Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2011.12.4.403

Consensus Report of the 4th International Forum for Gadolinium-Ethoxybenzyl-Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetic Acid Magnetic Resonance Imaging  

Lee, Jeong-Min (Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine)
Zech, Christoph J. (Institute of Clinical Radiology, University Hospitals Munich)
Bolondi, Luigi (Department of Digestive Diseases and Internal Medicine, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital)
Jonas, Eduard (Division of Surgery, Karolinska Institute Danderyds Sjukhus)
Kim, Myeong-Jin (Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine)
Matsui, Osamu (Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Medical Science)
Merkle, Elmar M. (Department of Radiology and Head of MRI, Duke University)
Sakamoto, Michiie (Departmentof Pathology Graduate School of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine)
Choi, Byung-Ihn (Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Radiology / v.12, no.4, 2011 , pp. 403-415 More about this Journal
Abstract
This paper reports on issues relating to the optimal use of gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid magnetic resonance imaging (Gd-EOB-DTPA MR imaging) together with the generation of consensus statements from a working group meeting, which was held in Seoul, Korea (2010). Gd-EOB-DTPA has been shown to improve the detection and characterization of liver lesions, and the information provided by the hepatobiliary phase is proving particularly useful in differential diagnoses and in the characterization of small lesions (around 1-1.5 cm). Discussion also focused on advances in the role of organic anion-transporting polypeptide 8 (OATP8) transporters. Gd-EOB-DTPA is also emerging as a promising tool for functional analysis, enabling the calculation of post-surgical liver function in the remaining segments. Updates to current algorithms were also discussed.
Keywords
Gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid magnetic resonance imaging; Hepatocellular carcinomas; Organic anion-transporting polypeptide 8; Cirrhotic liver; Incidental liver lesions;
Citations & Related Records

Times Cited By Web Of Science : 2  (Related Records In Web of Science)
Times Cited By SCOPUS : 4
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Liver Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide in 2008 Summary. Available at: http://globocan.iarc.fr/factsheets/cancers/liver.asp. Last accessed December 13, 2010
2 Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P. Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin 2005;55:74-108   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Reimer P, Schneider G, Schima W. Hepatobiliary contrast agents for contrast-enhanced MRI of the liver: properties, clinical development and applications. Eur Radiol 2004;14:559-578   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Rohrer M, Bauer H, Mintorovitch J, Requardt M, Weinmann HJ. Comparison of magnetic properties of MRI contrast media solutions at different magnetic field strengths. Invest Radiol 2005;40:715-724   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Shuter B, Tofts PS, Wang SC, Pope JM. The relaxivity of Gd-EOB-DTPA and Gd-DTPA in liver and kidney of the Wistar rat. Magn Reson Imaging 1996;14:243-253   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Vander Elst L, Maton F, Laurent S, Seghi F, Chapelle F, Muller RN. A multinuclear MR study of Gd-EOB-DTPA: comprehensive preclinical characterization of an organ specific MRI contrast agent. Magn Reson Med 1997;38:604-614   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Kitao A, Zen Y, Matsui O, Gabata T, Kobayashi S, Koda W, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: signal intensity at gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR Imaging--correlation with molecular transporters and histopathologic features. Radiology 2010;256:817-826   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Narita M, Hatano E, Arizono S, Miyagawa-Hayashino A, Isoda H, Kitamura K, et al. Expression of OATP1B3 determines uptake of Gd-EOB-DTPA in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol 2009;44:793-798   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Bartolozzi C, Crocetti L, Lencioni R, Cioni D, Della Pina C, Campani D. Biliary and reticuloendothelial impairment in hepatocarcinogenesis: the diagnostic role of tissue-specific MR contrast media. Eur Radiol 2007;17:2519-2530   DOI   ScienceOn
10 International Consensus Group for Hepatocellular NeoplasiaThe International Consensus Group for Hepatocellular Neoplasia. Pathologic diagnosis of early hepatocellular carcinoma: a report of the international consensus group for hepatocellular neoplasia. Hepatology 2009;49:658-664   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Kojiro M, Nakashima O. Histopathologic evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma with special reference to small early stage tumors. Semin Liver Dis 1999;19:287-296   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Takayama T, Makuuchi M, Hirohashi S, Sakamoto M, Yamamoto J, Shimada K, et al. Early hepatocellular carcinoma as an entity with a high rate of surgical cure. Hepatology 1998;28:1241-1246   DOI
