The Analysis of Environmental Loads and Material Recycling of the Nutrients by the Livestock Wastewater Originating from Imported Feeds

The nearly 75% of animal feed materials used for livestock production are imported every year in Korea. Most of imported feed ingredients are concentrated feeds such as com, wheat, soybean, soybean meal, etc. and they are used as the source materials for the production of assorted feed. The imported concentrated feeds are high in nitrogen and phosphorus. Therefore, the consistent import of feed ingredients may cause an increase of nutrient deposit in our agricultural ecosystem. In the current review, it was discussed with the situation of the feed importation and its nutritional composition to evaluate the nutrient load by the imported feeds onto agricultural ecosystem. The nutrient load caused by imported feeds in agricultural environment was compared with the nutrient demand for crop production. The amounts of N, $P_2O_5\;and\;K_2O$ introduced by the imported fteds in Korea were 371, 140 and 143 Ktons. And, the N, $P_2O_5\;and\;K_2O$ loads excreted from imported feeds in livestock were 148, 84 and 86 Ktons of N, $P_2O_5\;and\;K_2O$ and These nutrient loads by the imported feeds are at the percentage of N 52%, $P_2O_5$ 52% and $K_2O$ 42% in the comparison of total nutrient amounts excreted from livestock animals in Korea. The 82.3% of nutrients excreted from livestock was recycled to crop land as compost and liquid fertilizer, and the others were discharged to river after water treatment processing or disposed to ocean. Also, passing through the recycling process far the production of compost and liquid fertilizer, the amount of nutrients was reduced by the ammonia vaporization of livestock feces and urine. Accordingly, N 81, $P_2O_5$ 74 and $K_2O$ 76 Ktons in the nutrients excreted from livestock were estimated to be utilized in the crop land. Consequently, it was estimated that 44, 48 and 69 Ktons of N, $P_2O_5\;and\;K_2O$ were taken up with crops in the consideration of the ratio of mineralization, and the amounts of leached or deposited N, $P_2O_5\;and\;K_2O$ in crop land were estimated to be 37, 27 and 7 Ktons, respectively. It is estimated that 12%, 34% and 48% of N, $P_2O_5\;and\;K_2O$ introduced by the imported feeds were used by crops, and 10%, 34% and 5% of N, $P_2O_5\;and\;K_2O$ were leached or deposited in agricultural ecosystem. Therefore, considering the leached and deposited amounts of N, $P_2O_5\;and\;K_2O$ originated from the imported feed ingredients, the consistent import of feeds may gradually increase the nutrient load onto agricultural ecosystem.

수입사료에 의한 가축분뇨 물질순환 및 환경부하 분석

본 연구는 수입사료가 우리나라 농업환경의 오염부하에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 2005년을 기준년도로 하여 수입사료 품목별 수입량 및 비료성분량, 수입사료로 인한 가축 사양단계에서 비료성분 발생량을 추산하고, 농경지 작물별 재배면적과 양분요구도 분석을 통해 수입사료로 인한 농경지의 오염부하도를 분석하였다. 수입사료를 통해 국내로 도입되는 비료성분량은 질소 371천톤, 인산 140천톤, 가리 143천톤, 주요 수입품목인 곡류 및 식물성 유박류에서 유래하는 비료성분 국내도입량은 성분별로 질소 93%, 인산 89%,가리 84%를 차지하였으며, 양돈급여를 기준으로 한, 수입사료 유래 가축분뇨 중 비료성분 함량은 질소 148천톤, 인산 84천톤, 가리 86천톤으로 수입사료를 통한 국내 양분 도입량의 52%, 인산 52%, 가리 42%의 비중을 차지하였다. 가축으로부터 배설되는 비료성분 중 퇴 액비화를 통한 자원화량은 질소 81천톤, 인산 74천톤, 가리 76천톤 이었으며, 퇴 액비로 투여된 비료성분의 무기 화율을 고려한 성분별 작물유효량은 질소 44천톤, 인산 48천톤, 가리 69천톤이었다. 또한 작물에 흡수 이용되지 못하고 토양에 축적되거나 지하수 등으로 용탈되는 비료성분은 질소 37천톤, 인산 27천톤, 가리 7천톤으로 추산되었다. 총수입가축사료로 도입되는 비료성분량 질소 371천톤, 인산 140천톤, 가리 143천톤과 비교할 때, 총비료성분 도입량 대비 농경지에서 작물에 흡수되는 비료성분량은 질소 12%, 인산 34%, 가리 48% 이었으며, 농경지에 축적 유출되는 비료성분량은 질소 10%, 인산 34%, 가리 5%로 가축분뇨 처리과정에서 대기 및 수계로의 유출량 등을 고려할 때 우리나라 환경 전반에 대한 오염부하 영향을 줄 우려가 있는 것으로 나타났다.