Coenzyme Q10: a progress towards the treatment of neurodegenerative disease |
Kumar, Peeyush
(Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas vishwavidyalaya)
Kumar, Pramod (Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas vishwavidyalaya) Ram, Alpana (Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas vishwavidyalaya) Kuma, Mithilesh (Depatment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University) Kumar, Rajeev (Depatment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University) |
1 | Rosen DR, Siddique T, Patterson D, Figlewicz DA, Sapp P, Hentati A, Donaldson D, Goto J, O’regan JP, Deng HX, Rahmani Z, Krizus A, Mckenna-Yasek, D, Cayabyab A, Gaston SM, Berger R, Tanzi RE, Halperin J. (1993) Mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene are associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nature. 362, 59-62. DOI ScienceOn |
2 | Rowland LP, Shneider NA. (2001) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 344, 1688-1700. DOI ScienceOn |
3 | Rozen T, Oshinsky M, Gebeline C, Bradley K, Young W, Shechter A, Silberstein S. (2002) Open label trial of coenzyme as a migraine preventive. Cephalalgia. 22,137–41. DOI ScienceOn |
4 | Sandor PS. (2005) Efficacy of coenzyme in migraine prophylaxis: A randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 64, 713-715. DOI ScienceOn |
5 | Schapira AH, Mann VM, Cooper JM, Dexter D, Daniel SE, Jenner P, Clark JB, Marsden CD. (1990) Anatomic disease specificity of NADH CoQ1 redutase (complex I) deficiency in Parkinson’s disease. J. Neurochem. 55, 2142-2145. DOI |
6 | Schoepp G. (1999) Is coenzyme (ubiquinone) effective for the treatment of heart failure Pharm. Pract. 13, 31-32. |
7 | Shinde S, Patil N, Tendolkar A. (2005) Coenzyme : a review of essential functions. Internet J. Nutr. Wellness, v.1, n.2. |
8 | Murata T, Ohtsuka C, Terayama Y. (2008) Increased mitochondrial oxidative damage in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J. Neurol. Sci. 267, 66-69. DOI ScienceOn |
9 | Muta-Takada K, Terada T, Yamanishi H, Ashida Y, Inomata S, Nishiyama T, Amano S, (2009) Coenzyme protects against oxidative stress-induced cell death and enhances the synthesis of basement membrane components in dermal and epidermal cells. Biofactors. 35, 435-41. DOI ScienceOn |
10 | Naught MC, Olanow CW. (2003) Proteolytic stress: a unifying concept for the etiopathogenesisof Parkinson’s disease. Ann. Neurol. 53, 3-86. DOI ScienceOn |
11 | Nohl H, Kozlov AV, Staniek K, Gille L. (2001) The multiple functions of coenzyme Q. Bio. org. Chem. 29, 1-13. |
12 | Parker JR, Boyson SJ, Parks JK. (1998) Abnormalities of the electron transport chain in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. An. Neurol. 26, 719-723. |
13 | Pepping J. (1999) Coenzyme . Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. 56, 519-521. |
14 | Peyser CE, Folstein M, Chase GA, Starkstein S, Brandt J, Cockrell JR, Blysma F, Coyle JT, Mchugh PR, Folstein SE. (1995) Trial of D-a-tocopherol in Huntington’s disease. Am. J. Psychiat. 152, 1771-1775. DOI |
15 | Quiles JL, Ochoa JJ, Huertas JR, Mataix J. (2004) Coenzyme Q supplementation protects from agerelated DNA double-strand breaks and increases lifespan in rats fed on a PUFA-rich diet. Exp Gerontol. 39, 189-94. DOI ScienceOn |
16 | Quinn PJ, Fabisiak JP, Kagan VE. (1999) Expansion of antioxidant function of vitamin E by coenzyme Q. Bio. Factors. 9, 149-154. |
17 | Quinzii CM, Dimauro S. (2007a) Hirano, M. Human coenzyme deficiency. Neurochem. Res. 32, 723- 727. DOI |
