Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2018.07.014

Vibration analysis of defected and pristine triangular single-layer graphene nanosheets  

Mirakhory, M. (Modal Analysis Lab., School of Mechanical Engineering, Semnan University)
Khatibi, M.M. (Modal Analysis Lab., School of Mechanical Engineering, Semnan University)
Sadeghzadeh, S. (Smart Micro/Nano Electro Mechanical Systems Lab (MNEMS), School of New Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology)
Abstract
This paper investigates the vibration behavior of pristine and defected triangular graphene sheets; which has recently attracted the attention of researchers and compare these two types in natural frequencies and sensitivity. Here, the molecular dynamics method has been employed to establish a virtual laboratory for this purpose. After measuring the different parameters obtained by the molecular dynamics approach, these data have been analyzed by using the frequency domain decomposition (FDD) method, and the dominant frequencies and mode shapes of the system have been extracted. By analyzing the vibration behaviors of pristine triangular graphene sheets in four cases (right angle of 45-90-45 configuration, right angle of 60-90-30 configuration, equilateral triangle and isosceles triangle), it has been demonstrated that the natural frequencies of these sheets are higher than the natural frequency of a square sheet, with the same number of atoms, by a minimum of 7.6% and maximum of 26.6%. Therefore, for increasing the resonance range of sensors based on 2D materials, nonrectangular structures, and especially the triangular structure, can be considered as viable candidates. Although the pristine and defective equilateral triangular sheets have the highest values of resonance, the sensitivity of defective (45,90,45) triangular sheet is more than other configurations and then, defective (45,90,45) sheet is the worst choice for sensor applications.
Keywords
Resonance; Pristine and defected triangular sheet; Graphene; Molecular dynamics; Frequency domain decomposition;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 T.-P. Le, P. Argoul, Modal identification using the frequency-scale domain decomposition technique of ambient vibration responses, J. Sound Vib. 384 (Supplement C) (2016) 325-338.   DOI
2 B. Rune, Z. Lingmi, A. Palle, Modal identification of output-only systems using frequency domain decomposition, Smart Mater. Struct. 10 (3) (2001) 441.   DOI
3 A. Brandt, Noise and Vibration Analysis : Signal Analysis and Experimental Procedures, 1 ed., John Wiley & Sons, 2011, p. 438.
4 D.J. Ewins, Modal Testing: Theory, Practice and Application (Mechanical Engineering Research Studies: Engineering Dynamics Series), Wiley, 2003.
5 S. Sadeghzadeh, Nanoparticle mass detection by single and multilayer graphene sheets: theory and simulations, Appl. Math. Model. 40 (17-18) (2016) 7862-7879.   DOI
6 S. Sadeghzadeh, N. Rezapour, The mechanical design of graphene nanodiodes and nanotransistors: geometry, temperature and strain effects, RSC Adv. 6 (89) (2016) 86324-86333.   DOI
7 S. Sadeghzadeh, N. Rezapour, A study of thermal conductivity in graphene diodes and transistors with intrinsic defects and subjected to metal impurities, Superlattice. Microst. 100 (Supplement C) (2016) 97-111.   DOI
8 S. Sadeghzadeh, The creation of racks and nanopores creation in various allotropes of boron due to the mechanical loads, Superlattice. Microst. 111 (Supplement C) (2017) 1145-1161.   DOI
9 N.A. Kumar, et al., Graphene and molybdenum disulfide hybrids: synthesis and applications, Mater. Today 18 (5) (2015) 286-298.   DOI
10 M. Mohammadi, M. Ghayour, A. Farajpour, Free transverse vibration analysis of circular and annular graphene sheets with various boundary conditions using the nonlocal continuum plate model, Compos. B Eng. 45 (1) (2013) 32-42.   DOI
11 S. Sarrami-Foroushani, M. Azhari, Nonlocal vibration and buckling analysis of single and multi-layered graphene sheets using finite strip method including van der Waals effects, Phys. E Low-dimens. Syst. Nanostruct. 57 (2014) 83-95.   DOI
12 H. Ghashochi-Bargh, S. Razavi, A simple analytical model for free vibration of orthotropic and functionally graded rectangular plates, Alexandria Eng. J. (2017), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2017.02.005.   DOI
13 S.C. Pradhan, J.K. Phadikar, Nonlocal elasticity theory for vibration of nanoplates, J. Sound Vib. 325 (1) (2009) 206-223.   DOI
14 M. Mahinzare, M.M. Barooti, M. Ghadiri, Vibrational Investigation of the Spinning Bi-dimensional Functionally Graded (2-FGM) Micro Plate Subjected to Thermal Load in Thermal Environment, Microsystem Technologies, 2017.
