Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2015.16.5.1119

Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistula: Imaging Features and Its Mimics  

Jeng, Ying (Department of Radiology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital)
Chen, David Yen-Ting (Department of Radiology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital)
Hsu, Hui-Ling (Department of Radiology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital)
Huang, Yen-Lin (Department of Radiology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital)
Chen, Chi-Jen (Department of Radiology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital)
Tseng, Ying-Chi (Department of Radiology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Radiology / v.16, no.5, 2015 , pp. 1119-1131 More about this Journal
Abstract
Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) is the most common spinal vascular malformation, however it is still rare and underdiagnosed. Magnetic resonance imaging findings such as spinal cord edema and dilated and tortuous perimedullary veins play a pivotal role in the confirmation of the diagnosis. However, spinal angiography remains the gold standard in the diagnosis of SDAVF. Classic angiographic findings of SDAVF are early filling of radicular veins, delayed venous return, and an extensive network of dilated perimedullary venous plexus. A series of angiograms of SDAVF at different locations along the spinal column, and mimics of serpentine perimedullary venous plexus on MR images, are demonstrated. Thorough knowledge of SDAVF aids correct diagnosis and prevents irreversible complications.
Keywords
Central nervous system vascular malformations; Spinal cord diseases; Spine;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Aminoff MJ, Logue V. The prognosis of patients with spinal vascular malformations. Brain 1974;97:211-218   DOI
2 Jellema K, Canta LR, Tijssen CC, van Rooij WJ, Koudstaal PJ, van Gijn J. Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical features in 80 patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003;74:1438-1440   DOI
3 Koch C. Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula. Curr Opin Neurol 2006;19:69-75   DOI
4 Van Dijk JM, TerBrugge KG, Willinsky RA, Farb RI, Wallace MC. Multidisciplinary management of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical presentation and long-term follow-up in 49 patients. Stroke 2002;33:1578-1583   DOI
5 Krings T, Geibprasert S. Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2009;30:639-648   DOI
6 Khurana VG, Perez-Terzic CM, Petersen RC, Krauss WE. Singing paraplegia: a distinctive manifestation of a spinal dural arteriovenous fistula. Neurology 2002;58:1279-1281   DOI
7 Koch C, Gottschalk S, Giese A. Dural arteriovenous fistula of the lumbar spine presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Case report and review of the literature. J Neurosurg 2004;100(4 Suppl Spine):385-391   DOI
8 Kim DJ, Willinsky R, Geibprasert S, Krings T, Wallace C, Gentili F, et al. Angiographic characteristics and treatment of cervical spinal dural arteriovenous shunts. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010;31:1512-1515   DOI
9 Kinouchi H, Mizoi K, Takahashi A, Nagamine Y, Koshu K, Yoshimoto T. Dural arteriovenous shunts at the craniocervical junction. J Neurosurg 1998;89:755-761   DOI
10 Do HM, Jensen ME, Cloft HJ, Kallmes DF, Dion JE. Dural arteriovenous fistula of the cervical spine presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1999;20:348-350
11 Hashimoto H, Iida J, Shin Y, Hironaka Y, Sakaki T. Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula with perimesencephalic subarachnoid haemorrhage. J Clin Neurosci 2000;7:64-66   DOI
12 Rosenblum B, Oldfield EH, Doppman JL, Di Chiro G. Spinal arteriovenous malformations: a comparison of dural arteriovenous fistulas and intradural AVM’s in 81 patients. J Neurosurg 1987;67:795-802   DOI
13 Kim MS, Han DH, Han MH, Oh CW. Posterior fossa hemorrhage caused by dural arteriovenous fistula: case reports. Surg Neurol 2003;59:512-516; discussion 516-517   DOI
14 Narvid J, Hetts SW, Larsen D, Neuhaus J, Singh TP, McSwain H, et al. Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae: clinical features and long-term results. Neurosurgery 2008;62:159-166; discussion 166-167   DOI
15 Atkinson JL, Miller GM, Krauss WE, Marsh WR, Piepgras DG, Atkinson PP, et al. Clinical and radiographic features of dural arteriovenous fistula, a treatable cause of myelopathy. Mayo Clin Proc 2001;76:1120-1130   DOI
16 Berenstein A, Lasjaunias P, ter Brugge KG. Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae. In: Berenstein A, Lasjaunias P, ter Brugge KG, eds. Surgical neuroangiography. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer, 2004:849-872
17 Symon L, Kuyama H, Kendall B. Dural arteriovenous malformations of the spine. Clinical features and surgical results in 55 cases. J Neurosurg 1984;60:238-247   DOI
