Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43236-022-00488-w

Control stability of inverters with series-compensated transmission lines: analysis and improvement  

Zhang, Qianjin (School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Anhui University of Technology)
Qian, Jinhui (School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Anhui University of Technology)
Zhai, Zhaorong (School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Anhui University of Technology)
Liu, Xiaodong (School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Anhui University of Technology)
Liu, Sucheng (School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Anhui University of Technology)
Fang, Wei (School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Anhui University of Technology)
Liu, Hongbo (Qingdao Power Supply Company, Shandong Electric Power Company of State Grid)
Abusara, Mohammad (Renewable Energy Multidisciplinary Group, University of Exeter)
Publication Information
Journal of Power Electronics / v.22, no.10, 2022 , pp. 1746-1757 More about this Journal
Abstract
With the rapid development of renewable energy, large amounts of power need to be transmitted to load centers, and series-capacitor compensation (SCC) plays an important role in renewable power transmission. However, it has been pointed out that SCC interacts with inverters and threatens system stability. This paper investigates the influence of SCC on inverter control, and proposes strategies for enhancing system stability based on the instability mechanism. First, the impacts of SCC on inverter current control and synchronization control are analyzed. A current control model is established by a system transfer function, and a synchronization control model focusing on transient stability is established based on the traditional synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop (SRF-PLL). Bode and nonlinear analysis methods are utilized in the stability analysis of both current control and synchronization control. It is found that SCC has little effect on inverter current control. However, it seriously affects synchronization control. SCC reduces the stability range of synchronization control, and causes system instability when there is a large frequency disturbance. In order to improve system stability, two approaches have been proposed. These approaches are optimizing a PI controller, and designing a band-pass filter (BPF) inside the PLL. Finally, simulations and experiments are presented to verify the correctness of theories.
Keywords
Inverters; Grid integration; Reactive power compensation; Stability; Phase locked loop;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 He, X., Geng, H., Ma, S.: Transient stability analysis of grid-tied converters considering PLL's nonlinearity. CPSS Trans. Power Electron. Appl. 4(1), 40-49 (2019)   DOI
2 Ghosh, S., Isbeih, Y.J., Bhattarai, R.: A dynamic coordination control architecture for reactive power capability enhancement of the DFIG-based wind power generation. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 35(4), 3051-3064 (2020)   DOI
3 Li, P., Xiong, L., Wang, Z.: Fractional-order sliding mode control for damping of subsynchronous control interaction in DFIG-based wind farms. Wind Energy 5(3), 749-762 (2020)
4 Shair, J., Xie, X., Wang, L.: Overview of emerging subsynchronous oscillations in practical wind power systems. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 99, 159-168 (2019)   DOI
5 Kim, H., Jung, H., Sul, S.: Discrete-time voltage controller for voltage source converters with LC filter based on state-space models. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 55(1), 529-540 (2019)   DOI
6 Vennelaganti, S.G., Chaudhuri, N.R.: Stability criterion for inertial and primary frequency droop control in MTDC grids with implications on ratio-based frequency support. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 35(5), 3541-3551 (2020)   DOI
7 Al Hasnain, F., Sahami, A., Kamalasadan, S.: An online wide-area direct coordinated control architecture for power grid transient stability enhancement based on subspace identification. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 57(3), 2896-2907 (2021)   DOI
8 Zhang, C., Molinas, M., Rygg, A.: Impedance-based analysis of interconnected power electronics systems: impedance network modeling and comparative studies of stability criteria. IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Top. Power Electron. 8(3), 2520-2533 (2020)   DOI
9 Zhang, X., Xia, D., Fu, Z.: An improved feedforward control method considering PLL dynamics to improve weak grid stability of grid-connected inverters. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 54(5), 5143-5151 (2018)   DOI
