Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.6115/ijhe.2012.13.1.71

The Impacts of Sense of Community, Community Provisions, and Acculturation Attitudes on Parental Satisfaction among Korean Immigrants  

Lee, So-Young (Family and Child Studies at Montclair State University)
Publication Information
International Journal of Human Ecology / v.13, no.1, 2012 , pp. 71-87 More about this Journal
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate how a sense of community, community provisions, and acculturation attitudes towards Korean and American cultures are related to Korean immigrant parents' parental satisfaction. 477 surveys, consisting of 291 females and 186 males, were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results showed that a sense of community directly influenced acculturation attitudes toward American culture and parental satisfaction. Acculturation attitudes toward American culture also directly influenced parental satisfaction. A sense of community had significant indirect effects on parental satisfaction. These results imply that a sense of community within a larger community plays an important role in Korean immigrant parents' acquisition of identities as members of a new country. Building a sense of community is also important for them to experience less acculturation stress and become more satisfied with their parenting while adjusting to a new culture. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Keywords
Korean immigrants; acculturation attitudes; sense of community; community provisions; parental satisfaction;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Perkins, D. D., Florin, P., Rich, R. C., Wandersman, A., & Chavis, D. M. (1990). Participation and the social and physical environment of residential blocks: Crime and community context. American Journal of Community Psychology, 18(1), 83-115.   DOI
2 Peterson, N. A., Speer, P. W., & Hughey, J. (2006). Measuring sense of community: A methodological interpretation of the factor structure debate. Journal of Community Psychology, 34(4), 453-469.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Phinney, J. S., Berry, J. W., Vedder, P., & Liebkind, K. (2006). The acculturation experience: Attitudes, identities and behaviors of immigrant youth. In J. W. Berry, J. S. Phinney, D. L. Sam, & P. Vedder (Eds.), Immigrant youth in cultural transition: Acculturation, identity, and adaptation across national contexts (pp.71-116). Mahwah, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
4 Pong, S., Hao, L., & Gardner, E. (2005). The roles of parenting styles and social capital in the school performance of immigrant Asian and Hispanic Adolescents. Social Science Quarterly, 86(4), 928-950.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Trimble, J. E. (2003). Introduction: Social change and acculturation. In K. M. Chun, P. M. Organista, & G. Marín (Eds.), Acculturation: Advances in theory, measurement, and applied research (pp. 3-13). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
6 Usita, P. M., & Blieszner, R. (2002). Immigrant family strengths: Meeting communication challenges. Journal of Family Issues, 23(2), 266-286.   DOI
7 Weiss, R. S. (1974). The provisions of social relationships. In Z. Rubin (Ed.), Doing unto others (pp. 17-26). Englewood Cliffs: NJ: Prentice-Hall.
8 WestEd. (2007). Engaging parents in education: Lessons from five parental information and resource centers: Innovations in education. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Innovation and Improvement. Retrieved June 30, 2008 from http://www.ed.gov/admins/comm/parents/parentinvolve/engagingparents.pdf
9 Wiesenfeld, E. (1996). The concept of 'we': A community social psychology myth?. Journal of Community Psychology, 24(4), 337-346.   DOI
10 Wong, S. T., Yoo, G. J., & Stewart, A. L. (2005). Examining the types of social support and the actual sources of support in older Chinese and Korean immigrants. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 61(2), 105-121.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Rosenbaum, J. L. (1989). Family dysfunction and female delinquency. Crime and Delinquency, 25(1), 31-44.
