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http://dx.doi.org/10.20307/nps.2018.24.1.28

Pulegone Exhibits Anti-inflammatory Activities through the Regulation of NF-κB and Nrf-2 Signaling Pathways in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells  

Roy, Anupom (Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University)
Park, Hee-Juhn (Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sangji University)
Abdul, Qudeer Ahmed (Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University)
Jung, Hyun Ah (Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University)
Choi, Jae Sue (Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University)
Publication Information
Natural Product Sciences / v.24, no.1, 2018 , pp. 28-35 More about this Journal
Abstract
Pulegone is a naturally occurring organic compound obtained from essential oils from a variety of plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects through the inhibitory mechanism of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX-2), nuclear factor kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways and the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/ heme oxygenase (HO)-1 pathways in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Results revealed that pulegone significantly inhibited NO production as well as iNOS and COX-2 expressions. Meanwhile, western blot analysis showed that pulegone down-regulated LPS-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ and MAPKs activation in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, the selected compound suppressed LPS-induced intracellular ROS production in RAW 264.7 cells, while the expression of stress response gene, HO-1, and its transcriptional activator, Nrf-2 was upregulated upon pulegone treatment. Taking together, these findings provided that pulegone inhibited the LPS-induced expression of inflammatory mediators via the down-regulation iNOS, COX-2, $NF-{\kappa}B$, and MAPKs signaling pathways as well as up-regulation of Nrf-2/HO-1 indicating that pulegone has a potential therapeutic and preventive application in various inflammatory diseases.
Keywords
Pulegone; Anti-inflammation; HO-1; Nrf-2; $NF-{\kappa}B$;
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