Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2018.09.006

Fabrication and performance evaluation of ultraviolet photodetector based on organic /inorganic heterojunction  

Abdel-Khalek, H. (Thin Film Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University)
El-Samahi, M.I. (Thin Film Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University)
Salam, Mohamed Abd-El (Thin Film Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University)
El-Mahalawy, Ahmed M. (Thin Film Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University)
Publication Information
Current Applied Physics / v.18, no.12, 2018 , pp. 1496-1506 More about this Journal
Abstract
Organic/inorganic ultraviolet photodetector was fabricated using thermal evaporation technique. Organic/inorganic heterojunction based on thermally evaporated copper (II) acetylacetonate thin film of thickness 200 nm deposited on an n-type silicon substrate is introduced. I-V characteristics of the fabricated heterojunction were investigated under UV illumination of intensity $65mW/cm^2$. The diode parameters such as ideality factor, n, barrier height, ${\Phi}_B$, and reverse saturation current, $I_s$, were determined using thermionic emission theory. The series resistance of the fabricated diode was determined using modified Nord's method. The estimated values of series resistance and barrier height of the diode were about $0.33K{\Omega}$ and 0.72 eV, respectively. The fabricated photodetector exhibited a responsivity and specific detectivity about 9 mA/W and $4.6{\times}10^9$ Jones, respectively. The response behavior of the fabricated photodetector was analyzed through ON-OFF switching behavior. The estimated values of rise and fall time of the present architecture under UV illumination were about 199 ms and 154 ms, respectively. Finally, enhancing the photoresponsivity of the fabricated photodetector, post-deposition plasma treatment process was employed. A remarkable modification of the device performance was noticed as a result of plasma treatment. These modifications are representative in a decrease of series resistance and an increase of photoresponsivity and specific detectivity. The process of plasma treatment achieved an increment of external quantum efficiency from 5.53% to 8.34% at -3.5 V under UV illumination.
Keywords
Copper (II) acetylacetonate; Heterojunction; UV photodetector; Schottky diode; Plasma treatment;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 A. Tataroglu, F.Z. Pur, The Richardson constant and barrier inhomogeneity at $Au/Si_3N_4/n-Si$ (MIS) Schottky diodes, Phys. Scr. 88 (2013) 15801-15806.   DOI
2 V. Aubry, F. Meyer, Schottky diodes with high series resistance: limitations of forward I-V methods, J. Appl. Phys. 76 (12) (1994) 7973-7984.   DOI
3 H. Norde, A modified forward I-V plot for Schottky diodes with high series resistance, J. Appl. Phys. 50 (1979) 5052-5053.   DOI
4 K. Sato, Y. Yasumura, Study of forward I-V plot for Schottky diodes with high series resistance, J. Appl. Phys. 58 (1985) 3655-3657.   DOI
5 Osman S. Cifci, Mete Bakir, Jacob L. Meyer, Adem Kocyigit, Morphological and electrical properties of ATSP/p-Si photodiode, Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 74 (2018) 175-182.   DOI
6 M. Siva Pratap Reddy, Bong-Joong Kim, Ja-Soon Jang, Dual detection of ultraviolet and visible lights using A DNA-CTMA/GaN Photodiode with electrically different polarity, Optics Express OSA 22 (2014) 908-915.   DOI
7 Bangsen Ouyang, Kewei Zhang, Ya Yang, Photocurrent polarity controlled by light wavelength in self-Powered ZnO nanowires/SnS photodetector system, iScience 1 (2018) 16-23.   DOI
8 Rishi Maiti, Santanu Manna, Anupam Midya, Samit K. Ray, Broadband photoresponse and rectification of novel graphene oxide/n-Si heterojunctions, Optic Express 21 (2013), https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.21.026034.   DOI
9 Subhrajit Mukherjee, Rishi Maiti, Ajit K. Katiyar, Soumen Das, Samit K. Ray, Novel colloidal $MoS_2$ quantum dot heterojunctions on silicon platforms for multifunctional optoelectronic devices, Sci. Rep. Nat. (2016) 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep29016.   DOI
10 Subhrajit Mukherjee, Rishi Maiti, Ajit K. Katiyar, Soumen Das, Samit K. Ray, Novel colloidal $MoS_2$ quantum dot heterojunctions on silicon platforms for multifunctional optoelectronic devices, Sci. Rep. Nat. (2016) 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep29016.   DOI
