Posterior Nutcracker Syndrome Associated with Interrupted Left Inferior Vena Cava with Azygos Continuation and Retroaortic Right Renal Vein
![]() ![]() |
Luo, Xiao-Li
(Department of Ultrasonography, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University)
Qian, Gen-Nian (Department of Radiology, Fuzhou General Hospital) Xiao, Hui (Department of Radiology, Fuzhou General Hospital) Zhao, Chun-Lei (Department of Radiology, Fuzhou General Hospital) Zhou, Xiao-Dong (Department of Ultrasonography, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University) |
1 | de Schepper A. ["Nutcracker" phenomenon of the renal vein and venous pathology of the left kidney]. J Belge Radiol 1972;55:507-511 |
2 | Beinart C, Sniderman KW, Saddekni S, Weiner M, Vaughan ED Jr, Sos TA. Left renal vein hypertension: a cause of occult hematuria. Radiology 1982;145:647-650 DOI |
3 | Hartung O, Barthelemy P, Berdah SV, Alimi YS. Laparoscopyassisted left ovarian vein transposition to treat one case of posterior nutcracker syndrome. Ann Vasc Surg 2009;23:413. e13-e16 |
4 | Fitoz S, Yalcinkaya F. Compression of left inferior vena cava: a form of nutcracker syndrome. J Clin Ultrasound 2008;36:101- 104 DOI ScienceOn |
5 | Ulusan S, Koc Z. Left inferior vena cava associated with nutcracker phenomenon. Firat Tip Dergisi 2007;12:151-153 |
6 | Gupta A, Naik N, Gulati GS. Mesoaortic entrapment of a left inferior vena cava. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2010;20:63-65 DOI ScienceOn |
7 | Bass JE, Redwine MD, Kramer LA, Huynh PT, Harris JH Jr. Spectrum of congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava: cross-sectional imaging findings. Radiographics 2000;20:639- 652 DOI |
8 | Wong HI, Chen MC, Wu CS, Fu KA, Lin CH, Weng MJ, et al. The usefulness of fast-spin-echo T2-weighted MR imaging in Nutcracker syndrome: a case report. Korean J Radiol 2010;11:373-377 DOI ScienceOn |
9 | Kim SH, Cho SW, Kim HD, Chung JW, Park JH, Han MC. Nutcracker syndrome: diagnosis with Doppler US. Radiology 1996;198:93-97 DOI |
10 | Pollock C, Liu PL, Györy AZ, Grigg R, Gallery ED, Caterson R, et al. Dysmorphism of urinary red blood cells--value in diagnosis. Kidney Int 1989;36:1045-1049 DOI ScienceOn |
![]() |