12 Yeh, C. J., Kim, A. B., Pituc, S. T., & Atkins, M. (2008). Poverty, loss, and resilience: The story of Chinese immigrant youth. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 55(1), 34-48.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Portes, A., Fernández-Kelly, P., & Haller, W. (2005). Segmented assimilation on the ground: The new second generation in early adulthood. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 28(6), 1000-1040.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Roer-Strier, D., Strier, R., Este, D., Shimoni, R., & Clark, D. (2005). Fatherhood and immigration: Challenging the deficit theory. Child and Family Social Work, 10, 315-329.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Sabatelli, R. M., & Waldron, R. J. (1995). Measurement issues in the assessment of the experiences of parenthood. Journal of Marriage and Family, 57(4), 969-989.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Seipel, M. M. O. (1988). Locus of control as related to life experiences of Korean immigrants. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 12, 61-71.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Tartaglia, S. (2006). A preliminary study for a new model of sense of community. Journal of Community Psychology, 34(1), 25-36.   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Sonn, C. C. (2002). Immigrant adaptation: Understanding the process through sense of community. In A. T. Fisher, C. C. Sonn & B. J. Bishop (Eds.), Psychological sense of community: Research, applications, and implications. (pp. 205-222): Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
19 Spencer, M. B. (2001). Resiliency and fragility factors associated with the contextual experiences of low resource urban African American male youth and familie. In A. Booth & A. C. Crouter (Eds.), Does it take a village? Community effects on children, adolescents, and families (pp. 51-77). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
20 Tadmor, C. T., & Tetlock, P. E. (2006). Biculturalism: A model of the effects of second-culture exposure on acculturation and integrative complexity. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 37(2), 173-190.
21 Nauck, B. (2001a). Intercultural contact and intergenerational transmission in immigrant families. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32(2), 159-173.   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Nauck, B. (2001b). Social capital, intergenerational transmission and intercultural contact in immigrant families. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 32(4), 465-488.
23 Park, M. S. (2001). The factors of child physical abuse in Korean immigrant families. Child Abuse & Neglect, 25, 945-958.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Park, S. M., & Sarkar, M. (2007). Parents' attitudes toward heritage language maintenance for their children and their efforts to help their children maintain the heritage language: A case study of Korean-Canadian immigrants. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 20(3), 223-235.   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Kim, S., Conway-Turner, K., Sherif-Trask, B., & Woolfolk, T. (2006). Reconstructing mothering among Korean immigrant working class women in the United States. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 37(1), 43-58.
26 Kim, B. K., Brenner, B. R., Liang, C. T. H., & Asay, P. A. (2003). A qualitative study of adaptation experiences of 1.5-generation Asian Americans. Cultural diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 9(2), 156-170.   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Kim, E., & Cain, K.C. (2008). Korean American adolescent depression and parenting. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 21(2), 105-115.   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Kim, U., & Choi, S. H. (1994). Individualism, collectivism, and child development: A Korean perspective. In P. Greenfield & R. Cocking (Eds.), Crosscultural roots of minority child development. NJ:Erlbaum.
29 Kim, Y., & Grant, D. (1997). Immigration patterns, social support, and adaptation among Korean immigrant women and Korean American women. Cultural Diversity & Mental Health, 3(4), 235-245.   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Lee, R. M., Choe, J., Kim, G., & Ngo, V. (2000). Construction of the Asian American Family Conflict Scale. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 47(2), 211-222.
31 Kochman, T. J. (1992). The relationship between environmental characteristics and the psychological functioning of African American youth. Unpublished honors thesis. Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
32 LaFromboise, T., Coleman, H. L. K., & Gerton, J. (1993). Psychological Impact of Biculturalism : Evidence and Theory. Psychological Bulletin, 114(3), 395-412.   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Itzhaky, H. (1998). Adaptation of Israeli immigrants to local community. Journal of Applied Social Sciences, 23(1), 33-42.
34 McMillan, D. W., & Chavis, D. M. (1986). Sense of community: A definition and theory. Journal of Community Psychology, 14, 6-23.   DOI
35 Moon, S. (2003). Immigration and mothering: Case studies from two generations of Korean immigrant women. Gender & Society, 17(6), 840-860.   DOI
36 Inman, A. G., Howard, E. G., Beaumont, R. L., & Walker, J. A. (2007). Cultural transmission: Influence of contextual factors in Asian Indian immigrant parents' experiences. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54(1), 93-100.   DOI   ScienceOn
37 James, D., Kennedy, C. E., & Schumm, W. R. (1986). Changes in parental attitudes and practices following a religiously oriented parent education program. Family Perspective, 20, 45-59.