11 P.L. Richards, Bolometers for infrared and millimeter waves, J. Appl. Phys. 76 (1994) 1-24.   DOI
12 Xiong Gong, Minghong Tong, Yangjun Xia, Wanzhu Cai, Ji Sun Moon, Yong Cao, Gang Yu, Chan-Long Shieh, Boo Nilsson, Alan J. Heeger, High-detectivity polymer photodetectors with spectral response from 300 nm to 1450 nm, Science 325 (2009) 1665-1667.   DOI
13 Wei Nan, Yang Liu, Huanhuan Xie, Wei Fei, Sheng Wang, Lian-Mao Peng, Carbon nanotube light sensors with linear dynamic range of over 120dB, Appl. Phys. Lett. 105 (2014) 073107-073112.   DOI
14 Letian Dou, Yang (Micheal) Yang, Jingbi You, Ziruo Hong, Wei-Hsuan Chang, Gang Li, Yang Yang, Solution-processed hybrid perovskite photodetectors with high detectivity, Nat. Commun. (2014), https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6404.   DOI
15 Zhiwen Jin, Jizheng Wang, PIN architecture for ultrasensitive organic thin film photoconductors, Sci. Rep. (2014), https://doi.org/10.1038/srep05331.   DOI
16 Yusuke Higashi, Kyu-Sik Kim, Hyeon-Gu Jeon, Musubu Ichikawa, Enhancing spectral contrast in organic red-light photodetectors based on a light-absorbing and exciton-blocking layered system, J. Appl. Phys. 108 (2010) 034502-034507.   DOI
17 Xiao-Wei Tong, Wei-Yu Kong, You-Yi Wang, Jin-Miao Zhu, Lin-Bao Luo, Zheng-Hua Wang, High-performance red-light photodetector based on lead-free Bismuth Halide perovskite film, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9 (2017) 18977-18985.   DOI
18 Zhaolin Yuan, A photodiode with high rectification ratio and low turn-on voltage based on ZnO nanoparticles and SubPc planar heterojunction, Physica E 56 (2014) 160-164.   DOI
19 Wlodzimierz Urbaniak, Katarzyna Jurek, Katarzyna Witt, Andrzej Goraczko, Properties and application of diketones and their Derivatives, Chemik 65 (2011) 273-282.
20 Ravinderpal Kour Sodhi, Satya Paul, An overview of metal acetylacetonates: developing areas/routes to new materials and applications in organic syntheses, Catal. Surv. Asia 22 (2018) 31-62.   DOI
21 Tessy Lopez, Emma Ortiz-Islas, Patricia Guevara, Esteban Gomez, Catalytic nanomedicine technology: copper complexes loaded on titania nanomaterials as cytotoxic agents of cancer cell, Int. J. Nanomed. 8 (2013) 581-592.
22 Aisha Munawar, Arjumand Iqbal Durrani, Abdullah Khan Durrani, Study of transition metal acetylacetonate doped PVC films, J. Facul. Eng. Technol. (JFET) 22 (2015) 317-328.
23 R.A. Anderson, R.L. Kiefer, M. Kim, S.A. Thiebeault, Modified polymeric materials for durability in the atomic oxygen space environment, J. Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. 208 (2003) 300-302.   DOI
24 Rosane A. Ligabue, Adriano L. Monteiro, Roberto F. de Souza, Michele O. de Souza, Catalytic properties of $Fe(acac)_3$ and $Cu(acac)_2$ in the formation of urethane from a diisocyanate derivative and EtOH, J. Mol. Catal. Chem. A 130 (1998) 101-105.   DOI
25 L. Capek, J. Adam, T. Grygar, R. Bulanek, L. Vradman, G. Kosova-Kucerova, P. Cicmanec, P. Knotek, Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane over vanadium supported on mesoporous materials of M41S family, Appl. Catal. A 342 (2008) 99-106.   DOI
26 Hai Zhou, Guo-Jia Fang, Nishuang Liu, Xing-Zhong Zhao, Effects of thermal annealing on the performance of Al/ZnO nanorods/Pt structure ultraviolet photodetector, Mater. Sci. Eng. B 176 (2011) 740-744.   DOI
27 Sin Ki Lai, Libin Tang, Yeung Yu Hui, Chi Man Luk, Shu Ping Lau, A deep ultraviolet to near-infrared photoresponse from glucose-derived graphene oxide, J. Mater. Chem. C 2 (2014) 6971-6977.   DOI
28 M. Shasti, R.S. Dariani, Study of growth time and post annealing effect on the performance of ZnO nanorods ultraviolet photodetector, J. Appl. Phys. 121 (2017) 064503-064509.   DOI
29 Yi-feng Lu, Hong He, Shao-xiong Liu, Zhi-zhan Chen, Effects of annealing treatment on the high temperature performance of 4H-SiC metal-semiconductor-metal ultraviolet photodiodes, Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 71 (2017) 116-120.   DOI
30 B.A. Park, C.A. Musca, R.J. Westerhout, J. Antoszewski, J.M. Dell, L. Faraone, MWIR HgCdTe photodiodes based on high-density plasma induced type conversion, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 23 (2008) 1-6.