13 Sakamoto M, Effendi K, Masugi Y. Molecular diagnosis of multistage hepatocarcinogenesis. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2010;40:891-896   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Oikawa T, Ojima H, Yamasaki S, Takayama T, Hirohashi S, Sakamoto M. Multistep and multicentric development of hepatocellular carcinoma: histological analysis of 980 resected nodules. J Hepatol 2005;42:225-229
15 Sakamoto M, Hirohashi S, Shimosato Y. Early stages of multistep hepatocarcinogenesis: adenomatous hyperplasia and early hepatocellular carcinoma. Hum Pathol 1991;22:172-178   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Sakamoto M, Hirohashi S. Natural history and prognosis of adenomatous hyperplasia and early hepatocellular carcinoma: multi-institutional analysis of 53 nodules followed up for more than 6 months and 141 patients with single early hepatocellular carcinoma treated by surgical resection or percutaneous ethanol injection. Jpn J Clin Oncol 1998;28:604-608   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Kudo M. The 2008 Okuda lecture: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: from surveillance to molecular targeted therapy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;25:439-452   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Kim RB. Organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) transporter family and drug disposition. Eur J Clin Invest 2003;33 Suppl 2:1-5
19 Konig J, Cui Y, Nies AT, Keppler D. Localization and genomic organization of a new hepatocellular organic anion transporting polypeptide. J Biol Chem 2000;275:23161-23168   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Vavricka SR, Jung D, Fried M, Grutzner U, Meier PJ, Kullak-Ublick GA. The human organic anion transporting polypeptide 8 (SLCO1B3) gene is transcriptionally repressed by hepatocyte nuclear factor 3beta in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2004;40:212-218   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Tsuda N, Matsui O. Cirrhotic rat liver: reference to transporter activity and morphologic changes in bile canaliculi--gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 2010;256:767-773   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Sangiovanni A, Manini MA, Iavarone M, Romeo R, Forzenigo LV, Fraquelli M, et al. The diagnostic and economic impact of contrast imaging techniques in the diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis. Gut 2010;59:638-644   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Bruix J, Sherman M. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2005;42:1208-1236   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Bruix J, Sherman M. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: an update. Hepatology 2011;53:1020-1022   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Hepatocellular Carcinoma - The Japan Society of Hepatology 2009 update. Hepatol Res 2010;40 Suppl 1:2-144   DOI
26 El-Serag HB, Marrero JA, Rudolph L, Reddy KR. Diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2008;134:1752-1763   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Lee JM, Kim SJ, Kim SH, Kim KW, Lee JY, Han JK, et al. Enhancement patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging in the cirrhotic liver: comparison with multiphasic liver CT. RSNA 2009 Abstract no. SSA07-07
28 Ahn SS, Kim MJ, Lim JS, Hong HS, Chung YE, Choi JY. Added value of gadoxetic acid-enhanced hepatobiliary phase MR imaging in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Radiology 2010;255:459-466   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Di Martino M, Marin D, Guerrisi A, Baski M, Galati F, Rossi M, et al. Intraindividual comparison of gadoxetate disodiumenhanced MR imaging and 64-section multidetector CT in the Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis. Radiology 2010;256:806-816   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Ichikawa T, Saito K, Yoshioka N, Tanimoto A, Gokan T, Takehara Y, et al. Detection and characterization of focal liver lesions: a Japanese phase III, multicenter comparison between gadoxetic acid disodium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and contrast-enhanced computed tomography predominantly in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic liver disease. Invest Radiol 2010;45:133-141   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Marin D, Di Martino M, Guerrisi A, De Filippis G, Rossi M, Ginanni Corradini S, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis: qualitative