Browse > Article

The decreased molar ratio of phytate:zinc improved zinc nutriture in South Koreans for the past 30 years (1969-1998)  

Do, Mi-Sook (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Andong National University)
Lomeda, Ria-Ann R. (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Andong National University)
Cho, Young-Eun (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Andong National University)
Kwun, In-Sook (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Andong National University)
Publication Information
Nutrition Research and Practice / v.1, no.4, 2007 , pp. 356-362 More about this Journal
Abstract
For the assessment of representative and longitudinal Zn nutriture in South Koreans, Zn, phytate and Ca intakes were determined using four consecutive years of food consumption data taken from Korean National Nutrition Survey Report (KNNSR) every 10 years during 1969-1998. The nutrient intake data are presented for large city and rural areas. Zn intake of South Koreans in both large city and rural areas was low during 1969-1988 having values between 4.5-5.6 mg/d, after then increased to 7.4 (91% Estimated Average Requirements for Koreans, EAR = 8.1 mg/d) and 6.7 mg/d (74% EAR) in 1998 in large city and rural areas, respectively. In 1968, Zn intake was unexpectedly higher in rural areas due to higher grain consumption, but since then until 1988 Zn intake was decreased and increased back in 1998. Food sources for Zn have shifted from plants to a variety of animal products. Phytate intake of South Koreans during 1969-1978 was high mainly due to the consumption of grains and soy products which are major phytate sources, but decreased in 1998. The molar ratios of phytate:Zn and millimmolar ratio of phytate${\times}$Ca:Zn were decreased due to the decreased phytate intake in South Koreans, which implies higher zinc bioavailability. The study results suggest that Zn nutriture has improved by increased dietary Zn intakes and the decreased molar ratio of phytate:Zn in South Koreans in both large city and rural areas.
Keywords
Zn and phytate intake; Korean National Nutrition Survey Report (KNNSR); molar ratio of phytate:Zn; millimolar ratio of phytate${\times}$Ca:Zn; South Korean;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Harland BF & Harland J (1980) Fermentative reduction of phytate in rye, white, and whole wheat breads. Cereal Chem. 57, 226-229
2 Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare (1996) Korean Food Composition Table. Food and Drug Safety Section
3 Korean Nutrition Society (1995) Recommended Dietary Allowances for Koreans, $6^{th}$ rev. ed., Seoul: The Korean Nutrition Society
4 Lonnerdal B (2000) Dietary factors influencing Zn absorption. J Nutr 130 (suppl) 1378S-83S
5 Morris ER & Ellis R (1980) Effect of dietary phytate/Zn molar ratio on growth and bone Zn response of rats fed semipurified diets. J Nutr. 110, 1037-1039   DOI
6 National Academy Science (2002) Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) Report (USA). http://www.nap.edu
7 UK Food Standards Agency and the Departments of Health by the Office for National Statistics and Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research (2004) The National Diet & Nutrition Survey: adults aged 19 to 64 years, Volume 5. London: TSO
8 Graf E & Eaton JW (1984) Effects of Phytate on Mineral Bioavailability in Mice. J Nutr 114:1192-1198   DOI
9 Ministry of Health and Welfare of Republic of Korea & Korean Nutrition Society (1971, 1980, 1990, 2000) National Nutrition Survey Reports. Ministry of Health and Welfare of Republic of Korea & Korean Nutrition Society. Seoul, Republic of Korea
10 Harland BF & Oberleas D (1977) A modified method for phytate analysis using an ion-exchange procedure: application to textured vegetable proteins. Cereal Chem 54, 827-830
11 Oberleas D, Muhrer ME & O'Dell BL (1966) The availability of Zn from foodstuffs, in Zn metabolism, pp. 225-238 [AS Prasad, editor] Springfield: Academic Press
