Browse > Article

An Overview of Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction Schemes for OFDM Signals  

Lim, Dae-Woon (Department of the Information and Communication Engineering, Dongguk University)
Heo, Seok-Joong (Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer SCience, Seoul National University, INMC)
No, Jong-Seon (Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer SCience, Seoul National University, INMC)
Publication Information
Journal of Communications and Networks / v.11, no.3, 2009 , pp. 229-239 More about this Journal
Abstract
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been adopted as a standard for various high data rate wireless communication systems due to the spectral bandwidth efficiency, robustness to frequency selective fading channels, etc. However, implementation of the OFDM system entails several difficulties. One of the major drawbacks is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which results in intercarrier interference, high out-of-band radiation, and bit error rate performance degradation, mainly due to the nonlinearity of the high power amplifier. This paper reviews the conventional PAPR reduction schemes and their modifications for achieving the low computational complexity required for practical implementation in wireless communication systems.
Keywords
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM); partial transmit sequences (PTS); peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR); selected mapping (SLM); tone reservation (TR);
Citations & Related Records

Times Cited By Web Of Science : 0  (Related Records In Web of Science)
Times Cited By SCOPUS : 0
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 S. H. Muller, R. W. Bauml, R. F. H. Fischer, and J. B. Huber, 'OFDM with reduced peak to average power ratio by multiple signal representation,' Ann. Telecommun., vol. 52, no. 1-2, pp. 58-67, Feb. 1997
2 K. G. Paterson and V. Tarohk, 'On the existence and construction of good codes with low peak to average power ratios,' IEEE Trans. Inf Theory，vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 1974-1987, Sept. 2000   DOI   ScienceOn
3 J. Amstrong, 'Peak to average power reduction for OFDM by repeated clipping and fequency domain filtering,' IEE Electron. Lett., vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 246-247, Feb. 2002   DOI   ScienceOn
4 M. Pauli and H. P. Kuchenbecker, 'Minimization of the intermodulation distortion of a nonlinearly amplified OFDM signal,' Wireless Pers. Commun., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 93-101, Jan. 1997   DOI   ScienceOn
5 H. Leε and S. W. Golomb, 'A new construction of 64-QAM Golay complementary sequences,' IEEE Trans. lnf. Theory, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 1663-1670, Apr. 2006   DOI   ScienceOn
6 D.-W. Lim, S.-J. Heo, J.-S. No, and H. Chung, 'On the phase sequence set of SLM OFDM scheme for a crest factor reduction,' IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 1931-1935, May 2006   DOI   ScienceOn
7 D. -W. Lim, H.-S. Noh, J.-S. No, and D.-J. Shin, "Near optimal PRT set selection algorithm for tone reservation in OFDM system," IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 454-460, Sept. 2008   DOI   ScienceOn
8 D.L.Jones, 'Peak power reduction in OFDM and DMT via active channel modification,' in Proc. IEEE ACSSC, vol. 2, 1999, pp. 1076-1079   DOI
9 B. S. Krongold and D.L. Jones, 'PAR reduction in OFDM via active constellation extension,' IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol 49, no. 3, pp. 258-268, Sept. 2002   DOI   ScienceOn
10 A. Saul, 'Generalized active constellation extension for peak reduction in OFDM systems,' in Proc. IEEE ICC, vol. 3, 2005, pp. 1974-1979   DOI
11 W. S. Ho, A. S. Madhukumar, and F. Chin, "Peak to average power reduction using partial transmit sequences: A suboptimal approach based on dual layered phase sequencing," IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 225-231, June 2003   DOI   ScienceOn
12 C, Tekkanbyram, 'Improved phase factor computation for the PAR reduction of OFDM signals using PTS,' IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 135-137, Apr. 2001   DOI   ScienceOn