15 M.H. Shojaeefard, et al., Free Vibration and Critical Angular Velocity of a Rotating Variable Thickness Two-directional FG Circular Microplate, Microsystem Technologies, 2017.
16 X. Li, et al., Large-area synthesis of high-quality and uniform graphene films on copper foils, Science 324 (5932) (2009) 1312-1314.   DOI
17 M. Mahinzare, H. Ranjbarpur, M. Ghadiri, Free vibration analysis of a rotary smart two directional functionally graded piezoelectric material in axial symmetry circular nanoplate, Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 100 (2018) 188-207.   DOI
18 D.J. Gorman, Free vibration analysis of right triangular plates with combinations of clamped-simply supported boundary conditions, J. Sound Vib. 106 (3) (1986) 419-431.   DOI
19 W. Tian, et al., A review on lattice defects in graphene: types, generation, effects and regulation, Micromachines 8 (5) (2017) 163.   DOI
20 M.C. Lemme, et al., Etching of graphene devices with a helium ion beam, ACS Nano 3 (9) (2009) 2674-2676.   DOI
21 Y. Liang, Q. Han, S. Huan, The effects of temperature and vacancies on the elastic modulus and strength of graphene sheet, J. Therm. Stresses 38 (8) (2015) 926-933.   DOI
22 P. Rani, R. Bhandari, DFT study of defects in graphene, International Conference on Advanced Nanomaterials & Emerging Engineering Technologies, (2013).
23 X. Sun, et al., Effects of vacancy defect on the tensile behavior of graphene, Theor. Appl. Mech. Lett. 4 (5) (2014) 051002.   DOI
24 A. Santana, A.M. Popov, E. Bichoutskaia, Stability and dynamics of vacancy in graphene flakes: edge effects, Chem. Phys. Lett. 557 (2013) 80-87.   DOI
25 N. Jing, Q. Xue, C. Ling, M. Shan, T. Zhang, X. Zhou, Z. Jiao, Effect of defects on Young's modulus of graphene sheets: a molecular dynamics simulation, RSC Adv. 2 (24) (2012) 9124-9129, https://doi.org/10.1039/C2RA21228E.   DOI
26 M. Korayem, S. Sadeghzadeh, Dynamics of macro-nano mechanical systems; fixed interfacial multiscale method, Int. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 8 (4) (2012) 227-246.
27 M.A. Henderson, A surface perspective on self-diffusion in rutile TiO2, Surf. Sci. 419 (2) (1999) 174-187.   DOI
28 A. Shooshtari, S. Razavi, Vibration analysis of a magnetoelectroelastic rectangular plate based on a higher-order shear deformation theory, Lat. Am. J. Solid. Struct. 13 (2016) 554-572.   DOI
29 C.S. Kim, S.M. Dickinson, The free flexural vibration of right triangular isotropic and orthotropic plates, J. Sound Vib. 141 (2) (1990) 291-311.   DOI
30 M. Korayem, V. Rahneshin, S. Sadeghzadeh, Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation of automatic nanomanipulation process: the effect of tip damage on the positioning errors, Comput. Mater. Sci. 60 (2012) 201-211.   DOI
31 M. Korayem, S. Sadeghzadeh, V. Rahneshin, A new multiscale methodology for modeling of single and multi-body solid structures, Comput. Mater. Sci. 63 (2012) 1-11.   DOI
32 A. Sakhaee-Pour, M.T. Ahmadian, R. Naghdabadi, Vibrational analysis of singlelayered graphene sheets, Nanotechnology 19 (8) (2008) 085702.   DOI
33 P.R. Budarapu, et al., Lattice orientation and crack size effect on the mechanical properties of Graphene, Int. J. Fract. 203 (1) (2017) 81-98.   DOI
34 R. Chowdhury, et al., Transverse vibration of single-layer graphene sheets, J. Phys. Appl. Phys. 44 (20) (2011) 205401.   DOI
35 S. Sadeghzadeh, M.M. Khatibi, Modal identification of single layer graphene nano sheets from ambient responses using frequency domain decomposition, Eur. J. Mech. Solid. 65 (2017) 70-78.   DOI
36 Tersoff, J., Erratum: modeling solid-state chemistry: interatomic potentials for multicomponent systems. Phys. Rev. B. 41(5): p. 3248-3248.