18 | Quinzii CM, Hirano M, Dimauro S. (2007b) Co deficiency diseases in adults. Mitochondrion. 7, 122-126. DOI ScienceOn |
19 | Langsjoen PH, Langsjoen AM. (1999) Overview of the use of Co in cardiovascular disease, Biofactors. 9, 273-284. DOI |
20 | Lenaz G, Bovina C, Formiggini G, Castelli GP. (1999) Mitochondria, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defences. Acta. Biochim. Pol. 46. |
21 | Littarru GP. (2006) Coenzyme : from biochemistry to medicine. The Metabolic Approach Forum. Avaiable at: http://www.st-hs.com. Accessed on 10 oct.2008. |
22 | Littarru GP, Tiano L. (2010) Clinical aspects of coenzyme : an update. Nutrition. Mar. 26, 250- 254. DOI ScienceOn |
23 | Mason P. (2005) Potential uses for coenzyme . Pharm. J. 275, 379-382. |
24 | Mancuso M, Orsucci D, Volpi L, Calsolaro V, Siciliano G. (2010) Coenzyme in neuromuscular and neurodegenerative disorders. Curr Drug Targets. 1, 111-21. |
25 | Maes M, Mihaylova I, Kubera M, Uytterhoeven M, Vrydags N, Bosmans E. (2009) Lower plasma Coenzyme in depression: a marker for treatment resistance and chronic fatigue in depression and a risk factor to cardiovascular disorder in that illness. Neuro Endocrinol. Lett. 4, 462-469. |
26 | Matthews RT, Yang S, Browne S, Baik M, Beal MF. (1998a) Coenzyme administration increases brain mitochondrial concentrations and exerts neuroprotective effects. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95, 8892-8897. DOI ScienceOn |
27 | Matthews RT, Yang L, Jenkins BG, Ferrante RJ, Rosen BR, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Beal MF. (1998b) Neuroprotective effects of creatine and cyclocreatine in animal models of Huntington’s disease. J. Neurosci. 18, 156-163. |
28 | Muller T, Buttner T, Gholipour AF, Kuhn W (2003) Coenzyme supplementation provides mild symptomatic benefit in patients with Parkinson´s disease. Neurosci. Lett. 341, 201-204. DOI ScienceOn |
29 | Kasparova S, Sumbalova Z, Bystricky P, Kucharska J, Liptaj T, Mlynarik V, Gvozdjakova A. (2006) Effect of coenzyme and vitam E on brain energy metabolism in the animal model of Huntington´s disease. Neurochem. Int. 48, 93-99. DOI ScienceOn |
30 | Kawamoto EM, Munhoz CD, Glezer I, Bahia VS, Caramelli P, Nitrini R, Gorjao R, Curi R, Scavone C, Marcourakis T. (2005) Oxidative stress in platelets and erythrocytes in aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol. Aging. 26, 857-864. DOI ScienceOn |
31 | Kitano M, Hosoe K, Fukutomi N, Hidaka T, Ohta R, Yamakage K, Hara T. (2006) Evaluation of the mutagenic potential of ubidecarenone using three short-term assays. Food Chem. Toxicol. 44, 364-370. DOI ScienceOn |
32 | Koryagin AS, Krylova EV, Lukyanova LD. (2002) “Effect of Ubiquinone-10 on the Blood System in Rats Exposed to Radiation”. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 562-564. |
33 | Koroshetz WJ, Jenkins BG, Rosen BR, Beal MF. (1997) Energy metabolism defects in Hiuntington’s disease and effects of coenzyme . Ann. Neurol. 41, 160-165. DOI ScienceOn |
34 | Kwong L, Kamzalov S, Rebrin I, Bayne ACV, Jana CK, Morris P, Forster MJ, Sohal RS. (2002) Effects of coenzyme administration on its tissue concentrations, mitochondrial oxidant generation, and oxidative stress in the rat. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 33, 627-638. DOI ScienceOn |
35 | Langsjoen PH, Klinische W. (1993) Expansion of antioxidant function of vitamin E by coenzyme Q Clinical Investigator. 71, 145-149. |