31 S.G. Wang, P.J. Sellin, A. Lohstroh, Performance improvement of polycrystalline diamond ultraviolet photodetectors by room-temperature plasma treatment, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 (2005) 093503-093505.   DOI
32 Qingfeng Liu, Maogang Gong, Brent Cook, Prem Thapa, Dan Ewing, Matthew Casper, Alex Stramel, Judy Wu, Oxygen plasma surface activation of electron-depleted ZnO nanoparticle films for performance-enhanced ultraviolet photodetectors, Phys. Status Solidi A 214 (2017) 1700176-1700184.   DOI
33 So Ikeda, Eiji Higurashi, Tadatomo Suga, Influence of atmospheric-pressure plasma treatment on surface and electrical properties of photodiode chips, Electronics Packaging and iMAPS All Asia Conference (ICEP-IACC), IEEE, 2015, pp. 666-669.
34 Amanda L. Willis, Zhuoying Chen, Jiaqing He, Yimei Zhu, Nicholas J. Turro, O'Brien Stephen, Metal acetylacetonates as general precursors for the synthesis of early transition metal oxide nanomaterials, J. Nanomater. 2007 (2007) 14858-14865.
35 C. Pereira, A. Rosa Silva, A. Paula Carvalho, J. Pires, C. Freire, Vanadyl acetylacetonate anchored onto amine-functionalized clays and catalytic activity in the epoxidation of geraniol, J. Mol. Catal. A 283 (2008) 5-14.   DOI
36 C. Pereira, S. Patricio, A. Rosa Silva, A.L. Magalhaes, A. Paula Carvalho, J. Pires, Cristina Freire, Copper acetylacetonate anchored onto amine-functionalized clays, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 316 (2007) 570-579.   DOI
37 T. Maruyama, T. Shirai, Copper thin films prepared by chemical vapour deposition from copper (II) acetylacetonate, J. Mater. Sci. 30 (1995) 5551-5553.   DOI
38 Manuela Erbe, Jens Hanisch, Thomas Freudenberg, Anke Kirchner, Ingolf Monch, Stefan Kaskel, Ludwig Schultz, Bernhard Holzapfel, Improved $REBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$ (RE = Y, Gd) structure and superconducting properties by addition of acetylacetone in TFA-MOD precursor solutions, J. Mater. Chem. A 2 (2014) 4932-4944.   DOI
39 Hsin-Hua Wang, Qi Chen, Huanping Zhou, Song Luo, Zac St Louis, Nicholas De Marco, Yihao Fang, Pengyu Sun, Tze-Bin Song, Huajun Chenaand, Yang Yang, Improving the $TiO_2$ electron transport layer in perovskite solar cells using acetylacetonate-based additives, J. Mater. Chem. A 3 (2015) 9108-9115.   DOI
40 Abd Rashid bin Mohd Yusoff, Mohd Asri Mat Teridib, Jin Jang, Null current hysteresis for acetylacetonate electron extraction layer in perovskite solar cells, Nanoscale 8 (2016) 6328-6334.   DOI
41 Bestoon Mustafa, Jonathan Griffin, Abdullah S. Alsulami, David G. Lidzey, Alastair R. Buckley, Solution processed nickel oxide anodes for organic photovoltaic devices, Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 (2014) 0633021-0633025.
