Production of Fermented Kale Juices with Lactobacillus Strains and Nutritional Composition

Fermented kale juices using four types of lactobacilli were produced in the present study. After 48 h of fermentation time, viable cell counts of all ferments reached an above $10^9CFU/mL$. The viability of the ferments after cold storage in the refrigerator for 4 weeks showed $10^8CFU/mL$ in all ferments. Among four types of fermented kale juices, the ferment of Lactobacillus acidophilus IFO 3025 indicated a good nutritional composition, including neutral sugar ($1,909.76{\mu}g/mL$), reducing sugar ($564.00{\mu}g/mL$, P<0.05), and protein contents ($160.06{\mu}g/mL$, P<0.05). The results of mineral composition analysis had the highest potassium value in all ferments ($854.16{\sim}895.07{\mu}g/mL$), particularly in the ferment of Lactobacillus brevis FSB-1 (P<0.001), which is necessary to sustain osmotic pressure, prevention of high blood pressure, and protein synthesis. Moreover, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium contents related to bone health were generally sufficient in all ferments. Consequently, in this study, fermented kale juices may be suggested as a healthy fermented beverage with essential nutrients. However, the acceptability of the fermented kale juice to the Korean taste should be further investigated with a trained taste panel to determine whether inoculated fermentation could be an option for the consumers.