Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3839/jabc.2016.062

Protective effects of red ginseng according to steaming time on HCl/ethanol-induced acute gastritis  

Lee, Joo Young (College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University)
Kwon, O Jun (Gyeongbuk Regional Industry Evaluation, Daegyeong Institute for Regional Program Evaluation)
Noh, Jeong Sook (Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Tongmyong University)
Roh, Seong-Soo (College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University)
Publication Information
Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry / v.59, no.4, 2016 , pp. 365-372 More about this Journal
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of red ginseng (RG) according to steaming time on 150 mM HCl/60 % ethanol induced gastric ulcer models in mice. The sample was divided into 3 groups-G (dried ginseng), RG 4 (steamed 4 h and dried ginseng), RG 6 (steamed 6 h and dried ginseng), and determined through in vitro experiments, such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging activity, HPLC analysis, total polyphenol, and flavonoid contents. In vitro experiment results were depended on steaming hours. Based on the results, we chose two samples (G, RG 6) and conducted in vivo experiments. Mice were divided into 5 groups: Nor (normal group), Con (acute gastritis mice treated with distilled water), G (gastris induced by HCl/Ethanol treated with 100 mg/kg G), RG 6 (gastris induced by HCl/ethanol treated with 100 mg/kg RG 6), and SC (gastris induced by HCl/Ethanol treated with 10 mg/kg sucralfate). In our results revealed that RG 6 suppressed elevated reactive oxygen species, and inflammatory related makers, such as cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-1 beta. In addition, gastric lesion area was improved. These results suggest that RG 6 protects the stomach by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory response under gastric ulcer conditions. Therefore, RG 6 should be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of acute gastric ulcer.
Keywords
Anti-inflammation; Anti-oxidation; Gastritis; Red ginseng;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 7  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Velioglu YS, Mazza G, Gao L, Oomah BD (1998) Antioxidant activity and total phenolics in selected fruits, vegetables, and grain products. J Agric Food Chem 46: 4113-4117   DOI
2 Weisz A, Cicatiello L, Esumi H (1996) Regulation of the mouse inducibletype nitric oxide synthase gene promoter by interferon-${\gamma}$, bacterial lipopolysaccharide and NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. Biochem J 316: 209-215   DOI
3 Holasova M, Fiedlerova V, Smrcinova H, Orsak M, Lachman J, Vavreinova S (2002) Buckwheat the source of antioxidant activity in functional foods. Food Res Int. 35: 207-211   DOI
4 Hwang EY, Kong YH, Lee YC, Kim YC, Yoo KM, Jo YO, Choi SY (2006) Comparison of phenolic compounds contents between white and red ginseng and their inhibitory effect on melanin biosynthesis. J Ginseng Res 30: 82-87   DOI
5 Joung EM, Kim HY, Hwng IG, Jeong JH, Yu KW, Lee JS, Jeong HS (2010) Chgnges of antioxidant activties on clutured ginseng with mushroom mycelia during cultivaiton. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 39: 1346-1352   DOI
6 Kahraman A, Erkasap N, Koken T, Serteser M, Aktepe F, Erkasap S (2003) The antioxidative and antihistaminic properties of quercetin in ethanolinduced gastric lesions. Toxicology 183: 133-142   DOI
7 KG and TRI (1996) New Korean Ginseng. Korea Ginseng & Tabacco Research Institute, Daejeon
