Immunomodulatory effect of mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem-cell-derived exosomes for COVID-19 treatment |
Jayaramayya, Kaavya
(Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University)
Mahalaxmi, Iyer (Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women) Subramaniam, Mohana Devi (SN ONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya campus) Raj, Neethu (Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University) Dayem, Ahmed Abdal (Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University) Lim, Kyung Min (Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University) Kim, Se Jong (Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University) An, Jong Yub (Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University) Lee, Yoonjoo (Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University) Choi, Yujin (Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University) Kirubhakaran, Arthi (Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University) Cho, Ssang-Goo (Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University) Vellingiri, Balachandar (Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University) |
1 | Fan Y, Herr F, Vernochet A, Mennesson B, Oberlin E and Durrbach A (2019) Human fetal liver mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome impair natural killer cell function. Stem Cells Dev 28, 44-55 DOI |
2 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Clinical Trial to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Administration of Allogeneic Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Expanded Adipose Tissue in Patients With Severe Pneumonia Due to COVID-19. ClinicalTrials. gov Identifier: NCT04366323. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04366323. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
3 | Clinicaltrials.gov. A Clinical Trial to Determine the Safety and Efficacy of Hope Biosciences Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy (HB-adMSCs) to Provide Protection Against COVID-19. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04349631. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04349631. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
4 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment for Pneumonia Patients Infected With COVID-19. Clinical-Trials.gov Identifier: NCT04252118. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04252118. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
5 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Treatment With Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04288102 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04288102?term=Treatment+With+Mesenchymal+Stem+Cells++for+Severe+Corona+Virus+Disease+2019+%28COVID-19%29&draw=2&rank=1. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
6 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment for Severe Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04346368. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04346368. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
7 | Domenis R, Cifu A, Quaglia S et al (2018) Pro inflammatory stimuli enhance the immunosuppressive functions of adipose mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes. Sci Rep 8, 13325 DOI |
8 |
Song Y, Dou H, Li X et al (2017) Exosomal miR-146a contributes to the enhanced therapeutic efficacy of interleukin- |
9 | Chen W, Huang Y, Han J et al (2016) Immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stromal cells-derived exosome. Immunol Res 64, 831-840 DOI |
10 | Ji L, Bao L, Gu Z et al (2019) Comparison of immunomodulatory properties of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and dental pulp stem cells. Immunol Res 67, 432-442 DOI |
11 | Wang W, He J and Wu S (2020) The definition and risks of cytokine release syndrome-like in 11 COVID-19-infected pneumonia critically ill patients: disease characteristics and retrospective analysis. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.26.20026989 |
12 | Tufan A, Guler AA and Matucci-Cerinic M (2020) COVID-19, immune system response, hyperinflammation and repurposing antirheumatic drugs. Turk J Med Sci 50, 620-632 DOI |
13 | Sakaguchi S, Miyara M, Costantino CM and Hafler DA (2010) FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in the human immune system. Nat Rev Immunol 10, 490-500 DOI |
14 | Zbinden-Foncea H, Francaux M, Deldicque L and Hawley JA (2020) Does high cardiorespiratory fitness confer some protection against pro-inflammatory responses after infection by SARS-CoV-2? Obesity. doi: 10.1002/oby.22849 |
15 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Safety and Effectiveness of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Pneumonia of Coronavirus Disease 2019. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04371601.https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04371601. Accessed on 26th June 2020 |
16 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Study of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Severe COVID-19. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04273646. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04273646. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
17 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Clinical Research of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of COVID-19 Pneumonia. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04339660. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04339660. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
18 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for SARS-CoV-2-related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04366063. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04366063. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
19 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Role of Immune and Inflammatory Response in Recipients of Allogeneic Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT) Affected by Severe COVID19. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04349540. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04349540. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
20 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Use of UC-MSCs for COVID-19 Patients. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04355728. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04355728. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
21 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Efficacy and Safety Study of Allogeneic HB-adMSCs for the Treatment of COVID-19. ClinicalTrials. gov Identifier: NCT04362189. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04362189. Accessed on 26th June 2020 |
