Grading of Fermented and Dried Cocoa Beans Using Fungal Contamination, Ergosterol Index and Ochratoxin a Production |
Aroyeun, S.O.
(Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB)
Adegoke, G.O. (Department of Food Technology, University of Ibadan) Varga, J. (Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged) Teren, J. (Animal Health and Food Control Station) |
1 | Seitz, L. M., Salier, D. B., Burroughs, R., Mohr, H. E. and Hubard, J. D. 1979. Ergosterol as a measure of fungi growth. Phytopathology 69:1202-1203 DOI |
2 | Abramson, D., Hulasarer, R., York, R. K., White, N. D. G. and Jayas, D. S. 2005. Mycotoxins, ergosterol and odours volatiles in durum wheat during granary storage at 16% and 20% moisture content. J. Stored Products Res. 41:67-76 DOI ScienceOn |
3 | Aroyeun, S. O., Adegoke, G. O., Varga, J., Kocsube, S., Pal, K. and Vagvolgyi, C. 2007. Effect of fermentation and storage on mycotoxigenic fungi, ochratoxin A and aflatoxin B, in cocoa beans from southwestern Nigeria. MaIaysian Cocoa J. 3:35-46 |
4 | Bailly, J. D., Bars, L. E., Pietria, P., Bernard, A. and Lebarsj, G 1999. Evaluation of fluorodensitometric method for analysis of ergosterol as a fungal marker in compound feeds. J. Food Prot. 62:686-690 |
5 | Cahagnier, B. 1998. Moisssures des aliments peu hydrate, 225 pages, Lavoissier, Paris |
6 | Czaczyk, K., Trojanowska, K. and Stachowiak, B. 2002. Inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis in fungal plant pathogens by Bacillus sp. Polish J. Environ. Studies 11, 5:593-597. |
7 | Kadakal, C. and Artik, N. 2004. A new quality parameter in tomato and tomato products: Ergosterol. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 44:349-351 DOI ScienceOn |
8 | Reid, L. M., Nicoi, R. W., Ouellet, T., Savard, M., Miller J. D., Young, J. C., Stewart, D. W. and Schaafsma, A. W. 1999. Interaction of Fusarium eraminearum and F. monitiforme in maize Ears: Disease progress, Fungal biomass and mycotoxin accumulation Phytopathology 89, 11:1028-1037 DOI ScienceOn |
9 | Sashidhar, R. B., Sudershan, R. V., Ramakrishna, Y. and Bhat, R. V. 1989. Rapid and specific method for screening ergosterol as index of fungal contamination in cereal grains. Food Chem. 31:51-56 DOI ScienceOn |
10 | Hippelein, M. and Rugamer, M. 2004. Ergosterol as an indicator of mould growths on building materials, Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 207:379-385 DOI ScienceOn |
11 | Kadakal, C. and Ekincir, N. 2005. Ergosterol as a new quality parameter together with patulin in raw apple juice produced from decayed apples. Food Chem. 90:95-100 DOI ScienceOn |
12 | Lamper, C. S., Teren, J., Bartok, T., Komoroczy, R., Mesterherzy, A. and Sagi, F. 2000. Predicting DON contamination in Fusarium-infected wheat grains via determination of ergosterol content. Cereal Res. Commun. 28, 3:337-344 |
13 | Ng, H. E., Raj, S. S. A., Wong, S. H., Tey, D. and Tan, H. M. 2008. Estimation of fungal growth using the ergosterol assay: a rapid tool in assessing the microbiological status of grains and feeds. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 46:113-118 DOI ScienceOn |
14 | Schnurrer, J. 1993. Comparison of methods for estimating the biomass of three food-borne fungi with different growth patterns. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:552-555 |
15 | Pietri, A. B. and Pallaroni, L. P. 2004. Occurrence of mycotoxin and ergosterol in maize harvested over 5 years in Northern Italy. Food Additive Contam. 21:479-487 DOI ScienceOn |
16 | Pitt, J. L. and Hocking, A. D. 1985. Fungi and food spoilage. Academic press, New York |
17 | Saxena, J., Munimbazi, C. and Bullerman, L. B. 2001. Relationship of mould counts, ergosterol and ochratoxin A production Int. J. Food Microbiol. 71:29-34 DOI ScienceOn |
18 | Schnurrer, J. 1995. Detection and quantification of fungi in foods. Proceedings from the workshop on fungal identification Techniques. Barcelona, 5-8, April, 1995. 153-159 |
19 | Schwardorfk, K. and Muller, H. M. 1980. Determination of ergosterol in cereals mixed food components and mixed feeds by liquid chromatography. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 72:457-462 |
20 | Seitz, L. M., Mohr, H. E., Burroughs, R. and Salier, D. B. 1977. Ergosterol as an indicator of fungal invasion in grains. Cereal Chem. 54:1207-1217 |
21 | Teren, J., Varga, J., Hamari, Z., Rinyu, E. and Kevei, F. 1996. Immunochemical detection of Ochratoxin A in black Aspergillus strains. Mycopatholtogia 134:171-176. DOI ScienceOn |
22 | Varga, J., Kriszina R., Csila, L., Teren, J. and Szabo, G. 2002. Kinetics of ochratoxin A production in different Aspergitlus species. Acta Biologica Hungarica 53, 3:381-388 DOI ScienceOn |