36 | Langston JW, Ballard P, Tetrud JW, Irwin I. (1983) Chronic Parkinsonism in humans due to a product of mepeidine-analog synthesis. Science. 219, 979-980. DOI |
37 | Langsjoen PH, Langsjoen AM. (2003) The clinical use of HMG CoA-reductase inhibitors and the associated depletion of coenzyme : A review of animal and human publications. Biofactors. 18, 101-111. DOI |
38 | Hebert LE, Beckett LA, Scherr PA, Evans DA. (2000) Annual incidence of Alzheimer disease in the United States projected to the years 2000 through 2050. lzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. 15, 169-173. |
39 | Hidaka T, Fujii K, Funahashi I, Fukutomi N, Hosoe K. (2008) Safety assessment of coenzyme (Co). Biofactors. 32, 199-208. DOI |
40 | Hollingsworth Z, Shoulson I, Lazzarini A, Falek A, Koroshetz W, Sax D, Bird E. (1993) Trinucleotide repeat length instability and age of onset in Huntington’s disease. Nat. Genet. 4, 387-392. DOI ScienceOn |
41 | Hughes K, Lee BL, Feng X, Lee J, Ong CN. (2002) Coenzyme and differences in coronary heart disease risk in Asian Indians and Chinese. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 32, 132-138. DOI ScienceOn |
42 | Ishrat T, Khan MB, Hoda MD, Yousuf S, Ahmad M, Ansari MA, Ahmad AS, Islam F. (2006) Coenzyme modulates cognitive impairment against intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin in rats. Behav. Brain Res. 171, 9-16. DOI ScienceOn |
43 | Ishii N, Senoo-Matsuda N, Miyake K, Yasuda K, Ishii T, Hartman PS. (2004) “Coenzyme can prolong C. elegans lifespan by lowering oxidative stress”. Mech Ageing Dev. 125, 41-46. DOI ScienceOn |
44 | Jenkins BG, Rosas HD, Chen YC, Makabe T, Myers R, Macdonald M, Rosen BR, Beal MF, Koroshetz WJH. (1998) NMR spectroscopy studies of Huntington’s disease: correlations with CAG repeat numbers. Neurology. 50, 1357-1365. DOI ScienceOn |
45 | Jenner P. (2003) Oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease. Ann. Neurol. 53, suppl. 26-38. DOI ScienceOn |
46 | Kalen A, Appelkvist EL, Dallner G. (1989) Age related changes in the lipid composition of rat and human tissue. Lipids. 24, 579-584. DOI |
47 | Kamzalov S, Sumien N, Forster MJ, Sohal RS. (2003) Coenzyme Q intake elevates the mitochondrial and tissue levels of coenzyme Q and -tocopherol in young mice. J. Nutr. 133, 175-3180. |
48 | Ferrante RJ, Browne SE, Shinobu LA, Bowling AC, Baik MJ, Macgarvey U, Kowall NW, Brown JR, Beal MF. (1997) Evidence of increased oxidative damage in both sporadic and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J. Neurochem. 69, 2064-2074. |
49 | Ferrante RJ, Andreassen OA, Dedeoglu A, Ferrante KL, Jenkins BG, Hersch SM, Beal MF. (2002) Therapeutic effects of coenzyme and remacemide in transgenic mouse models of Huntington’s disease. J. Neurosci. 22, 1592-1599. |
50 | Floyd RA. (1999) Antioxidants, oxidative stress, and degenerative neurological disorders. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 222, 236-245. DOI |
51 | Francis PT, Palmer AM, Snape M, Wilcock GK. (1999) The cholinergic hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease: a review of progress. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 66, 137-147. DOI |
52 | Fu X, Ji R, Dam J. (2010) Antifatigue effect of coenzyme in mice., J. Med. Food. 1, 211-15. |
53 | Galpern WR, Cudkowicz ME. (2007) Coenzyme Q treatment of neurodegenerative diseases of aging. Mitochondrion. 7, 146-53. DOI ScienceOn |
54 | Gary EG. (2005) Hsueh-Meei, H. Oxidative stress in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol. Aging. 26, 575-578. DOI ScienceOn |