22 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Treatment of COVID-19 patients using Wharton's Jelly- Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ClinicalTrials. gov Identifier: NCT04313322. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04313322. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
23 | Mardpour S, Hamidieh AA, Taleahmad S, Sharifzad F, Taghikhani A and Baharvand H (2019) Interaction between mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles and immune cells by distinct protein content. J Cellular Physiol 234, 8249-8258 DOI |
24 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Safety and Efficacy study of Allogenic Human Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Treat Severe COVID-19 Patients. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04336254. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04336254. Accessed on 16th July 2020. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
25 | Clinicaltrials.gov. NestCell Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Treat Patients with Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia. ClinicalTrials. gov Identifier: NCT04315987. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04315987.Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
26 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Novel Coronavirus Induced Severe Pneumonia Treated by Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04302519. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04302519. Accessed on 26th June 2020 |
27 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Treatment of Covid-19 Associated Pneumonia with Allogenic Pooled Olfactory Mucosa-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04382547. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04382547. Accessed on 26th June 2020 |
28 | He Ping (2019) AB0291E the effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes on chemokines in collagen-induced arthritis rats. BMJ 1606-1606 |
29 | Baharlooi H, Azimi M, Salehi Z and Izad M (2020) Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: A Promising therapeutic ace card to address autoimmune diseases. Int J Stem Cells 13, 13-23 DOI |
30 | Du Y, Zhuansun Y, Chen R, Lin L, Lin Y and Li J (2018) Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes promote immunosuppression of regulatory T cells in asthma. Exp Cell Res 363, 114-120 DOI |
31 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Wharton's Jelly Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Due to COVID 19. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04390152. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04390152. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
32 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Treatment With Human Umbilical Cordderived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04288102. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04288102. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
33 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Efficacy of Intravenous Infusions of Stem Cells in the Treatment of COVID-19 Patients. ClinicalTrials. gov Identifier: NCT04437823. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04437823. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
34 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Clinical Use of Stem Cells for the Treatment of Covid-19. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT 04392778. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04392778. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
35 | Khatri M, Richardson LA and Meulia T (2018) Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate influenza virus-induced acute lung injury in a pig model. Stem Cell Res Ther 9, 17 DOI |
36 | Fujita Y, Kosaka N, Araya J, Kuwano K and Ochiya T (2015) Extracellular vesicles in lung microenvironment and pathogenesis. Trends Mol Med 21, 533-542 DOI |
37 | Barani B, Rajasingh S and Rajasingh J (2017) Exosomes: Outlook for future cell-free cardiovascular disease therapy. Adv Exp Med Biol 2017, 285-307 |
38 | Tsuji K, Kitamura S and Wada J (2018) Secretomes from mesenchymal stem cells against acute kidney injury: possible heterogeneity. Stem Cells Int 2018, 8693137 DOI |
39 | Clinicaltrials.gov. MSCs in COVID-19 ARDS .Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT04371393 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04371393. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
40 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Patients With Respiratory Distress Due to COVID-19 (COVIDMES). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04390139. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04390139. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
41 | Chen J, Hu C, Chen L et al (2020) Clinical study of mesenchymal stem cell treating acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by epidemic Influenza A (H7N9) infection, a hint for COVID-19 treatment. Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2020.02.006 |
42 | Vikram S, Sascha S, Angel L et al (2020) Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as treatment for severe COVID-19. Stem Cells Dev 29, 747-754 DOI |
43 | Leng Z, Zhu R, Hou W et al (2020) Transplantation of ACE2-mesenchymal stem cells improves the outcome of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Aging Dis 11, 216-228 DOI |
44 |
Clinicaltrials.gov. |
45 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Cellular Immuno-Therapy for COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome - Vanguard (CIRCA-19). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04400032. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04400032. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
46 | Clinicaltrials.gov. ACT-20 in Patients With Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04398303. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04398303. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
47 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Mesenchymal Stem Cell for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Due for COVID-19 (COVID-19). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04416139. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04416139. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
48 | Kim K, Gil M, Dayem AA et al (2020) Improved isolation and culture of urine-derived stem cells (USCs) and enhanced production of immune cells from the USC-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. J Clin Med 9, 827 DOI |
