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http://dx.doi.org/10.5483/BMBRep.2017.50.1.128

CRISPR as a strong gene editing tool  

Shen, Shengfu (Willston Northampton School)
Loh, Tiing Jen (School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology)
Shen, Hongling (School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology)
Zheng, Xuexiu (School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology)
Shen, Haihong (School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology)
Publication Information
BMB Reports / v.50, no.1, 2017 , pp. 20-24 More about this Journal
Abstract
Clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is a new and effective genetic editing tool. CRISPR was initially found in bacteria to protect it from virus invasions. In the first step, specific DNA strands of virus are identified by guide RNA that is composed of crRNA and tracrRNA. Then RNAse III is required for producing crRNA from pre-crRNA. In The second step, a crRNA:tracrRNA:Cas9 complex guides RNase III to cleave target DNA. After cleavage of DNA by CRISPR-Cas9, DNA can be fixed by Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) and Homology Directed Repair (HDR). Whereas NHEJ is simple and random, HDR is much more complex and accurate. Gene editing by CRISPR is able to be applied to various biological field such as agriculture and treating genetic diseases in human.
Keywords
CRISPR; Gene editing; Homology directed repair; Non-homologous end joining;
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