55 | Goldberg YP, Telenius H, Hayden MR. (1994) The molecular genetics of Huntington’s disease. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 7, 325-32. DOI |
56 | Gokbel H, Gul I, Belviranl M, Okudan N. (2010) The effects of coenzyme supplementation on performance during repeated bouts of supramaximal exercise in sedentary men. J. Strength Cond. Res. 1, 97-102. |
57 | Halliwell B, Ann NY. (2002) Hypothesis: proteasomal dysfunction: a primary event in neurogeneration that leads to nitrative and oxidative stress and subsequent cell death. Acad. Sci. 962, 182-194. DOI ScienceOn |
58 | Cutler NR, Sramek JJ. (2001) Review of the next generation of Alzheimer's disease therapeutics: challenges for drug development. Prog. Neuro- Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiat. 25, 27-57. DOI ScienceOn |
59 | Dawson TM, Dawson VL. (2003) Molecular pathways of neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease. Science. 302, 819-822. DOI ScienceOn |
60 | De Lau L, Breteler MB. (2006) Epidemiology of Parkinson’s disease. Lancet Neurol. 5, 525-535, 2006. DOI ScienceOn |
61 | Donald MC, Sohal SR, Forster MJ. (2005) Concurrent administration of coenzyme and alpha-tocopherol improves learning in aged mice. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 38, 729-73. DOI ScienceOn |
62 | Duyao M, Ambrose C, Myers R, Novelletto A, Persichetti F, Frontali M, Folstein S, Ross C, Franz M, Abbott M, Gray J, Conneally P, Young A, Penney J. (1993) Trinucleotide repeat length instability and age of onset in Huntington’s disease. Nat. Genet. 4, 387-392. DOI ScienceOn |
63 | Dutton PL, Ohnishi T, Darrouzet E, Leonard MA, Sharp RE, Cibney BR. (2000). Coenzyme Q oxidation reduction reactions in mitochondrial electron transport. CRC Press, Boca. Raton. 65-82. |
64 | Ernster L, Dallner G. (1995). Biochemical, physiological and medical aspects of ubiquinone function. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1271, 195-204. DOI ScienceOn |
65 | Evans DA, Funkenstein HH, Albert MS, Scherr PA, Cook NR, Chown MJ, Hebert E, Hennekens CH, Taulor JO. (1989) Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in a community population of older persons: higher than previously reported. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 262, 2551-2556. DOI |
66 | Farout L, Friguet B. (2006) Proteasome function in aging and oxidative stress implications in protein maintenance failure. Antioxid. Redox. Signal. 8, 205- 216. DOI ScienceOn |
67 | Feigin A, Kieburtz K, Como P, Hickey C, Claude K. (1996) Assessment of coenzyme tolerability in Huntington’s disease. Mov. Disord. 11, 321-323. DOI ScienceOn |
68 | Beyer RE, Burnett BA, Cartwright KJ, Edington DW. (1985) Tissue coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) and protein concentration over the life span of the laboratory rat. Mech. Aging Dev. 32, 267-281. DOI ScienceOn |
69 | Bogdanov M, Brown JR, RH, Matson W, Smart R, Hayden D, O' Donnell H, Flint M, Cudkowicz M. (2000) Increased oxidative damage to DNA in ALS patients. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 29, 652-658. DOI ScienceOn |
70 | Bonakdar RA, Guarneri E. (2005) Coenzyme . Am. Fam. Physician. 72, 1065-1070. |
71 | Browne SE, Ferranti RJ, Beal MF. (1999) Oxidative stress in Huntington’s disease. Brain Pathol. 9, 147- 163. |
72 | Bustus F, Molina JA, Jimenez-Jimenez FJ, Garcia- RedondoA, Gomez-Escalonilla C, Porta-Etessam J, Berbel A, Zurdo M, Barcenilla B, Parrilla G, Enriquez-De-Salamanca R, Arenas J. (2000) Serum levels of coenzyme in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. J. Neural. Transm. 107, 233-239. DOI |