38 Jarret, R. L. (1995). Human development and education. New York: McKay.
39 Jasinskaja-Lahti, I., Liebkind, K., Jaakkola, M., Reuter, A. (2006). Perceived discrimination, social support networks, and psychological well-being among three immigrant groups. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 37(3), 293-311.
40 Jeong, G. J., & Schumm, W. R. (1990). Family satisfaction in Korean/American marriages: An exploratory study of the perceptions of Korean wives. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 21(3), 325-336.
41 Kalin, R., & Berry, J. W. (1995). Ethnic and civic selfidentity in Canada. Canadian Ethnic Studies, 27, 1-15.
42 Kao, G., & Tienda, M. (1995). Optimism and achievement: The educational performance of immigrant youth. Social Science Quarterly, 76, 1-19.
43 Chung, H. (1997). Marital relations: A critical review and development of measurement. Journal of Korean Home Economics, 35(1), 191-204.
44 Kim, E. (1993). Career choice among second-generation Korean-Americans: Reflections of a cultural model of success. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 24(3), 224-248.   DOI   ScienceOn
45 Kim, S. S. (2004). The experiences of young Korean immigrants: A grounded theory of negotiating social, cultural, and generational boundaries. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 25, 517-537.   DOI   ScienceOn
46 Chipuer, H. M., & Pretty, G. M. H. (1999). A review of the Sense of Community Index: Current uses, factor structure, reliability, and further development. Journal of Community Psychology, 27(6), 643-658.
47 Cutrona, C. E., & Russell, D. W. (1987). The provisions of social relationships and adaptation to stress. In W. H. Jones & D. Perlman (Eds.), Advances in personal relationships (Vol. 1, pp. 37-67). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
48 Dion, K. L., & Dion, K. K. (1996). Chinese adaptation to foreign cultures. In M. H. bond (Ed.), The handbook of Chinese psychology (pp.457-478). Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.
49 Dona, G., & Berry, J. W. (1994). Acculturation attitudes and acculturative stress of central American refugees. International Journal of Psychology, 29(1), 57-70.   DOI   ScienceOn
50 Farver, J. A. M., & Lee-Shin, Y. (2000). Acculturation and Korean-American children's social and play behavior. Social Development, 9(3), 316-336.   DOI   ScienceOn
51 Ferdinand, M. (2008). Korean liaison broadens parent involvement at Harrington school. Our Children, 33(2), 26-27.
52 Hirschman, C. (2001). The educational enrollment of immigrant youth: A test of the segmented assimilation hypothesis. Demography, 38, 317-336.   DOI   ScienceOn
53 Berry, J. W. (2003). Conceptual approaches to acculturation. In K. M. Chun, P. M. Organista, & G. Marín (Eds.), Acculturation: Advances in theory, measurement, and applied research (pp. 17-37). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
54 Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.   DOI   ScienceOn
55 Hurh, W. M., & Kim, K. C. (1990). Religious participation of Korean immigrant in the United States. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 29(1), 19-34.   DOI   ScienceOn
56 Ataca, B., & Berry, J. W. (2002). Psychological, sociocultural, and marital adaptation of Turkish immigrant couples in Canada. International Journal of Psychology, 37(1), 13-26.   DOI   ScienceOn
57 Berry, J. W., Kim, U., Minde, T., & Mok, D. (1987). Comparative studies of acculturative stress. International Migration Review, 21(3), 491-511.   DOI   ScienceOn
58 Barbour, C., Barbour, N. H., & Scully, P.A. (2008). Families, schools, and communities: Building partnerships for educating children (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc..
59 Brooks-Gunn, J., Duncan, G., Klebanov, P., & Sealand, N. (1993). Do neighborhoods influence child and adolescent development? American Journal of Sociology, 99, 353-395.   DOI   ScienceOn
60 Bowen, G. L., Mancini, J. A., Martin, J. A., Ware, W. B., & Nelson, J. P. (2003). Promoting the adaptation of military families: An empirical test of a community practice model. Family Relations, 52(1), 33-44.   DOI   ScienceOn
61 Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York: The Guilford Press.