42 H. Abdel-Khalek, M.I. El-Samahi, Ahmed M. El-Mahalawy, Plasma impact on structural, morphological and optical properties of copper acetylacetonate thin films, Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 199 (2018) 356-366.   DOI
43 Wei Chen, Leiming Xu, Xiyuan Feng, Jiansheng Jie, Zhubing He, Metal acetylacetonate series in interface engineering for full low-temperature-processed, high-performance, and stable planar perovskite solar cells with conversion efficiency over 16% on $1cm^2$ scale, Adv. Mater. 29 (2017) 1603923-1603931.   DOI
44 Zhan'ao Tan, Shusheng Li, Fuzhi Wang, Deping Qian, Jun Lin, Jianhui Hou, Yongfang Li, High performance polymer solar cells with as-prepared zirconium acetylacetonate film as cathode buffer layer, Materials Science, Materials for Devices, Nat. Sci. Rep. 4691 (2014).
45 Wei Chen, Shiqiang Luo, Zunyuan Wan, Xiyuan Feng, Xinke Liu, Zhubing He, Ruthenium acetylacetonate in interface engineering for high performance planar hybrid perovskite solar cells, Optic Express 25 (2017) 253-263. A253.   DOI
46 Zhan'ao Tan, Wenqing Zhang, Chaohua Cui, Yuqin Ding, Deping Qian, Qi Xu, Liangjie Li, Shusheng Li, Yongfang Li, Solution-processed vanadium oxide as a hole collection layer on an ITO electrode for high-performance polymer solar cells, Chem. Phys. 14 (2012) 14589-14595.
47 Shaojian He, Shusheng Li, Zhan'ao Tan, Hua Zheng, Jun Lin, Siqian Hu, Jiyan Liu, Yongfang Li, Solution-processed nickel compound as hole collection layer for efficient polymer solar cells, J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 47 (2014) 505101-505109.   DOI
48 Xu Qi, Fuzhi Wang, Zhan'ao Tan, Liangjie Li, Shusheng Li, Xuliang Hou, Gang Sun, Xiaohe Tu, Jianhui Hou, Yongfang Li, High-performance polymer solar cells with solution-processed and environmentally friendly CuOx anode buffer layer, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5 (2013) 10658-10664.   DOI
49 J.A. Suttil, J.F. Kucharyson, I.L. Escalante-Garcia, P.J. Cabrera, B.R. James, R.F. Savinell, M.S. Sanford, L.T. Thompson, Metal acetylacetonate complexes for high energy density non-aqueous redox flow batteries, J. Mater. Chem. A 3 (2015) 7929-7938.   DOI
50 Gazieva Elizaveta, Gavrilenko Nataliya, Kasymova Tatiana, Gavrilenko Mikhail, A sensor based on metals acetylacetonates for determination of organic substances vapour in the atmosphere, Key Eng. Mater. 670 (2016) 241-245.
51 Weihai Sun, Yunlong Li, Senyun Ye, Haixia Rao, Weibo Yan, Haitao Peng, Li Yu, Zhiwei Liu, Shufeng Wang, Zhijian Chen, Lixin Xiao, Zuqiang Bian, Chunhui Huang, High-performance inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells based on a solution processed CuOx hole transport layer, Nanoscale 8 (2016) 10806-10813.   DOI
52 Ersel Ozkazanc, Polypyrrole/copper (II) acetylacetonate composites prepared by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization, Synth. Met. 162 (2012) 1016-1023.   DOI
53 A.A. Dakhel, A.Y. Ali-Mohamed, Dielectric properties of bis(2,4 pentanedionato) copper(II) crystalline films grown on Si substrate for low-k applications, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 355 (2009) 1264-1268.   DOI
54 R.G. Wetzel, Limnology: Lake and River Ecosystems, third ed., Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 2001.
55 Shan Chen, Changjiu Teng, Miao Zhang, Yingru Li, Dan Xie, Gaoquan Shi, A flexible UV-Vis-NIR photodetector based on a perovskite/conjugated-polymer composite, Adv. Mater. 28 (2016) 5969-5974.   DOI
56 Lin Peng, Linfeng Hu, Xiaosheng Fang, Low-dimensional nanostructure ultraviolet photodetectors, Adv. Mater. 25 (2013) 5321-5328.   DOI
57 Hongyu Chen, Kewei Liu, Linfeng Hu, Ahmed A. Al-Ghamdi, Xiaosheng Fang, New concept ultraviolet photodetectors, Mater. Today 18 (2015) 493-502.   DOI
58 Franck Omnes, Eva Monroy, Munoz Elias, Jean-Luc Reverchon, Wide bandgap UV photodetectors : a short review of devices and applications, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, vol. 6473, 2007 64730E-1- 64730E-15.