18 Jellema K, Tijssen CC, van Gijn J. Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: a congestive myelopathy that initially mimics a peripheral nerve disorder. Brain 2006;129(Pt 12):3150-3164   DOI
19 Kataoka H, Miyamoto S, Nagata I, Ueba T, Hashimoto N. Venous congestion is a major cause of neurological deterioration in spinal arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery 2001;48:1224-1229; discussion 1229-1230
20 Hurst RW, Kenyon LC, Lavi E, Raps EC, Marcotte P. Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: the pathology of venous hypertensive myelopathy. Neurology 1995;45:1309-1313   DOI
21 Anson JA, Spetzler RF. Endarterectomy of the intradural vertebral artery via the far lateral approach. Neurosurgery 1993;33:804-810; discussion 810-811   DOI
22 Koenig E, Thron A, Schrader V, Dichgans J. Spinal arteriovenous malformations and fistulae: clinical, neuroradiological and neurophysiological findings. J Neurol 1989;236:260-266   DOI
23 Tadié M, Hemet J, Freger P, Clavier E, Creissard P. Morphological and functional anatomy of spinal cord veins. J Neuroradiol 1985;12:3-20
24 Moss JG, Sellar RJ, Hadley DM. Intracerebral and spinal vascular malformation in a patient without hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. Neuroradiology 1989;31:280-281   DOI
25 Vasdev A, Lefournier V, Bessou P, Dematteis M, Crouzet G. [Intracranial dural fistula with spinal cord venous drainage. Apropos of 2 cases]. J Neuroradiol 1994;21:134-154
26 Asakawa H, Yanaka K, Fujita K, Marushima A, Anno I, Nose T. Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula showing diffuse MR enhancement of the spinal cord: case report and review of the literature. Surg Neurol 2002;58:251-257   DOI
27 Sato K, Terbrugge KG, Krings T. Asymptomatic spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: pathomechanical considerations. J Neurosurg Spine 2012;16:441-446   DOI
28 Kim DJ, terBrugge K, Krings T, Willinsky R, Wallace C. Spontaneous angiographic conversion of intracranial dural arteriovenous shunt: long-term follow-up in nontreated patients. Stroke 2010;41:1489-1494   DOI
29 Gilbertson JR, Miller GM, Goldman MS, Marsh WR. Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: MR and myelographic findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1995;16:2049-2057
30 Chen CJ, Ro LS, Cheng WC, Chen ST. MRI/myelographic localization of fistulous tract in spinal dural arteriovenous malformations prior to arteriography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1995;19:893-896   DOI
31 Lai PH, Weng MJ, Lee KW, Pan HB. Multidetector CT angiography in diagnosing type I and type IVA spinal vascular malformations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2006;27:813-817
32 Bowen BC, Fraser K, Kochan JP, Pattany PM, Green BA, Quencer RM. Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: evaluation with MR angiography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1995;16:2029-2043
33 Jones BV, Ernst RJ, Tomsick TA, Tew J Jr. Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: recognizing the spectrum of magnetic resonance imaging findings. J Spinal Cord Med 1997;20:43-48   DOI
34 Hurst RW, Grossman RI. Peripheral spinal cord hypointensity on T2-weighted MR images: a reliable imaging sign of venous hypertensive myelopathy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2000;21:781-786
35 Luetmer PH, Lane JI, Gilbertson JR, Bernstein MA, Huston J 3rd, Atkinson JL. Preangiographic evaluation of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas with elliptic centric contrast-enhanced MR Angiography and effect on radiation dose and volume of iodinated contrast material. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2005;26:711-718
36 Saraf-Lavi E, Bowen BC, Quencer RM, Sklar EM, Holz A, Falcone S, et al. Detection of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae with MR imaging and contrast-enhanced MR angiography: sensitivity, specificity, and prediction of vertebral level. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2002;23:858-867
37 Lisanti C, Carlin C, Banks KP, Wang D. Normal MRI appearance and motion-related phenomena of CSF. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007;188:716-725   DOI
38 Macht S, Chapot R, Bieniek F, Hänggi D, Turowski B. Unique sacral location of an arteriovenous fistula of the filum terminale associated with diastematomyelia and lowered spinal cords. Neuroradiology 2012;54:517-519   DOI
39 Grandin C, Duprez T, Stroobandt G, Laterre EC, Mathurin P. Spinal dural arterio-venous fistula: an underdiagnosed disease? Acta Neurol Belg 1997;97:17-21
40 Holly LT, Batzdorf U. Slitlike syrinx cavities: a persistent central canal. J Neurosurg 2002;97(2 Suppl):161-165   DOI
41 Meder JF, Devaux B, Merland JJ, Frédy D. Spontaneous disappearance of a spinal dural arteriovenous fistula. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1995;16:2058-2062
42 Warakaulle DR, Aviv RI, Niemann D, Molyneux AJ, Byrne JV, Teddy P. Embolisation of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae with Onyx. Neuroradiology 2003;45:110-112   DOI