37 L. Yang, et al., Quasiparticle energies and band gaps in graphene nanoribbons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 (18) (2007) 186801.   DOI
38 A.S. Tsiamaki, S.K. Georgantzinos, N.K. Anifantis, Monolayer graphene resonators for mass detection: a structural mechanics feasibility study, Sensor Actuator A Phys. 217 (2014) 29-38.   DOI
39 C. Lee, et al., Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene, Science 321 (5887) (2008) 385-388.   DOI
40 S. Sahmani, M.M. Aghdam, T. Rabczuk, Nonlocal strain gradient plate model for nonlinear large-amplitude vibrations of functionally graded porous micro/nanoplates reinforced with GPLs, Compos. Struct. 198 (2018) 51-62.
41 C. Zhang, W. Kang, J. Wang, Thermal conductance of one-dimensional materials calculated with typical lattice models, Phys. Rev. E 94 (5) (2016) 052131.
42 P.A.A. Laura, et al., A note on vibrating circular plates carrying concentrated masses, Mech. Res. Commun. 11 (6) (1984) 397-400.   DOI
43 B. Arash, J.-W. Jiang, T. Rabczuk, A review on nanomechanical resonators and their applications in sensors and molecular transportation, Appl. Phys. Rev. 2 (2) (2015) 021301.   DOI
44 B. Arash, Q. Wang, W.H. Duan, Detection of gas atoms via vibration of graphenes, Phys. Lett. A 375 (24) (2011) 2411-2415.   DOI
45 S.K. Jalali, M.H. Naei, N.M. Pugno, Graphene-based resonant sensors for detection of ultra-fine nanoparticles: molecular dynamics and nonlocal elasticity investigations, Nano 10 (02) (2014) 1550024.
46 S. Sadeghzadeh, Equivalent mechanical boundary conditions for single layer graphene sheets, Micro & Nano Lett. 11 (5) (2016) 248-252.   DOI
47 A. Sakhaee-Pour, M.T. Ahmadian, A. Vafai, Application of Single-layered Graphene Sheets as Mass Sensors and Atomistic Dust Detectors, (2007), pp. 99-104 4305X.
48 F. Bonaccorso, et al., Graphene photonics and optoelectronics, Nat. Photon. 4 (9) (2010) 611-622.   DOI
49 S.K. Singh, M. Neek-Amal, F.M. Peeters, Electronic properties of graphene nanoflakes: energy gap, permanent dipole, termination effect, and Raman spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys. 140 (7) (2014) 074304.   DOI
50 H. Mousavi, J. Khodadadi, Flake electrical conductivity of few-layer graphene, Sci. World J. 2014 (2014) 6.
51 W.-L. Ma, S.-S. Li, Electric-field-induced spin depolarization in graphene quantum dots, Phys. Rev. B 86 (4) (2012) 045449.   DOI
52 S. Sadeghzadeh, M.M. Khatibi, Effects of physical boundary conditions on the transverse vibration of single-layer graphene sheets, Appl. Phys. A 122 (9) (2016) 1-11.
53 H. Wenzel, Ambient vibration monitoring, Encyclopedia of Structural Health Monitoring, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2009.
54 J. Akola, H.P. Heiskanen, M. Manninen, Edge-dependent selection rules in magic triangular graphene flakes, Phys. Rev. B 77 (19) (2008) 193410.   DOI
55 M. Brack, et al., On the role of classical orbits in mesoscopic electronic systems, Z. Physik D Atoms, Mol. Clust. 40 (1) (1997) 276-281.   DOI
56 M. Manninen, H.P. Heiskanen, J. Akola, Electronic shell and supershell structure in graphene flakes, Eur. Phys. J. D 52 (1) (2009) 143-146.   DOI
57 H.P. Heiskanen, M. Manninen, J. Akola, Electronic structure of triangular, hexagonal and round graphene flakes near the Fermi level, N. J. Phys. 10 (10) (2008) 103015.   DOI
58 S.M. Reimann, M. Manninen, Electronic structure of quantum dots, Rev. Mod. Phys. 74 (4) (2002) 1283-1342.   DOI
59 S.Y. Zhou, et al., First direct observation of Dirac fermions in graphite, Nat. Phys. 2 (9) (2006) 595-599.   DOI
60 K. Nakada, et al., Edge state in graphene ribbons: nanometer size effect and edge shape dependence, Phys. Rev. B 54 (24) (1996) 17954-17961.   DOI
61 S. Okada, Energetics of nanoscale graphene ribbons: edge geometries and electronic structures, Phys. Rev. B 77 (4) (2008) 041408.
62 Z. Li, et al., How graphene is cut upon oxidation? J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 (18) (2009) 6320-6321.   DOI
63 T. Gokus, et al., Making graphene luminescent by oxygen plasma treatment, ACS Nano 3 (12) (2009) 3963-3968.   DOI