10 Zhang, Q., Mao, M., Ke, G.: Stability problems of PV inverter in weak grid: a review. IET Power Electron. 13(11), 2165-2174 (2020)   DOI
11 Dong, D., Wen, B., Boroyevich, D.: Analysis of phase-locked loop low-frequency stability in three-phase grid-connected power converters considering impedance interactions. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 62(1), 310-321 (2015)   DOI
12 Cao, N., Song, Z., Chong, K.: Research on SSCI caused of doubly fed wind power generation via fixed series compensated transmission. In: 2017 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC), Jinan, pp. 3711-3717 (2017)
13 Wang, X.F., Harnefors, L., Blaabjerg, F.: Unified impedance model of grid-connected voltage-source converters. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 33(2), 1775-1787 (2018)   DOI
14 Hu, Q., Fu, L., Ma, F.: Large signal synchronizing instability of PLL-based VSC connected to weak AC grid. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 34(4), 3220-3229 (2019)   DOI
15 Rodriguez, P., Pou, J., Bogas, J.: Decoupled double synchronous reference frame PLL for power converters control. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 22(2), 584-592 (2007)   DOI
16 Zhou, L., Wu, W., Chen, Y.: Virtual positive-damping reshaped impedance stability control method for the offshore MVDC system. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 34(5), 4951-4966 (2019)   DOI
17 Wang, J.G., Yan, J.D., Jiang, L.: Delay-dependent stability of single-loop controlled grid-connected inverters with LCL filters. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 31(01), 743-757 (2016)   DOI
18 Jin, Y., Fang, T., Yao, K.: An improved time-delay compensation scheme for enhancing control performance of digitally controlled grid-connected inverter. In: 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Baltimore, pp. 2772-2776 (2019)
19 Li, Y., Gu, Y., Zhu, Y.: Impedance circuit model of grid-forming inverter: visualizing control algorithms as circuit elements. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 36(3), 3377-3395 (2021)   DOI
20 Ma, S., Geng, H., Liu, L.: Grid-synchronization stability improvement of large scale wind farm during severe grid fault. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 33(1), 216-226 (2018)   DOI
21 Zhao, J., Huang, M., Yan, H.: Nonlinear and transient stability analysis of phase-locked loops in grid-connected converters. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 36(1), 1018-1029 (2021)   DOI
22 Buraimoh, E., Davidson, I. E.: Simplified LCL filter state space modeling and small signal stability analysis of inverter based microgrid. In: 2021 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica, Nairobi, pp. 1-5 (2021)
23 Du, W., Tuffner, F., Schneider, K.P.: Modeling of grid-forming and grid-following inverters for dynamic simulation of largescale distribution systems. IEEE Trans. Power Delivery 36(4), 2035-2045 (2021)
24 Ren, Y., Wang, X., Chen, L.: A strictly sufficient stability criterion for grid-connected converters based on impedance models and Gershgorin's theorem. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. 35(3), 1606-1609 (2020)
25 Xu, Y., Zhao, S.: Mitigation of subsynchronous resonance in series-compensated DFIG wind farm using active disturbance rejection control. IEEE Access. 7, 68812-68822 (2019)   DOI
26 Liu, K., Cao, W., Wang, S.: Admittance modeling, analysis, and reshaping of harmonic control loop for multi-paralleled SAPFs system. IEEE Trans. Indus. Inf. 17(1), 280-289 (2021)   DOI
27 Golestan, S., Guerrero, J.M., Vasquez, J.C.: Modeling and stability assessment of single-phase grid synchronization techniques: Linear time-periodic versus linear time-invariant frameworks. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 34(01), 20-27 (2019)   DOI
28 Sun, J.: Impedance-based stability criterion for grid-connected inverters. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 26(11), 3075-3078 (2011)   DOI
29 Zhang, Q., Zhou, L., Mao, M.: Power quality and stability analysis of large-scale grid-connected photovoltaic system considering non-linear effects. IET Power Electron. 11(11), 1739-1747 (2018)   DOI
30 Peng, Q., Jiang, Q., Yang, Y.: On the stability of power electronics-dominated systems: challenges and potential solutions. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 55(6), 7657-7670 (2019)   DOI
31 Hu, J., Hu, Q., Wang, B.: Small signal instability of PLL-synchronized Type-4 wind turbines connected to high-impedance AC grid during LVRT. IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. 31(4), 1676-1687 (2016)   DOI
32 Huang, L., Xin, H., Li, Z.: Grid-synchronization stability analysis and loop shaping for PLL-based power converters with different reactive power control. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid. 11(01), 501-516 (2020)   DOI