Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2018.347

Stabilization of fluorine in soil using calcium hydroxide and its potential human health risk  

Jeong, Seulki (Seoul center, Korea Basic Science Institute)
Kim, Doyoung (Seoul center, Korea Basic Science Institute)
Yoon, Hye-On (Seoul center, Korea Basic Science Institute)
Publication Information
Environmental Engineering Research / v.24, no.4, 2019 , pp. 654-661 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study assessed the stabilization of fluorine (F)-contaminated soil using calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and the consequent changes in human health risk. The bioavailable F decreased to 3.5%, (i.e., 57.9 ± 1.27 mg/kg in 6% Ca(OH)2-treated soil sample) from 43.0%, (i.e., 711 ± 23.4 mg/kg in control soil sample). This resulted from the conversion of water-soluble F to stable calcium fluoride, which was confirmed by XRD spectrometry. Soil ingestion, inhalation of fugitive dust from soil, and water ingestion were selected as exposure pathways for human health risk assessment. Non-carcinogenic risks of F in soils reduced to less than 1.0 after stabilization, ranging from 4.2 to 0.34 for child and from 3.0 to 0.25 for adult. Contaminated water ingestion owing to the leaching of F from soil to groundwater was considered as a major exposure pathway. The risks through soil ingestion and inhalation of fugitive dust from soil were insignificant both before and after stabilization, although F concentration exceeded the Korean soil regulatory level before stabilization. Our data suggested that substantial risk to human health owing to various potential exposure pathways could be addressed by managing F present in soil.
Keywords
Calcium hydroxide; Fluorine; Human health risk assessment; Soil; Stabilization;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Yang K, Jeong S, Jho EH, Nam K. Effect of biogeochemical interactions on bioaccessibility of arsenic in soils of a former smelter site in Republic of Korea. Environ. Geochem. Health 2016;38:1347-1354.   DOI
2 Jeong S, Yang K, Jho EH, Nam K. Importance of chemical binding type between As and iron-oxide on bioaccessibility in soil: Test with synthesized two line ferrihydrite. J. Hazard. Mater. 2017;330:157-164.   DOI
3 An J, Lee HA, Lee J, Yoon HO. Fluorine distribution in soil in the vicinity of an accidental spillage of hydrofluoric acid in Korea. Chemosphere 2015;119:577-582.   DOI
4 Geretharan T, Jeyakumar P, Anderson C, Bretherton M. Effects of soil properties on bioavailability of fluorine to microorganisms [dissertation]. Fertilizer and Lime Research center; Palmerston North: Massey Univ.; 2017.
5 Alpaslan B, Yukselen MA. Remediation of lead contaminated soils by stabilization/solidification. Water. Air. Soil. Pollut. 2002;133:253-263.   DOI
6 Sasaki K, Nagato S, Ideta K, Miyawaki J, Hirajima T. Enhancement of fluoride immobilization in apatite by $Al^{3+}$ additives. Chem. Eng. J. 2017;311:284-292.   DOI
7 Singh TS, Pant K. Solidification/stabilization of arsenic containing solid wastes using portland cement, fly ash and polymeric materials. J. Hazard. Mater. 2006;131:29-36.   DOI
8 Kim SH, Jeong S, Chung H, Nam K. Stabilization mechanism of arsenic in mine waste using basic oxygen furnace slag: The role of water contents on stabilization efficiency. Chemosphere 2018;208:916-921.   DOI
9 Guo F, Ding C, Zhou Z, Huang G, Wang X. Stability of immobilization remediation of several amendments on cadmium contaminated soils as affected by simulated soil acidification. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2018;161:164-172.   DOI
10 Lahori AH, Zhang Z, Guo Z, et al. Potential use of lime combined with additives on (im)mobilization and phytoavailability of heavy metals from Pb/Zn smelter contaminated soils. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 1027;145:313-323.   DOI
11 EPA USA. Solidification/stabilization use at superfund sites in Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Washington D.C.; Technology Innovation Office; 2000.
12 EPA USA. A citizen's guide to solidification and stabilization. Washington D.C.; Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response; 2012.