73 | Butterfield DA. (2004) Proteomics: a new approach to investigate oxidative stress in Alzheimer’s disease brain. Brain Res. 1000, 1-7. DOI ScienceOn |
74 | Cardoso F, Seppi K, Mair KJ, Wenning GK, Poewe W. (2006) Seminar on choreas. Lancet Neurol. 5, 589-602. DOI ScienceOn |
75 | Coles L, Harris S. (1996) Coenzyme Q-10 and Lifespan Extension. Advances in Anti-Aging Medicine. 1, 205- 215. |
76 | Coyle JT, Puttafarcken P. (1993) Oxidative stress, glutamate and neurodegenerative disorders. Science. 262, 689-695. |
77 | Crane FL, Hatefi Y, Lester RL, Widmer C. (1957) Isolation of a quinone from beef heart mitochondria. Biochem. Biophys. Acta. 25, 220-221. DOI |
78 | Crane F. (2001) Biochemical functions of coenzyme . J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 20, 591-598. DOI |
79 | Baggio E, Gandini R, Plancher AC, Passeri M, Carmosino G. (1994) Italian multicenter study on the safety and efficacy of coenzyme as adjunctive therapy in heart failure. Molec. Aspects. Meds. Suppl. 15, 287-294. DOI ScienceOn |
80 | Beal MF. (2005) Mitochondria take center stage in aging and neurodegeneration. Ann. Neurol. 58, 495- 505. DOI ScienceOn |
81 | Beal MF, Kowall NW, Swartz KJ, Ferrante RJ,Martin JB. (1988) Systemic approaches to modifying quinolinic acid striatal lesions in rats. J. Neurosci. 10, 3901-3908. |
82 | Beal MF, Henshaw R, Jenkins BG, Rosen BR, Schulz JB.(1994) Coenzyme and nicotinamide blocks striatal lesions produced by the mitochondrial toxin malonate. Ann. Neurol. 36, 882-888. DOI ScienceOn |
83 | Beal MF. (1995) Aging, energy and oxidative stress in neurodege-nerative diseases. Ann. Neurol. 38, 357- 366. DOI ScienceOn |
84 | Beal MF, Matthews RT. (1997a) Coenzyme in the central nervous system and its potential usefulness in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Mol. Aspects Med.18, 169-179. DOI ScienceOn |
85 | Beal MF, Ferrante RJ, Browne SE, Matthews RT, Kowall NW, Brown RH. (1997b) Increased 3-nitrotyrosine in both sporadic and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 42, 644-654. DOI ScienceOn |
86 | Beal MF. (1999a) Mitochondria, NO and neurodegeneration. Biochem. Soc. Symp. 66, 43-54. DOI |
87 | Beal MF. (1999b) Coenzyme administration and its potential for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Biofactors. 9, 261-266. |
88 | Benecke R, Strumper P, Weiss H. (1993) Electron transfer complexes I and IV of platelets are abnormal in Parkinson’s disease but normal in Parkinson-plus syndromes. Brain. 116, 1451-1463. DOI ScienceOn |
89 | Ahmad M, Saleem S, Ahmad AS, Yousuf S, Ansari MA, Khan MB, Ishrat T, Chaturvedi RK, Agrawal, AK, Islam F. (2005) Ginkgo biloba affords dosedependent protection against 6-hydroxydopamineinduced Parkinsonism in rats: neurobehavioural, neurochemical and immunohistochemical evidences. J. Neurochem. 93, 94-104. DOI ScienceOn |
90 | Andrich J, Saft C, Gerlach M, Schneider B, Arz A, Kuhn W, Muller T. (2004). Coenzyme serum levels in Huntington’s disease. J. Neural. Transm. Suppl. 68, 111-116. |
91 | Ansari MA, Ahmad AS, Ahmad M, Salim S, Yousuf S, Ishrat T, Islam F. (2004) Selenium protects cerebral ischemia in rat brain mitochondria. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 101, 73-86. DOI ScienceOn |
92 | Arroyo A, Kagan VE, Tyurin VA, Burgess JR, De Cabo R, Navas P, Villalba JM. (2000) NADH and NADPH-dependent reduction of coenzyme Q at the plasma membrane. Antioxid. Redox. Signal. 2, 251-262. DOI ScienceOn |