49 | Kim K, Abdal Dayem A, Gil M et al (2020) 3,2'- Dihydroxyflavone Improves the proliferation and survival of human pluripotent stem cells and their differentiation into hematopoietic progenitor cells. J Clin Med 9, 669 DOI |
50 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Cell Therapy Using Umbilical Cordderived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in SARS-CoV-2-related ARDS (STROMA-CoV2) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04333368. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04333368?term=Wharton&results?cond=COVIDcovid-19&draw=2&rank=2.term=stem+cell&cntry=&state=&city=&dist=. Accessed on 26th June 2020 |
51 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Autologous Adipose-derived Stem Cells (AdMSCs) for COVID-19. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04428801. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04428801. Accessed on 26th June 2020 |
52 | Clinicaltrials.gov. A Pilot Clinical Study on Inhalation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exosomes Treating Severe Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04276987.https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04276987. Accessed on 26th June 2020. Accessed on 26th June 2020 |
53 |
Patel SA, Meyer JR, Greco SJ, Corcoran KE and Bryan M, Rameshwar P (2010) Mesenchymal stem cells protect breast cancer cells through regulatory T cells: role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived TGF- |
54 | Muraca M, Pessina A, Pozzobon M et al (2020) Mesenchymal stromal cells and their secreted extracellular vesicles as therapeutic tools for COVID-19 pneumonia?. J Control Release 325, 135-140 DOI |
55 | Tsuchiya A, Takeuchi S, Iwasawa T et al (2020) Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes in severe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. Inflammation and Regeneration 40, 1-6 DOI |
56 | Akkoc T (2020) COVID-19 and mesenchymal stem cell treatment; mystery or not. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1-10 https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2020_557 |
57 | Raffaghello L, Bianchi G, Bertolotto M et al (2008) Human mesenchymal stem cells inhibit neutrophil apoptosis: a model for neutrophil preservation in the bone marrow niche. Stem Cells 26, 151-162 DOI |
58 | Thanunchai M, Hongeng S and Thitithanyanont A (2015) Mesenchymal stromal cells and viral infection. Stem Cells Int 2015, 860950 |
59 | Bari E, Ferrarotti I, Saracino L, Perteghella S, Torre ML and Corsico AG (2020) Mesenchymal stromal cell secretome for severe COVID-19 infections: Premises for the therapeutic use. Cells 9, 924 DOI |
60 | Pinky, Gupta S, Krishnakumar V et al (2020) Mesenchymal stem cell derived exosomes: a nano platform for therapeutics and drug delivery in combating COVID-19. Stem Cell Rev Rep 1-11 doi: 10.1007/s12015-020-10002-z |
61 | O'Driscoll L (2020) Extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells as a Covid-19 treatment. Drug Discovery Today. S1359-6446(20)30170-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2020.04.022 |
62 | Sleem A and Saleh F (2020) Mesenchymal stem cells in the fight against viruses: Face to face with the invisible enemy. Curr Res Transl Med S2452-3186(20)30031-3. doi: 10.1016/j.retram.2020.04.003 |
63 | Harrell CR, Jovicic N, Djonov V et al (2020) Therapeutic Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: From Basic Science to Clinics. Pharmaceutics 12, 474 DOI |
64 | Balachandar V, Mahalaxmi I, Kaavya J et al (2020) COVID-19: emerging protective measures. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 24, 3422-3425 |
65 | Clinicaltrials.gov. A Study of Cell Therapy in COVID-19 Subjects With Acute Kidney Injury Who Are Receiving Renal Replacement Therapy. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04445220 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04445220. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
66 | Lou G, Chen Z, Zheng M and Liu Y (2017) Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as a new therapeutic strategy for liver diseases. Exp Mol Med 49, e346-e346 DOI |
67 | Crivelli B, Chlapanidas T, Perteghella S et al (2017) Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell extracellular vesicles: From active principle to next generation drug delivery system. J Controlled Release 262, 104-117 DOI |
68 | Deffune E, Prudenciatti A and Moroz A (2020) Mesenchymal stem cell (MSc) secretome: a possible therapeutic strategy for intensive-care COVID-19 patients. Med Hypotheses 142, 109769 DOI |
69 | Keshtkar S, Azarpira N and Ghahremani MH (2018) Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: novel frontiers in regenerative medicine. Stem Cell Res Ther 9, 63 DOI |
70 | Lai P, Chen X, Guo L et al (2018) A potent immunomodulatory role of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stromal cells in preventing cGVHD. J Hematol Oncol 11, 135 DOI |
71 | Alvarez V, Sanchez-Margallo FM, Macias-Garcia B et al (2018) The immunomodulatory activity of extracellular vesicles derived from endometrial mesenchymal stem cells on CD4+ T cells is partially mediated by TGFbeta. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 12, 2088-2098 |
72 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Safety and Efficacy of CAStem for Severe COVID-19 Associated With/Without ARDS Clinical-Trials.gov Identifier: NCT04331613. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04331613. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
73 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Study of the Safety of Therapeutic Tx With Immunomodulatory MSC in Adults With COVID-19 Infection Requiring Mechanical Ventilation Clinical-Trials.gov Identifier: NCT04397796. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04397796. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
74 | Shneider A, Kudriavtsev A and Vakhrusheva A (2020) Can melatonin reduce the severity of COVID-19 pandemic? Int Rev Immunol 39, 153-162 DOI |
75 | Guo J, Huang Z, Lin L and Lv J (2020) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Cardiovascular Disease: A viewpoint on the potential influence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers on onset and severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. J Am Heart Assoc 9, e016219 |
76 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Double-Blind, Multicenter, Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of PLX PAD for the Treatment of COVID-19ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04389450. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04389450. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