59 UV Exposure Has Increased over the Last 30 Years, but Stabilized since the Mid, (1990) https://www.nasa.gov/topics/solarsystem/features/uv-exposure.html.
60 Liwen Sang, Meiyong Liao, Masatomo Sumiya, A comprehensive review of semiconductor ultraviolet photodetectors: from thin film to one-dimensional nanostructures, Sensors 13 (2013) 10482-10518.   DOI
61 Wenhai Li, Li Dong, Guifang Dong, Lian Duan, Jialin Sun, Deqiang Zhang, Liduo Wang, High-stability organic red-light photodetector for narrowband applications, Laser Photon. Rev. 10 (2016) 473-480.   DOI
62 C.−B. Liu, B. Su, M. Liu, X.−X. Zhang, L. Wang, S. Zhang, G.−B. Che, Z.−L. Xu, Highly efficient organic ultraviolet photodetectors based on excellent Cu (I) complexes, Opto-Electr. Rev. 21 (2013) 288-292.
63 Mathew Paul Ukken, Muhammed Basheer Ummathur, Synthesis and characterization of two conjugated $\beta$-diketones and their metal complexes, Arch. Appl. Sci. Res. 5 (2013) 247-250.
64 Mateusz Bednorz, J. Gebhard, b Matt, Eric D. Glowacki, Thomas Fromherz, Christoph J. Brabec, Markus C. Scharber, Helmut Sitter, N. Serdar Sariciftci, Silicon/organic hybrid heterojunction infrared photodetector operating in the telecom regime, Org. Electron. 14 (2013) 1344-1350.   DOI
65 A.A. Attia, M.M. Saadeldin, H.S. Soliman, A.S. Gadallah, K. Sawaby, Structural and optical properties of p-quaterphenyl thin films and application in organic/inorganic photodiodes, Opt. Mater. 62 (2016) 711-716.   DOI
66 V.I. Avdeev, I.I. Zaldmrov, Calculation of the ultraviolet and visible spectra of copper acetylacetonate, Theor. Exp. Chem. 2 (1966) 609-615.
67 Taichiro Morimune, Hirotake Kajiiand, Yutaka Ohmori, Photoresponse properties of a high-speed organic photodetector based on copper-phthalocyanine under red light illumination, IEEE Photon. Technol. 18 (2006) 2662-2664.   DOI
68 Dai Wen, Xinhua Pan, Cong Chen, Shanshan Chen, Wei Chen, Honghai Zhang, Zhizhen Ye, Enhanced UV detection performance using a Cu doped ZnO nanorod array film, Roy. Soc. Chem. 4 (2014) 31969-31972.
69 Jingyu Liu, Yang Zhang, Caihong Liu, Mingzeng Peng, Aifang Yu, Jinzong Kou, Wei Liu, Junyi Zhai, Juan Liu, Piezo-phototronic effect enhanced UV photodetector based on CuI/ZnO double shell grown on flexible copper microwire, Nanoscale Res. Lett. (2016), https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-016-1499-1.   DOI
70 Cihat Ozaydin, Kemal Akkilic, Electrical and photoelectrical properties of copper(II) complex/n-Si/Au heterojunction diode, Am. J. Optic. Photon. 2 (2014) 69-74.   DOI
71 Hua Tian, Yang Cao, Jialin Sun, Junhui He, Enhanced broadband photoresponse of substrate free reduced graphene oxide photodetectors, J. Mater. Chem. C 7 (2017) 46536-46544.
72 Haowei Lin, Huibiao Liu, Xuemin Qian, Siu-Wai Lai, Yongjun Li, Nan Chen, Canbin Ouyang, Chi-Ming Che, Yuliang Li, Constructing a blue light photodetector on inorganic/organic p-n heterojunction nanowire arrays, Inorg. Chem. 50 (2011) 7749-7753.   DOI
73 Marcus Freitag, Tony Low, Phaedon Avouris, Increased responsivity of suspended graphene photodetectors, Nano Lett. 13 (2013) 1644-1648.   DOI
74 R.K. Gupta, K. Ghosh, P.K. Kahol, Fabrication and electrical characterization of Au/p-Si/STO/Au contact, Curr. Appl. Phys. 9 (2009) 933-936.   DOI
75 J. Tauc, A. Menth, States in the gap, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 8-10 (1972) 569-585.   DOI