한 경향을 보였으며 alachlor와 simazine + alachlor 모두에서 TDN 수량이 가장 낮게 나왔으며 제초제 처리시 산파보다는 조파의 경우가 제초제 시용에 따른 수량감소가 적은 것으로 나타났다.