13 D.-W. Lim, H.-S. Noh, H.-B. Jeon, J.-S. No and D.-J. Shin, 'Multi-stage TR scheme for PAPR reduction in OFDM signals,' IEEE Trans. Broadcast., to be published
14 M. C. Chiu, C. H. Zeng, and M. C. Liu, 'Predistorter based on frequency domain estimation for compensation of nonlinear distortion in OFDM systems,' IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 882-892, Mar. 2008   DOI   ScienceOn
15 T. Jiang and G, Zhu, 'Nonlinear' companding transform for reducing peak to average power ratio of OFDM signals,' IEEE Trans, Broadcast., vol. 50, pp. 342-346, Sept. 2004   DOI   ScienceOn
16 H. Nikookar and K. S. Lidsheim, 'Random phase updating algorithm for OFDM transmission with low PAPR,' IEEE Trans, Broadcast., vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 123-128, June 2002   DOI   ScienceOn
17 S._O. Rice, 'Mathematical analysis of random noise,' Bell Syst. J., vol 23, no. 3, pp. 282-332, July 1944
18 K. J. Muhonen, M. Kavehrad, and R. Krishnamoorthy, 'Look-up table techniques for adaptive digital predistortion: A developement and comparison,' IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol.49, pp.1995-2002, Sept. 2000   DOI   ScienceOn
19 D. Di Zenobio, G. Santella, and F. Mazzenga, 'Adaptive linearization of power amplifier in orthogonal multicarrier schemes,' in Proc. IEEE Wireless Commun. Syst. Symp., Nov. 1995, pp. 225-230
20 J. Tellado and J. M. Cioffi, 'PAR reduction in multicarrier transmission systems,' ANSI Document, TIEl.4 Technical Subcommittee, no. 97-367, pp. 1-14, Dec. 8, 1997
21 D.-W.Lim, S.-J. Heo, J.-S. No, and H. Chung, 'A new PTS OFDM scheme with low complexity for PAPR reduction,' IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 77-82, Mar. 2006   DOI   ScienceOn
22 C.-L. Wang and Y. Ouyang, 'Low-complexity selected mapping schemes for peak-to-average power ratio reduction in OFDM systems,' IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 53, no. 12, pp. 4652-4660, Dec. 2005   DOI   ScienceOn
23 D.-W. Lim, C.-W. Lim, J.-S. No, and H. Chung, "A new SLM OFDM with low complexity for PAPR reduction," IEEE Signal Process. Lett., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 93-96, Feb. 2005   DOI   ScienceOn
24 H. Saedi, M. Sharif, and F. Marvasti, 'Clipping noise cancellation in OFDM systems using oversampled sígnal reconstruction,' IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 6, pp. 73-75, Feb, 2002   DOI   ScienceOn
25 T. Jiang, Y. Yang, and Y.-H. Song, 'Exponential companding techniques for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems,' IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 244-248, June 2005   DOI   ScienceOn
26 IEEE 802.11a-1999 part (R2003) Part 11: Wireless LAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications: High speed physical layer in the 5 GHz band
27 G. Baudoin and P. Jardin, 'Adaptive polynomial pre-distortion for linearization of power amplifiers in wireless communications and WLAN,' in Proc. IEEE lnt Conf. Trends in Commun., vol.1, July 2001, pp. 157-160
28 N. Chaudhary and L. Cao, 'Non-symmetric decompanding for improved performance of companded OFDM systems,' IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 2803-2806, Aug. 2007   DOI
29 R. O'neil and L. Lopes, 'Envelope variations and spectral splatter in clipped multicarrier signals,' in Proc. IEEE OUNRC, Sept. 1995, pp. 71-75
30 T. May and H. Rohling, 'Reducing the peak to average power ratio in OFDM radio transmission systems,' in Proc. IEEE VTC, May 1998, pp. 2774-2778
31 L. Wang and C. Tellambura, 'An overview of peak to average power ratio reduction techniques for OFDM systems,' in Proc. IEEE ISSPIT, 2006, pp.840-845   DOI
32 H. Ochiai and H. Imai, 'On the distribution of the peak to average power ratio in OFDM signals,' IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 282-289, Feb. 2001   DOI   ScienceOn
33 L. Cimini 'Analysis and simulation of a digital mobile channel using OFDM,' IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. com-33, no. 7, July 1985
34 X. Wang, T. T. Tjhung, and C. S. Ng, 'Reduction of peak to average power ratio of ODFM system using a companding technique,' IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 45, pp. 303-307, Sept. 1999   DOI   ScienceOn