8 Kim DK, Baik MY, Kim HK, Hahm YT, Kim BY (2012) Manufacture of the Red Ginseng Vinegar Fermented with Red Ginseng Concentrate and Rice Wine, and its Quality Evaluation. Korean J Food.Sci Technol 44: 179-184   DOI
9 Kim JY, Jung KS, Jeong HG (2004) Suppressive effects of the kahweol and cafestol on cyclooxygenase-2 expression in macrophages. FEBS letters 569: 321-326   DOI
10 Kim KY, Shin JK, Lee SW, Yoon SR, Chung HS, Jeong YJ, Choi MS, Lee CM, Moon KD, Kwon JH (2007a) Quality and Functional Properties of Red Ginseng Prepared with Different Steaming Time and Drying Methods. Korean J Food Sci Techinol 39: 494-499
11 Kim SE, Lee YH, Park JH, Lee SK (1999) Ginsenoside Rs3, a new diol-type ginseng saponin, selectively elevates protein levels of p53 and p21WAF1 leading to induction of apoptosis in SK-HEP-1 cells. Anticancer Res 19: 487-491
12 Kwiecien S, Brzozowski T, Konturek SJ (2002) Effects of reactive oxygen species action on gastric mucosa in various models of mucosal injury. J Physiol Pharmacol 53: 39-50
13 Kim YS, Kim SN, Ha YW, Shin H, Son SH, Wu SJ (2007b) Simultaneous quantification of Ginsenosides in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Korean red ginseng) by HPLC-ELSD and its application to quality control. J Pharm Biomed Anal 45: 164-170   DOI
14 Kojima M, Morisaki T, Izuhara K, Uchiyama Y, Matsunari Y, Katano M, Tanaka M (2000) Lipopolysaccharide increases cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression in a colon carcinoma cell line through nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ activation. Oncogene 19: 1225-1231   DOI
15 Kooy NW, Royall JA, Ischiropoulos H, Beckman JS (1994) Peroxynitritemediated oxidation of dihydrohodamine 123. Free Radic Biol Med 16: 149-156   DOI
16 La Casa C, Villegas I, Alarcon de la Lastra C, Motilva V, Martin Calero MJ (2000) Evidence for protective and antioxidant properties of rutin, a natural flavone, against ethanol induced gastric lesions. J Ethnopharmacol 71: 45-53   DOI
17 Lee HK, Jung KY, Kim DS, Oh SR, Lee IS, Lee JJ, Park JD, Kim SI (1998) Platelet activating factor antagonist activity of ginsenoside. Biol Pharm Bull 21: 79-80   DOI
18 Lee MJ, Kim EH, Rhee DK (2008) Effects of Panax ginseng on stress. J Ginseng Res 32: 8-14   DOI
19 Lister CE, Lancaster JE, Sutton KH, Walker JRL (1994) Developmental changes in the concentration and composition of flavonoids in skin of a red and a green apple cultivar. J Science Food and Agric 64: 155-161   DOI
20 Martins JLR, Rodrigues ORL, da Silva DM, Galdino PM, de Palula JR, Romao W, Romao W, da Costa HB, Vaz BG, Ghedini PC, Costa EA (2014) Mechanisms involved in the gastro protective activity of Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sargent on gastric lesions in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 155: 1616-1624   DOI
21 Owens MW, Grisham MB (1993) Nitric oxide synthesis by rat pleural mesothelial cells-induction by cytokines and lipopolysaccharide. Am J Physiol 265: L110-116
22 Nam KY (2005) The comparative understanding between red ginseng and white ginsengs, processed ginsengs (Panax ginseng CA Meyer). J Ginseng Res 29: 1-18   DOI
23 Noh JE, Choi YK, Kim HK, Kwon JH (2005) Pre-establishment of microwave-assisted extraction condition for antioxidative extracts from cabbage. Korean J Food Preserv 12: 62-67
24 Olaleye SB, Adaramoye OA, Erigbali PP, Adeniyi OS (2007) Lead exposure increases oxidative stress in the gastric mucosa of HCl/ethanol-exposed rats. World J Gastroenterol 13: 5121-5126   DOI
25 Park CK, Kwak YS, Hwang MS, Kim SC, Do JH (2007) Trends and prospect of ginseng products in market health functional food. Food Sci Ind 40, 30-45