93 | Spindler M, Beal MF, Henchcliffe C. (2009) Department of Neurology, Coenzyme effects in neurodegenerative disease. Neuropsychiatr Dis. Treat. 5, 597-610. |
94 | Stocker R, Pollicino C, Gay CA. (1991) Neither plasma coenzyme concentration, nor its decline during pravastatin therapy, is linked to recurrent cardiovascular disease events: A prospective casecontrol study from the LIPID study. |
95 | Tran MT, Mitchell TM, Kennedy DT, Giles JT. (2001) Role of coenzyme in chronic heart failure, angina, and hypertension. Pharmacother. 21, 797-806. DOI ScienceOn |
96 | Thomas SR, Stocker R. (2000) Mechanisms of antioxidant action of ubiquinol-10 for low density lipoprotein. pp 131-150 in Coenzyme Q: Molecular mechanisms in health and disease. 9, 131-150. |
97 | Traynor BJ, Bruijn L, Conwit R, Beal FO, Neill G, Fagan SC, Cudkowicz ME. (2006) Neuroprotective agents for clinical trials in ALS: a systematic assessment. Neurology. 67, 20-27. DOI |
98 | Zhang Y, Aberg F, Appelkvist EL, Dallner G, Ernster L. (1995) Uptake of dietary coenzyme Q supplement is limited in rats. J. Nutr. 125, 446-453. |
99 | Shults CW, Oakes D, Kieburtz K, Beal MF, Haas R. (2002) Effects of coenzyme in early Parkinson disease: evidence of slowing of the functional decline. Arch. Neurol, 59, 1541-1550. DOI ScienceOn |
100 | Shults CW, Haas RH, Beal MF. (1999) A possible role of coenzyme in the etiology and treatment of Parkinson’s disease. BioFactors, 9, 267-272. DOI |
101 | Soderberg M, Edlund JA, Alafuzoff I, Kristensson K, Dallner G. (1992) Lipid composition in different regions of the brain in Alzheimer’s disease/senile dementia of Alzheimer’s type. J. Neurochem. 59, 1646-1653. DOI ScienceOn |
102 | Soja AM, Mortensen SA. (1997) Treatment of congestive heart failure with coenzyme illuminated by meta-analyses of clinical trials. Mol Aspects Med 18, 159-168. DOI ScienceOn |
103 | Sohal RS. (2004) Coenzyme Q and vitamin E interactions. Methods Enzymol. 378, 146-151. DOI ScienceOn |
104 | Sohal RS, Dubey A. (1994) Mitochondrial oxidative damage, hidrogen peroxide release and aging. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 16, 621-626. DOI ScienceOn |
105 | Sohal RS, Forster MJ. (1997) Coenzyme Q, oxidative stress and aging. Mitochondrion. 7, suppl.103-111. |
106 | Sohmiya M, Tanaka M, Tak NW, Yanagisawa M, Tanino Y, Suzuki Y, Okamoto K, Yamamoto Y. Redox status of plasma coenzyme indicates elevated systemic oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease. J. Neurol. Sci. 223, 161-166. |
107 | Somayajulu M, Mccarthy S, Hung M, Sikorska M, Borowy-Borowski H, Pandey S. (2005) Role of mitochondria in neuronal cell death induced by oxidative stress; neuroprotection by Coenzyme . Neurobiol. Dis. 18, 618-627. DOI ScienceOn |
108 | Sorenson EJ, Stalker AP, Kurland LT, Windebank AJ. (2002) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Neurology, 59, 280-282. DOI ScienceOn |
109 | Rauscher FM, Sanders RA, Watkins JB. (2001) Effects of coenzyme treatment on antioxidant pathways in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. 15, 41-46. DOI ScienceOn |
110 | Rebrin I, Sohal RS. (2004) Distribution and measurement of coenzyme Q. Methods Enzymol. 378, 146-151. DOI ScienceOn |
111 | Rosenfeldt FL, Haas SJ, Krum H, Hadjm AK, Leong JY, Watts GF. (2007). Coenzyme in the treatment of hypertension: a meta-analysis of the clinical trials. J. Human Hypertension. 21, 297-306. DOI |