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http://dx.doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2016.17.5.715

Assessment of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability by Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI in Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model after Localized Brain Cooling in Rats  

Kim, Eun Soo (Department of Radiology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine)
Lee, Seung-Koo (Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine)
Kwon, Mi Jung (Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine)
Lee, Phil Hye (Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine)
Ju, Young-Su (Department of Industrial Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine)
Yoon, Dae Young (Department of Radiology, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine)
Kim, Hye Jeong (Department of Radiology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine)
Lee, Kwan Seop (Department of Radiology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Radiology / v.17, no.5, 2016 , pp. 715-724 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of localized brain cooling on blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in rats, by using dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI. Materials and Methods: Thirty rats were divided into 3 groups of 10 rats each: control group, localized cold-saline ($20^{\circ}C$) infusion group, and localized warm-saline ($37^{\circ}C$) infusion group. The left middle cerebral artery (MCA) was occluded for 1 hour in anesthetized rats, followed by 3 hours of reperfusion. In the localized saline infusion group, 6 mL of cold or warm saline was infused through the hollow filament for 10 minutes after MCA occlusion. DCE-MRI investigations were performed after 3 hours and 24 hours of reperfusion. Pharmacokinetic parameters of the extended Tofts-Kety model were calculated for each DCE-MRI. In addition, rotarod testing was performed before tMCAO, and on days 1-9 after tMCAO. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) immunohisto-chemistry was performed to identify infiltrating neutrophils associated with the inflammatory response in the rat brain. Results: Permeability parameters showed no statistical significance between cold and warm saline infusion groups after 3-hour reperfusion $0.09{\pm}0.01min^{-1}$ vs. $0.07{\pm}0.02min^{-1}$, p = 0.661 for $K^{trans}$; $0.30{\pm}0.05min^{-1}$ vs. $0.37{\pm}0.11min^{-1}$, p = 0.394 for kep, respectively. Behavioral testing revealed no significant difference among the three groups. However, the percentage of MPO-positive cells in the cold-saline group was significantly lower than those in the control and warm-saline groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Localized brain cooling ($20^{\circ}C$) does not confer a benefit to inhibit the increase in BBB permeability that follows transient cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in an animal model, as compared with localized warm-saline ($37^{\circ}C$) infusion group.
Keywords
Brain; Ischemia; Middle cerebral artery; Blood-brain barrier; Permeability; Dynamic contrast-enhanced-MRI; DCE-MRI;
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