26 Park JH, Kim WY, Kim JM, Han SB, Lee SK, Kim ND, Park MK, Kim CK (2000) Steaming of ginseng at high temperature enhances biological activity. J Nat Prod 63: 1702-1704   DOI
27 Surh YJ, Keum YS, Park KK, Lee JM, Chun KS, Park JH, Lee SK, Kwon HJ (2000) Antioxidant and anti-tumor promoting activities of the methanol extract of heat-processed ginseng. Cancer Lett 150: 41-48   DOI
28 Pravda J (2011) Crohn's disease: Evidence for involvement of unregulated transcytosis in disease etio-pathogenesis. World J Gastroenterology 17: 1416-1426   DOI
29 Radi R, Beckman JS, Bush KM, Freeman BA (1991) Peroxynitrite-induced membrane lipid peroxidation: the cytotoxic potential of superoxide and nitric oxide. Arch Biochem Biophys 288: 481-487   DOI
30 Shen HM, Tergaonkar V (2009) $NF{\kappa}B$ signaling in carcinogenesis and as a potential molecular target for cancer therapy. Apoptosis 14: 348-363   DOI
31 Cheon YP, Mollah ML, Park CH, Hong JH, Lee GD, Song JC, Kim KS (2009) Bulnesia sarmienti aqueous extract inhibits inflammation in LPSstimulated RAW 264.7 cells. J Life Sci 19: 479-485   DOI
32 Ali SF, LeBel CP, Bondy SC (1992) Reactive oxygen species formation as a biomarker of methylmercury and trimethyltin neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology 13: 637-648
33 Alrashdi AS, Salama SM, Alkiyumi SS, Abdulla MA, Hadi AH, Abdelwahab SI, Taha MM, Hussiani J, Asykin N (2012) Mechanisms of Gastroprotective Effects of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Jasminum sambac against HCl/Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. doi:10.1155/2012/786426   DOI
34 Banks WJ (1986) Applied veterinary histology (2nd ed.), William & Wilkins, Baltimore
35 Choi M, Shin GJ, Choi GP, Do JH, Kim JD (2003) Synergistic effects of extracts from Korean red ginseng, Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill. and Rubus coreanus Miq. on antioxidative activities in rats. Korean J Medicinal Crop Sci 14: 27-30
36 Finotto S, Ohno I, Marshall JS, Gauldie J, Denburg JA, Dolovich J, Clark DA, Jordana M (1994) TNF-alpha production by eosinophiles in upper airways inflammation (nasal polyposis). J Immunol 153: 2278-2289
37 Cowan KJ, Storey KB (2003) Mitogen-activated protein kinases: new signaling pathways functioning in cellular responses to environmental stress. J Exp Biol 206: 1107-1115   DOI
38 Droge W (2001) Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function. Physiol Rev 82: 47-95
39 Ebadi M, Sharma SK (2003) Peroxynitrite and mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 5: 319-335   DOI
40 Guo JS, Cho CH, Wang JY, Koo MW (2006) Differential effects of selective and non-selective inhibition of nitric oxide synthase on the expression and activity of cyclooxygenase-2 during gastric ulcer healing. Eur J Pharmacol 536: 301-308   DOI
41 Halliwell B, Aeschbach R, Loliger J, Aruoma OI (1995) The characterization of antioxidants. Food Chem Toxico 33: 601-617   DOI
42 Hatano T, Edamatsu R, Hiramatsu M, Mori A, Fujita Y, Yasuhara T, Yoshida T, Okuda T (1989) Effects of the interaction of tannins with co-existing substances. VI. Effects if tannins and related polyphenols on superoxide anion radical, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical. Chem Pharm Bull 37: 2016-2021   DOI
43 Hernandez-Munoz R, Montiel-Ruiz C, Vazquez-Martinez O (2000) Gastric mucosal cell proliferation in ethanol-induced chronic mucosal injury is related to oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in rats. Lab Invest 80: 1161-1169   DOI
44 Hogg N, Darley-Usmar VM, Wilson MT, Moncada S (1992) Production of hydroxyl radicals from the simultaneous generation of superoxide and nitric oxide. Biochem J 15: 419-424