comparison of gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MR imaging and multiphasic 64-section CT. Radiology 2009;251:85-95   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Sun HY, Lee JM, Shin CI, Lee DH, Moon SK, Kim KW, et al. Gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for differentiating small hepatocellular carcinomas (< or = 2 cm in diameter) from arterial enhancing pseudolesions: special emphasis on hepatobiliary phase imaging. Invest Radiol 2010;45:96-103   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Motosugi U, Ichikawa T, Sou H, Sano K, Tominaga L, Muhi A, et al. Distinguishing hypervascular pseudolesions of the liver from hypervascular hepatocellular carcinomas with gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 2010;256:151-158   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Tajima T, Honda H, Taguchi K, Asayama Y, Kuroiwa T, Yoshimitsu K, et al. Sequential hemodynamic change in hepatocellular carcinoma and dysplastic nodules: CT angiography and pathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002;178:885-897   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Kogita S, Imai Y, Okada M, Kim T, Onishi H, Takamura M, et al. Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance images of hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation with histological grading and portal blood flow. Eur Radiol 2010;20:2405-2413   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Boutros C, Katz SC, Espat NJ. Management of an incidental liver mass. Surg Clin North Am 2010;90:699-718   DOI   ScienceOn
37 Marin D, Furlan A, Federle MP, Midiri M, Brancatelli G. Imaging approach for evaluation of focal liver lesions. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;7:624-634   DOI   ScienceOn
38 Chamberlain RS, Jarnagin WR, DeCorato D. Incidentally discovered hepatic lesions. In: Steele GD, Phillips TL, Chabner BA, eds. Hepatobiliary Cancer. Hamilton, London: American Cancer Society Atlas of Clinical Oncology, 2001:31-42
39 Zech CJ, Grazioli L, Jonas E, Ekman M, Niebecker R, Gschwend S, et al. Health-economic evaluation of three imaging strategies in patients with suspected colorectal liver metastases: Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI vs. extracellular contrast media-enhanced MRI and 3-phase MDCT in Germany, Italy and Sweden. Eur Radiol 2009;19 Suppl 3:S753-763   DOI
40 Assy N, Nasser G, Djibre A, Beniashvili Z, Elias S, Zidan J. Characteristics of common solid liver lesions and recommendations for diagnostic workup. World J Gastroenterol 2009;15:3217-3227   DOI   ScienceOn
41 Soussan M, Aube C, Bahrami S, Boursier J, Valla DC, Vilgrain V. Incidental focal solid liver lesions: diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and MR imaging. Eur Radiol 2010;20:1715-1725   DOI   ScienceOn
42 Little JM, Richardson A, Tait N. Hepatic dystychoma: a five year experience. HPB Surg 1991;4:291-297   DOI   ScienceOn
43 Zech CJ, Grazioli L, Breuer J, Reiser MF, Schoenberg SO. Diagnostic performance and description of morphological features of focal nodular hyperplasia in Gd-EOB-DTPAenhanced liver magnetic resonance imaging: results of a multicenter trial. Invest Radiol 2008;43:504-511   DOI   ScienceOn
44 Kamaya A, Maturen KE, Tye GA, Liu YI, Parti NN, Desser TS. Hypervascular liver lesions. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2009;30:387-407   DOI   ScienceOn
45 Allaire GS, Rabin L, Ishak KG, Sesterhenn IA. Bile duct adenoma. A study of 152 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1988;12:708-715   DOI   ScienceOn
46 Bhathal PS, Hughes NR, Goodman ZD. The so-called bile duct adenoma is a peribiliary gland hamartoma. Am J Surg Pathol 1996;20:858-864   DOI   ScienceOn
47 Tajima T, Honda H, Kuroiwa T, Yoshimitsu K, Irie H, Aibe H, et al. Radiologic features of intrahepatic bile duct adenoma: a look at the surface of the liver. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1999;23:690-695   DOI   ScienceOn
48 Lordan JT, Karanjia ND, Quiney N, Fawcett WJ, Worthington TR. A 10-year study of outcome following hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases - The effect of evaluation in a multidisciplinary team setting. Eur J Surg Oncol 2009;35:302-306   DOI   ScienceOn
49 Pawlik TM, Choti MA. Surgical therapy for colorectal metastases to the liver. J Gastrointest Surg 2007;11:1057-1077   DOI   ScienceOn
50 Nordlinger B, Van Cutsem E, Rougier P, Kohne CH, Ychou M, Sobrero A, et al. Does chemotherapy prior to liver resection increase the potential for cure in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer? A report from the European Colorectal Metastases Treatment Group. Eur J Cancer 2007;43:2037-2045   DOI   ScienceOn
51 Ahmad A, Chen SL, Bilchik AJ. Role of repeated hepatectomy in the multimodal treatment of hepatic colorectal metastases. Arch Surg 2007;142:526-531; discussion 531-522   DOI   ScienceOn