77 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Stem Cell Educator Therapy Treat the Viral Inflammation in COVID-19. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04299152 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04299152.Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
78 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Therapy for Pneumonia Patients Infected by 2019 Novel Coronavirus ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04293692. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04293692. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
79 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Battle Against COVID-19 Using Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04348461. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04348461. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
80 | Clinicaltrials.gov. ASC Therapy for Patients With Severe Respiratory COVID-19. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04341610. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04341610. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
81 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) in Inflammation-Resolution Programs of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04377334. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04377334. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
82 | Wilson JG, Liu KD, Zhuo H et al (2015) Mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells for treatment of ARDS: a phase 1 clinical trial. Lancet Respir Med 3, 24-32 DOI |
83 | Conti P, Ronconi G, Caraffa A et al (2020) Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and IL-6) and lung inflammation by Coronavirus-19 (COVI-19 or SARS-CoV-2): anti-inflammatory strategies. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 34, 1 |
84 | Zhao Q, Ren H and Han Z (2016) Mesenchymal stem cells: Immunomodulatory capability and clinical potential in immune diseases. J Cell Immunother 2, 3-20 DOI |
85 | Prockop DJ (2017) The exciting prospects of new therapies with mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotherapy 19, 1-8 DOI |
86 | Uccelli A, Moretta L and Pistoia V (2008) Mesenchymal stem cells in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol 8, 726-736 DOI |
87 | Ren G, Zhang L, Zhao X et al (2008) Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated immunosuppression occurs via concerted action of chemokines and nitric oxide. Cell Stem Cell 2, 141-150 DOI |
88 | Waterman RS, Tomchuck SL, Henkle SL and Betancourt AM (2010) A new mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) paradigm: polarization into a pro-inflammatory MSC1 or an Immunosuppressive MSC2 phenotype. PLoS One 5, e10088 DOI |
89 | Vellingiri B, Jayaramayya K, Iyer M et al (2020) COVID-19: A promising cure for the global panic. Sci Total Environ 725, 138277 DOI |
90 | Grasselli G, Zangrillo A, Zanella A et al (2020) Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy region, Italy. JAMA 323, 1574-1581 DOI |
91 | Sun X, Wang T, Cai D et al (2020) Cytokine storm intervention in the early stages of COVID-19 pneumonia. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.04.002 |
92 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Induced Acute Respiratory Failure (COVID-19 Disease). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04345601. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04345601. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
93 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Umbilical Cord(UC)-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells(MSCs) Treatment for the 2019-novel Coronavirus (nCOV) Pneumonia. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04269525. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04269525. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
94 | Clinicaltrials.gov. MultiStem Administration for COVID-19 Induced ARDS (MACoVIA) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04367077. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04367077. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
95 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Treatment of Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia with Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (COVID_MSV) Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT04361942. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04361942. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
96 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Repair of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Stromal Cell Administration (REALIST) (COVID-19)ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03042143. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03042143. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
97 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Infusion for COVID-19 Infection. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04444271. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04444271. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
98 | Clinicaltrials.gov. Safety and Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Management of Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia (CELMA). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04429763. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04429763. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
99 | Taghavi-farahabadi, M, Mahmoudi M, Soudi S and Hashemi SM (2020) Hypothesis for the management and treatment of the COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome and lung injury using mesenchymal stem cellderived exosomes. Med Hypotheses 144, 109865 DOI |
100 | Balachandar V, Mahalaxmi I, Devi SM et al (2020) Follow-up studies in COVID-19 recovered patients-is it mandatory? Sci Total Environ 729, 139021 DOI |
101 | Li G, Fan Y, Lai Y et al (2020) Coronavirus infections and immune responses. J Med Virol 92, 424-432 DOI |
102 | Qin C, Zhou L, Hu Z et al (2020) Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa248 |
103 | Iyer M, Jayaramayya K, Subramaniam MD et al (2020) COVID-19: an update on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. BMB Rep 53, 191-205 DOI |
104 | Clinicaltrials.gov. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial to Determine the Safety and Efficacy of Hope Biosciences Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy (HB-adMSCs) to Provide Protection Against COVID-19. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04348435. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04348435. Accessed on 16th July 2020 |
![]() |