12 Oberleas D & Harland BF (1981) Phytate content of foods: Effect on dietary Zn bioavailability. J Am Diet Assoc 79, 433-436
13 Gibson RS (2006) Zn: the missing link in combating micronutrient malnutrition in developing countries. Proc Nutr Soc 65, 51-60
14 Korean National Rural Living Science Institute (1996) Korean Food Composition Table Fifth revision
15 Lonnerdal B, Hendrickx D, Burns RA & Keen CL (1988) Effect of phytate removal on Zn absorption from soy formula. Am J Clin Nutr. 48, 1301-1306   DOI
16 O'Dell BL, Burpo CE & Savage JE (1972) Evaluation of Zn availability in foodstuffs of plant and animal origin. J Nutr. 102, 653-660   DOI
17 Ma G, Li Y, Jin Y, Zhai F, Kok FJ & Yang X (2007) Phytate intake and molar ratios of phtate to Zn, iron and calcium in the diets of people in China. Eur J Clin Nutr advance online publication, 23 August 2006
18 Hall MJ, Downs L, Ene MD & Farah D (1989) Effect of reduced phytate wheat bran on Zn absorption. Eur J Clin Nutr 43, 431-440
19 Kwun IS & Kwon CS (2000). Dietary molar ratios of phytate : Zn and millimolar ratios of phytate x Ca : Zn in South Koreans. Biol Trace Ele Res 75, 29-41   DOI   ScienceOn
20 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture (2005) Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 6th Edition, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, January 2005
21 Fuglie KO (2004) Challenging Bennet's Law: the new economics of starchy staples in Asia. Food Policy 29:187-202   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Fitzgerald SL, Gibson RS, Quan de Serrano J, Portocarrero L, Vasquez A, de Zepeda E, Lopez-Palacios CY, Thompson LU, Stephen AM, Solomons NW (1993) Trace element intakes and dietary phytate/Zn and Ca x phytate/Zn millimolar ratios of periurban Guatemalan women during the third trimester of pregnancy. Am J Clin Nutr 57:195-201   DOI
23 Nam GY (2001) Analysis of phytate content in Koreans food items and effect of cooking on phytate content and zinc bioavailability in Korean diet. MS Thesis, Seoul National University
24 Korean Dietetic Association (1998) Nutrition Anywhere Database $1^{st}$ edition. Seoul, Republic of Korea
25 Rimbach G, Brandt K, Most E & Pallanf J (1995) Supplemental phytic acid and microbial phytase change zinc bioavailability and cadmium accumulation in growing rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 9:117-122   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Harland BF & Oberleas D (1987) Phytate in foods. World Rev Nutr Diet 52, 235-59
27 Sandstrom B, Almgren A, Kivisto B & Cederblad A (1987) Zn absorption in humans from meals based on rye, barley, oatmeal, triticale and whole wheat. J Nutr. 117, 1898-1902   DOI
28 Gibson RS, Smit Vaderkooy PD & Thompson L (1991) Dietary phytate x Ca/Zn millimolar ratios and Zn nutriture in some Ontario preschool children, Biol. Trace Element Res Biol Trace Ele Res 30, 87-94   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Lee JY, Paik HY & Joung H (1998) Supplementation of Zn nutrient database and evaluation of Zn intake of Korean adults living in rural area. Korean Journal of Nutrition 31, 1324-1337
30 US Department of Agriculture (1976-92) Composition of foods (Agriculture Handbook, No. 8.1-8.21)
31 Ma G, Jin Y, Piao J. Kok F, Guusje B & Jacobsen E (2005) Phytate, calcium, iron and Zn contents and their molar ratios in foods commonly consumed in China. J Agric Food Chem 53:10285-19290   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Korean Nutrition Society (2006) Computer Aided Nutritional (CAN-Pro) Analysis Program Software, version 3.0 for 2005 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (2005 KDRI)
33 Liebman M & Landis W (1988) Comparison to Ca provided by cheese, and to assess the overall Zn bioavailability of tofucompared to cheese-containing diets. Nutr Res 47, 6-14
34 Sandstead HH (1991) Assessment of zinc nutriture. J Lab Clin Med. 118:299-300
35 Korean Nutrition Society (2000) Recommended Dietary Allowances for Koreans, $7^{th}$ rev. ed., Seoul: The Korean Nutrition Society