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http://dx.doi.org/10.3837/tiis.2019.02.032

Robust Image Watermarking via Perceptual Structural Regularity-based JND Model  

Wang, Chunxing (School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University)
Xu, Meiling (School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University)
Wan, Wenbo (School of Information and Engineering, Shandong Normal University)
Wang, Jian (School of Information and Engineering, Shandong Normal University)
Meng, Lili (School of Information and Engineering, Shandong Normal University)
Li, Jing (School of Mechanical and Electrical Engneering, Shandong Management University)
Sun, Jiande (School of Information and Engineering, Shandong Normal University)
Publication Information
KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS) / v.13, no.2, 2019 , pp. 1080-1099 More about this Journal
Abstract
A better tradeoff between robustness and invisibility will be realized by using the just noticeable (JND) model into the quantization-based watermarking scheme. The JND model is usually used to describe the perception characteristics of human visual systems (HVS). According to the research of cognitive science, HVS can adaptively extract the structure features of an image. However, the existing JND models in the watermarking scheme do not consider the structure features. Therefore, a novel JND model is proposed, which includes three aspects: contrast sensitivity function, luminance adaptation, and contrast masking (CM). In this model, the CM effect is modeled by analyzing the direction features and texture complexity, which meets the human visual perception characteristics and matches well with the spread transform dither modulation (STDM) watermarking framework by employing a new method to measure edge intensity. Compared with the other existing JND models, the proposed JND model based on structural regularity is more efficient and applicable in the STDM watermarking scheme. In terms of the experimental results, the proposed scheme performs better than the other watermarking scheme based on the existing JND models.
Keywords
STDM; robust JND model; watermarking robustness; structural regularity; direction energy;
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