35 W. Y. Zou and Y. Wu, 'COFDM: An overview,' IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 1-8, Mar. 1995   DOI   ScienceOn
36 T. Jiang and Y. W. Wu, 'An overview: Peak to average power ratio reduction techniques for OFDM signals,' IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 257-268, June 2008   DOI   ScienceOn
37 X. Li and L. J. Cimini Jr., 'Effects of clipping and filtering on the performance of OFDM,' IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 131-133, May 1998   DOI   ScienceOn
38 M. Blachman, "The output signals and noise from a nonlinearity with amplitude-dependent phase shift," IEEE Trans. lnf Theory，vol. 25, pp. 77-79, Jan. 1979   DOI
39 W. G. Jeon , K. H. Chang, and Y. S. Cho, 'An adaptive data predistorter for compensation of nonlinear distortion in OFDM systems,' IEEE Trans Commun., vol. 45, pp. 1167-1171, Oct. 1997   DOI   ScienceOn
40 E. Costa, M. Midro, and S. Pupolin, 'Impact of amplifier nonlinearities on OFDM transmission system performance,' IEEE Commun Lett., vol. 3, pp.37-39, Feb. 1999   DOI   ScienceOn
41 S. G. Kang and J. G. Kim, 'A novel subblock partition scheme for partial transmit sequence OFDM,' IEEE Trans. Broadcast. , vol. 45, no. 3, pp 333-338, Sept. 1999   DOI   ScienceOn
42 M. Sharif, M. Gharavi-Alkhansari, and B. H. Khalaj, 'On the peak to average power of OFDM signals based on oversampling,' IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 51 , no. 1, pp. 72-78, Jan. 2003   DOI   ScienceOn
43 D. Kim and G. L. Stuber, 'Clipping noise mitigation for OFDM by decision-aided reconstruction,' IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 3, pp. 4-6, Jan. 1999   DOI   ScienceOn
44 O. Kwon and Y. Ha, 'Multi-carrier PAP reduction method using suboptimal PTS with threshold,' IEEE Trans, Broadcast., vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 232-236, June 2003   DOI   ScienceOn
45 S. H. Han and J. H. Lee, 'An overview of peak to average power ratio reduction techniques for multicarrier transmission,' IEEE Wireless Commun., vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 257-268, Sept. 1999
46 H. Chen and A. M. Haimovich, 'Iterative estimation and cancellation of clipping noise for OFDM signals,' IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 7, pp. 305-307, July 2003   DOI   ScienceOn
47 H. Besbes and T. Le-Ngoc, 'A fast adaptive predistorter for nonlinearly amplified M-QAM signals,' in Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM, vol.1, Nov. 2000, pp.l08-112
48 S. H. Crandall, 'Zero crossings, peaks, and other statistical measures of random responses," J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., vol. 35, no. 11, pp. 1693-1699, Nov. 1963   DOI
49 J. A. Davis and J. Jedwab, 'Peak-to-mean power control in OFDM, Golay complementary sequences, and Reed-Muller codes,' IEEE Trans. lnf. Theory, vol. 45, no. 7, pp. 2397-2417, Nov. 1999   DOI   ScienceOn
50 T. Jiang, W. Yao, P. Guo, Y. Song, and D. Qu, 'Two novel nonlinear com panding schemes with iterative receiver to reduce PAPR in multi-carrier modulation systems,' IEEE Trans. Broadcasl., vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 268-273, June 2006   DOI   ScienceOn
51 S.-J. Heom H.-S. Noh, J.-S. No, and D.-J. Shin, "A modified SLM scheme with low complexity for PAPR reduction of OFDM systems," IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 804-808, Dec. 2007   DOI   ScienceOn
52 R. V. Nee and A. D. Wild, 'Reducing the peak to average power ratio of OFDM,' in Proc. IEEE VTC, vol. 43, May. 1998, pp. 18-21
53 J. Tellado and J. M. Cioffi, Multicarrier Modulation with Low PAR, Application to DSL and Wireless, Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2000
54 H. Ochiai and H. Imai, 'Performance of the deliberate clipping with adaptive symbol selection for strictly band-limited OFDM systems,' IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 18, no. 11, Nov. 2000
55 Y. Ding, L. Sun, and A. Sano, 'Adaptive nonlinearity predistortion schemes with application to OFDM system,' in Proc. IEEE Control Applications, vol. 2, June 2003, pp. 1130-1135   DOI
56 M. Jin, S. Kim, D. Oh, and J. Kim, 'Reduced order RLS polynomial predistortion,' in Proc. IEEE ISCAS, vol. 4, May 2003, pp. 333-336   DOI