Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3837/tiis.2021.02.002

Low-cost System with Handheld Analyzer for Optimizing the Position of Indoor Base Stations  

Lee, C.C. (Department of Science, School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong)
Xu, Degang (School of Computer Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science)
Chan, George (Research and Development Department, ASM Pacific Technology Ltd.)
Publication Information
KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS) / v.15, no.2, 2021 , pp. 404-420 More about this Journal
Abstract
In this paper, an automatic system of locating the indoor area with weak or no mobile signal was proposed and demonstrated experimentally by using the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Nowadays, the technicians of mobile services providers need to go along with numerous heavy equipment to measure and record the mobile signal strength at outside environment. Recently, there are systems proposed to do such measurement at outdoor area by using the IoT technology automatically. However, these works could not be applied in the indoor area since there are difficulties to do the indoor mapping and positioning. In this work, the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) was used to tackle these two difficulties. After a proper placement of BLE in the testing site, while the technician walk around with a handheld analyzer, the data can be obtained accordingly for further analysis in the proposed system which includes the construction of floor plan, detection of mobile signal strength and suggestion of indoor base stations. The gift wrapping and centroid algorithms were used during the analysis. The experimental results showed that the proposed system successfully demonstrated the indoor mapping, positioning of weak mobile signal area and suggestion of indoor base stations for the normal rectangular rooms with an area of 100 m2 on single floor.
Keywords
Automatic Testing Equipment; Indoor Base Stations; IoT; Wireless Handheld Devices;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 GPS Accuracy, GPS.gov: GPS Accuracy.
2 An introduction to inertial navigation, 2007.
3 Infsoft blog: Technologies for Server-Based Indoor Positioning Compared: Wi-Fi vs. BLE vs. UWB vs. RFID, infsoft, 1970.
4 Indoor Positioning Systems based on BLE Beacons - Basics, Locatify.
5 Infsoft blog: Indoor Navigation & Indoor Positioning Using Bluetooth, Infsoft.
6 Technology, infsoft.
7 Z. Lv and W. Xiu, "Interaction of Edge-Cloud Computing Based on SDN and NFV for Next Generation IoT," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 5706-5712, July 2020.   DOI
8 K. E. Jeon, J. She, P. Soonsawad, and P. C. Ng, "BLE beacons for Internet of Things applications: Survey, challenges, and opportunities," IEEE Internet Things Journal, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 811-828, Apr. 2018.   DOI
9 Z. Lv and H. Song, "Mobile Internet of Things Under Data Physical Fusion Technology," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 4616-4624, May 2020.   DOI
10 Z. Lv, X. Li, H. Lv, and W. Xiu, "BIM Big Data Storage in WebVRGIS," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 2566-2573, Apr. 2020.   DOI
11 JN Huamao Technology Co., Ltd., Bluetooth 4.0 BLE module, 2018.
12 V. Sohotoo, "A Guide to BLE Beacons FINAL 18 Sept 14," Scribd, 2014.
13 S. Hamzah, S. Ibrahim, M. Zainal, and M. Ismail, "Analysis and Receiving of Downlink GSM Signal Using Spectrum Analyzer," in Proc. of 2005 Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics, 2005.
14 BLE - BLECentral.
15 R. A. Jarvis, "On the identification of the convex hull of a finite set of points in the plane," Information Processing Letters, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 18-21, 1973.   DOI
16 A. A. Omorinoye and Q. Vien "On the Optimisation of Practical Wireless Indoor and Outdoor Microcells Subject to QoS Constraints," Applied Sciences, vol. 7, no. 9, p. 948, 2017.   DOI
17 W. Liu, M. Kulin, T. Kazaz, A. Shahid, I. Moerman, and E. De Poorter, "Wireless Technology Recognition Based on RSSI Distribution at Sub-Nyquist Sampling Rate for Constrained Devices," Sensors, vol. 17, no. 9, p. 2081, 2017.   DOI
18 Y. Zhong, P. Qiao, W. Zhang, and F. Zheng, "No blind spot: network coverage enhancement through joint cooperation and frequency reuse," Journal of Communications and Networks, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 773-783, Oct. 2016.   DOI
19 D. Basu, X. Gui, Y. Zhang, and A. Nag, "Non-Centralised and Non-GPS Navigation Mechanism using IoT sensors: challenges and trade-offs," in Proc. of the 9 th International Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ITNAC), pp. 1-6, 2019.
20 S. Salous, "High bandwidth indoor measurements," in Proc. of 2010 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference, pp. 79-83, 2010.
21 N. N. N. B. Jefri, K. Anuar, and S. Arjunan, "Real time indoor measurement of 2G, 3G and LTE mobile networks in Malaysia," in Proc. of 2016 IEEE 3rd International Symposium on Telecommunication Technologies (ISTT), pp. 19-24, 2016.
22 F. Qamar, M. N. Hindia, K. Dimyati, K. A. Noordin, M. B. Majed, T. A. Rahman, and I. S. Amiri, "Investigation of Future 5G-IoT Millimeter-Wave Network Performance at 38 GHz for Urban Microcell Outdoor Environment," Electronics, vol. 8, no. 5, p. 495, 2019.   DOI
23 F. Hossain, T. Geok, T. Rahman, M. Hindia, K. Dimyati, S. Ahmed, C. Tso, and N. A. Rahman, "An Efficient 3-D Ray Tracing Method: Prediction of Indoor Radio Propagation at 28 GHz in 5G Network," Electronics, vol. 8, no. 3, p. 286, 2019.   DOI
24 J. Goyal, K. Singla, Akashdeep, and S. Singh, "A Survey of Wireless Communication Technologies from 1G to 5G," in Proc. of the 2nd International Conference on Computer Networks and Communication, pp. 613-624, 2020.
25 L. Chen, Z. Huang, Z. Liu, D. Liu, and X. Huang, "4G Network for Air-Ground Data Transmission: A Drone Based Experiment," in Proc. of 2018 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Internet (ICII), pp. 167-168, 2018.