13 Kang WH, Kim EI, Park JY. Fluoride removal capacity of cement paste. Desalination 2007;202:38-44.   DOI
14 Chen Q, Tyrer M, Hills CD, Yang X, Carey P. Immobilization of heavy metal in cement-based solidification/stabilisation: a review. Waste Manage. 2009;29:390-403.   DOI
15 Ponsot I, Falcone R, Bernardo E. Stabilization of fluorine-containing industrial waste by production of sintered glass-ceramics. Ceram. Int. 2013;39:6907-6915.   DOI
16 Chlopecka A, Adriano DC. Mimicked in-situ stabilization of metals in a cropped soil: Bioavailability and chemical form of zinc. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1996;30:3294-3303.   DOI
17 Jadhav SV, Bringas E, Yadav GD, et al. Arsenic and fluoride contaminated groundwaters: A review of current technologies for contaminants removal. J. Environ. Manage. 2015;162:306-325.   DOI
18 Pickering W. The mobility of soluble fluoride in soils. Environ. Pollut. B. 1985;9:281-308.   DOI
19 Mohapatra M, Anand S, Mishra BK, Giles DE, Singh P. Review of fluoride removal from drinking water. J. Environ. Manage. 2009:91:67-77.   DOI
20 Islam M, Patel R. Evaluation of removal efficiency of fluoride from aqueous solution using quick lime. J. Hazard. Mater. 2007:143:303-310.   DOI
21 Tchomgui-Kamga E, Ngameni E, Darchen A. Evaluation of removal efficiency of fluoride from aqueous solution using new charcoals that contain calcium compounds. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2010;346:494-499.   DOI
22 Walkley A, Black IA. An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 1934;37:29-38.   DOI
23 KMOE (Korea Ministry of Environment). Korean Standard Test Method for Soil. Gwacheon; ECOREA; 2009. (in Korean)
24 Xu L, Luo K, Feng F, Tan JA. Studies on the chemical mobility of fluorine in rocks. Fluoride 2006;39:145-151.
25 EPA USA. Soil screening guidance: Technical background document. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response; Washington D.C.; 1996.
26 KMOE (Korea Ministry of Environment). Soil contaminant risk assessment guidance: 2011-139. Gwacheon, Republic of Korea (in Korean), 2011.
27 Jang JY, Kim SY, Kim SJ, et al. General factors of the Korean exposure factors handbook. J. Prev. Med. Public Health 2014;47:7-17.   DOI
28 U.S. EPA. Risk assessment guidance for superfund (RAGS), Volume I: Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part A), Washington D.C.; Office of Emergency and Remedial Response; 1989.
29 Cowherd C, Muleski GE, Englehart PJ, Gillette DA. Rapid assessment of exposure to particulate emissions from surface contamination sites. Kansas City; Midwest Research Institute; 1984.
30 U.S. EPA. Regional screening table: User's guide. [cited 19 Jan 2017]. Available from: http://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables-november-2017.
31 U.S. EPA. Soil Screening Guidance: User's guide, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response; Washington D.C.; 1996.
32 ASTM. Standard guide for risk-based corrective action applied at petroleum release sites. West Conshokocken; ASTM International; 2010.
33 U.S. EPA. User's Guide for Evaluating Subsurface Vapor Intrusion into Buildings. Washington D.C.; Office of Emergency and Remedial Response; 2004.
34 Tack F, Verloo MG. Chemical speciation and fractionation in soil and sediment heavy metal analysis: A review. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 1995;59:225-238.   DOI
35 Rodriguez L, Ruiz E, Alonso-Azcarate J, Rincon J. Heavy metal distribution and chemical speciation in tailings and soils around a Pb-Zn mine in Spain. J. Environ. Manage. 2009;90:1106-1116.   DOI
36 Kwon E, Lee HA, Kim D, Lee J, Lee S, Yoon HO. Geochemical investigation of fluoride migration in the soil affected by an accidental hydrofluoric acid leakage. J. Soil. Groundw. Environ. 2015;20:65-73.
37 Violante A, Cozzolino V, Perelomov L, Caporale A, Pigna M. Mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals and metalloids in soil environments. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 2010;10:268-292.
38 Markovic M, Takagi S, Chow LC, Frukhtbeyn S. Calcium fluoride precipitation and deposition from 12 mmol/L fluoride solutions with different calcium addition rates. J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 2009;114:293-301.   DOI
39 Aldaco R, Garea A, Irabien A. Calcium fluoride recovery from fluoride wastewater in a fluidized bed reactor. Water Res. 2007;41:810-818.   DOI
40 Chouhan S, Flora S. Arsenic and fluoride: Two major ground water pollutants. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 2010;48:666-678.
41 Li L, Luo KL, Liu YL, Xu YX. The pollution control of fluorine and arsenic in roasted corn in "coal-burning" fluorosis area Yunnan, China. J. Hazard. Mater. 2012;229:57-65.   DOI
42 KMOE (Korea Ministry of Environment). Soil Environment Conservation Act: 11464. Sejong, Republic of Korea (in Korean); 2013.
43 Lim HS, Lee K. Health care plan for hydrogen fluoride spill, Gumi, Korea. J. Korean Med. Sci. 2012;27:1283-1284.   DOI
44 Cronin S, Manoharan V, Hedley M, Loganathan P. Fluoride: eo review of its fate, bioavailability, and risks of fluorosis in grazed pasture systems in New Zealand. New Zeal. J. Agr. Res. 2000;43:295-321.   DOI
45 An J, Kim KH, Yoon HO, Seo J. Application of the wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence technique to determine soil fluorine with consideration of iron content in the matrix. Spectrochim. Acta Part B. At. Spectrosc. 2012;69:38-43.   DOI