52 Kornprat P, Jarnagin WR, Gonen M, DeMatteo RP, Fong Y, Blumgart LH, et al. Outcome after hepatectomy for multiple (four or more) colorectal metastases in the era of effective chemotherapy. Ann Surg Oncol 2007;14:1151-1160   DOI   ScienceOn
53 Kinkel K, Lu Y, Both M, Warren RS, Thoeni RF. Detection of hepatic metastases from cancers of the gastrointestinal tract by using noninvasive imaging methods (US, CT, MR imaging, PET): a meta-analysis. Radiology 2002;224:748-756   DOI   ScienceOn
54 Bipat S, van Leeuwen MS, Comans EF, Pijl ME, Bossuyt PM, Zwinderman AH, et al. Colorectal liver metastases: CT, MR imaging, and PET for diagnosis--meta-analysis. Radiology 2005;237:123-131   DOI   ScienceOn
55 Marcos A, Ham JM, Fisher RA, Olzinski AT, Posner MP. Surgical management of anatomical variations of the right lobe in living donor liver transplantation. Ann Surg 2000;231:824-831   DOI   ScienceOn
56 Catalano OA, Singh AH, Uppot RN, Hahn PF, Ferrone CR, Sahani DV. Vascular and biliary variants in the liver: implications for liver surgery. Radiographics 2008;28:359-378   DOI   ScienceOn
57 Kawarada Y, Das BC, Taoka H. Anatomy of the hepatic hilar area: the plate system. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2000;7:580-586   DOI   ScienceOn
58 Uchida K, Taniguchi M, Shimamura T, Suzuki T, Yamashita K, Ota M, et al. Three-dimensional computed tomography scan analysis of hepatic vasculatures in the donor liver for living donor liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2010;16:1062-1068   DOI   ScienceOn
59 Scatton O, Plasse M, Dondero F, Vilgrain V, Sauvanet A, Belghiti J. Impact of localized congestion related to venous deprivation after hepatectomy. Surgery 2008;143:483-489   DOI   ScienceOn
60 Radtke A, Sotiropoulos GC, Sgourakis G, Molmenti EP, Schroeder T, Saner FH, et al. Hepatic venous drainage: how much can we learn from imaging studies? Anatomic-functional classification derived from three-dimensional computed tomography reconstructions. Transplantation 2010;89:1518-1525   DOI   ScienceOn
61 Belghiti J, Hiramatsu K, Benoist S, Massault P, Sauvanet A, Farges O. Seven hundred forty-seven hepatectomies in the 1990s: an update to evaluate the actual risk of liver resection. J Am Coll Surg 2000;191:38-46   DOI   ScienceOn
62 Jarnagin WR, Gonen M, Fong Y, DeMatteo RP, Ben-Porat L, Little S, et al. Improvement in perioperative outcome after hepatic resection: analysis of 1,803 consecutive cases over the past decade. Ann Surg 2002;236:397-406; discussion 406-397   DOI   ScienceOn
63 Clavien PA, Oberkofler CE, Raptis DA, Lehmann K, Rickenbacher A, El-Badry AM. What is critical for liver surgery and partial liver transplantation: size or quality? Hepatology 2010;52:715-729   DOI   ScienceOn
64 Fotbolcu H, Yakar T, Duman D, Karaahmet T, Tigen K, Cevik C, et al. Impairment of the left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Cardiol J 2010;17:457-463
65 Gazzaniga GM, Cappato S, Belli FE, Bagarolo C, Filauro M. Assessment of hepatic reserve for the indication of hepatic resection: how I do it. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2005;12:27-30   DOI   ScienceOn
66 Morris-Stiff G, Gomez D, Prasad R. Quantitative assessment of hepatic function and its relevance to the liver surgeon. J Gastrointest Surg 2009;13:374-385   DOI   ScienceOn
67 Jonas E, Hultcrantz R, Slezak P, Blomqvist L, Schnell PO, Jacobsson H. Dynamic 99Tcm-HIDA SPET: non-invasive measuring of intrahepatic bile flow. Description of the method and a study in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Nucl Med Commun 2001;22:127-134   DOI   ScienceOn
68 Harbin WP, Robert NJ, Ferrucci JT Jr. Diagnosis of cirrhosis based on regional changes in hepatic morphology: a radiological and pathological analysis. Radiology 1980;135:273-283   DOI
69 Garcia JE, Atkins F. A low right-to-left hepatic lobe ratio. Is streamlining of ethanol to the right lobe of the liver the cause? Clin Nucl Med 1985;10:807-809   DOI
70 Merriman RB, Ferrell LD, Patti MG, Weston SR, Pabst MS, Aouizerat BE, et al. Correlation of paired liver biopsies in morbidly obese patients with suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2006;44:874-880   DOI   ScienceOn
71 Nilsson H, Nordell A, Vargas R, Douglas L, Jonas E, Blomqvist L. Assessment of hepatic extraction fraction and input relative blood flow using dynamic hepatocyte-specific contrastenhanced MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2009;29:1323-1331   DOI   ScienceOn
72 Jacobsson H, Jonas E, Hellstrom PM, Larsson SA. Different concentrations of various radiopharmaceuticals in the two main liver lobes: a preliminary study in clinical patients. J Gastroenterol 2005;40:733-738   DOI   ScienceOn
73 Nilsson H, Blomqvist L, Douglas L, Nordell A, Jonas E. Assessment of liver function in primary biliary cirrhosis using Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced liver MRI. HPB (Oxford) 2010;12:567-576   DOI   ScienceOn