43 McCutcheon IE, Doppman JL, Oldfield EH. Microvascular anatomy of dural arteriovenous abnormalities of the spine: a microangiographic study. J Neurosurg 1996;84:215-220   DOI
44 Hall WA, Oldfield EH, Doppman JL. Recanalization of spinal arteriovenous malformations following embolization. J Neurosurg 1989;70:714-720   DOI
45 Niimi Y, Berenstein A, Setton A, Neophytides A. Embolization of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae: results and follow-up. Neurosurgery 1997;40:675-682; discussion 682-683   DOI
46 Carlson AP, Taylor CL, Yonas H. Treatment of dural arteriovenous fistula using ethylene vinyl alcohol (onyx) arterial embolization as the primary modality: short-term results. J Neurosurg 2007;107:1120-1125   DOI
47 Westphal M, Koch C. Management of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae using an interdisciplinary neuroradiological/neurosurgical approach: experience with 47 cases. Neurosurgery 1999;45:451-457; discussion 457-458   DOI
48 Nichols DA, Rufenacht DA, Jack CR Jr, Forbes GS. Embolization of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula with polyvinyl alcohol particles: experience in 14 patients. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1992;13:933-940
49 Su IC, terBrugge KG, Willinsky RA, Krings T. Factors determining the success of endovascular treatments among patients with spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas. Neuroradiology 2013;55:1389-1395   DOI
50 Cekirge HS, Saatci I, Ozturk MH, Cil B, Arat A, Mawad M, et al. Late angiographic and clinical follow-up results of 100 consecutive aneurysms treated with Onyx reconstruction: largest single-center experience. Neuroradiology 2006;48:113-126   DOI
51 Adamczyk P, Amar AP, Mack WJ, Larsen DW. Recurrence of “cured” dural arteriovenous fistulas after Onyx embolization. Neurosurg Focus 2012;32:E12
52 Nogueira RG, Dabus G, Rabinov JD, Ogilvy CS, Hirsch JA, Pryor JC. Onyx embolization for the treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae: initial experience with long-term follow-up. Technical case report. Neurosurgery 2009;64:E197-E198; discussion E198   DOI
53 Huffmann BC, Gilsbach JM, Thron A. Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: a plea for neurosurgical treatment. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1995;135:44-51   DOI
54 Cenzato M, Versari P, Righi C, Simionato F, Casali C, Giovanelli M. Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae: analysis of outcome in relation to pretreatment indicators. Neurosurgery 2004;55:815-822; discussion 822-823   DOI
55 Afshar JK, Doppman JL, Oldfield EH. Surgical interruption of intradural draining vein as curative treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas. J Neurosurg 1995;82:196-200   DOI
56 Steinmetz MP, Chow MM, Krishnaney AA, Andrews-Hinders D, Benzel EC, Masaryk TJ, et al. Outcome after the treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae: a contemporary single-institution series and meta-analysis. Neurosurgery 2004;55:77-87; discussion 87-88   DOI
57 Eskandar EN, Borges LF, Budzik RF Jr, Putman CM, Ogilvy CS. Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: experience with endovascular and surgical therapy. J Neurosurg 2002;96(2 Suppl):162-167   DOI
58 Jellema K, Tijssen CC, van Rooij WJ, Sluzewski M, Koudstaal PJ, Algra A, et al. Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: long-term follow-up of 44 treated patients. Neurology 2004;62:1839-1841   DOI
59 Lundqvist C, Berthelsen B, Sullivan M, Svendsen P, Andersen O. Spinal arteriovenous malformations: neurological aspects and results of embolization. Acta Neurol Scand 1990;82:51-58   DOI
60 Song JK, Vinuela F, Gobin YP, Duckwiler GR, Murayama Y, Kureshi I, et al. Surgical and endovascular treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: long-term disability assessment and prognostic factors. J Neurosurg 2001;94(2 Suppl):199-204
61 Chen CJ, Chen CM, Lin TK. Enhanced cervical MRI in identifying intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae with spinal perimedullary venous drainage. Neuroradiology 1998;40:393-397   DOI
62 Guillevin R, Vallee JN, Cormier E, Lo D, Dormont D, Chiras J. N-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate embolization of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae: CT evaluation, technical features, and outcome prognosis in 26 cases. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2005;26:929-935
63 Mascalchi M, Ferrito G, Quilici N, Mangiafico S, Cosottini M, Cellerini M, et al. Spinal vascular malformations: MR angiography after treatment. Radiology 2001;219:346-353   DOI
64 Willinsky RA, terBrugge K, Montanera W, Mikulis D, Wallace MC. Posttreatment MR findings in spinal dural arteriovenous malformations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1995;16:2063-2071
65 Chen CJ, Hsu HL. Engorged and tortuous intradural filum terminale vein as a sign of a sacral dural arteriovenous malformation. Eur J Radiol 2002;44:152-155   DOI