Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/JEET.2014.9.2.662

Suitability of Palm Based Oil as Dielectric Insulating Fluid in Transformers  

Azis, Norhafiz (Centre for Electromagnetic and Lightning Protection Research (CELP), University Putra Malaysia)
Jasni, Jasronita (Centre for Electromagnetic and Lightning Protection Research (CELP), University Putra Malaysia)
Kadir, Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab (Centre for Electromagnetic and Lightning Protection Research (CELP), University Putra Malaysia)
Mohtar, Mohd Nazim (Centre for Electromagnetic and Lightning Protection Research (CELP), University Putra Malaysia)
Publication Information
Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology / v.9, no.2, 2014 , pp. 662-669 More about this Journal
Abstract
Mineral oil has been widely used as dielectric insulating fluid in transformers due to its excellent performance in-service. However, there are few issues with mineral oil such as it has poor biodegradability and could contaminate the environment if a spillage occurs. With the increasing tight regulation on safety and environment, alternative fluids for mineral oil are currently being investigated and among the suitable candidate is the vegetable oil. There are different types of vegetable oils and one of them is the palm based oil. At the moment, extensive research works are carried out to examine its feasibility to be applied in transformers. This paper will review the previous research works that were carried out to examine the suitability of palm based oil as dielectric insulating fluid in transformers. The physical and chemical properties of palm based oil are studied based on viscosity, acidity, oxidation stability and flash point. Next, the electrical characteristics of palm based oil are examined based on AC breakdown voltage, relative permittivity, dissipation factor and partial discharge.
Keywords
Dielectric insulating fluid; Palm based oil; Transformers;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 A. Rajab, Suwarno, and S. Aminuddin, "Properties of RBDPO Oleum as a candidate of palm based-transformer insulating liquid," International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICEEI), vol. 02, pp. 548-552, 5-7 August 2009.
2 A. Rajab, A. S. S. Sudirham, and Suwarno, "A Comparison of Dielectric Properties of Palm Oil with Mineral and Synthetic Types Insulating Liquid under Temperature Variation," Inst. Technology Bandung J. Eng. Sci., vol. 43, pp. 191-208, 2011.
3 "GUSTAV HEESS crude palm oil product datasheet."
4 P. Boss and T. V. Oommen, "New Insulating Fluid for Transformers Based on Biodegradable High Oleic Vegetable Oil and Ester Fluid," The Institution of Electrical Engineers, London, 1999.
5 T. V. Oommen, C. C. Claiborne, E. J. Walsh, and J. P. Baker, "A new vegetable oil based transformer fluid: development and verification," IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP), vol. 1, pp. 308-312, vol.1, 2000.
6 A. A. Abdelmalik, "The feasibility of using a vegetable oil-based as electrical insulating fluid," PhD dissertation, Department of Engineering, University of Leicester, 2012.
7 M. Y. Yusnida, M. Kamarol, and M. A. Ahmad, "Breakdown voltage characteristic of MO and RBDPO mixture for power transformer insulation," IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER), pp. 300-303, 3-4 December 2012.
8 N. S. Mansor, M. Kamarol, M. Y. Yusnida, and K. Azmi, "Breakdown voltage characteristic of biodegradable oil under various gap of quasi-uniform electrode configuration," IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon), pp. 732-735, 2-5 December 2012.
9 W. Mang-Hui and H. Chih-Yung, "Application of extension theory to PD pattern recognition in highvoltage current transformers," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 20, pp. 1939-1946, 2005.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 O. Lesaint, " "Streamers" in liquids: Relation with practical high voltage insulation and testing of liquids," IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL), pp. 1-6, June 30 -July 3 2008.
11 A. Rajab, U. K., D. Hamdani, A. S., Suwarno, Y. A. M. Tsuchie, M. Kozako, S. Ohtsuka, and M. Hikita, "Partial Discharge Phase Distribution Of Palm Oil As Insulating Liquid," Telkomnika, vol. 9, pp. 1-8, 2011.   DOI
12 H. M. Wilhelm, L. Tulio, R. Jasinski, and G. Almeida, "Aging markers for in-service natural ester-based insulating fluids," IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, vol. 18, pp. 714-719, 2011.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 M. S. A. Kamal, N. Bashir, and N. A. Muhamad, "Insulating properties of vegetable oils and their blends," IEEE Power Engineering and Optimization Conference (PEOCO), pp. 455-458, 3-4 June 2013.
14 M. Jovalekic, D. Vukovic, and S. Tenbohlen, "Dissolved gas analysis of alternative dielectric fluids under thermal and electrical stress," IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL), pp. 1-4, 26-30 June 2011.
15 X. Wang and Z.D. Wang, "Study of dielectric behavior of ester transformer liquids under ac voltage," IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, vol. 19, pp. 1916-1925, 2012.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 M. Heathcote, "J & P Transformer Book," 2011.
17 R. Liao, S. Liang, C. Sun, L. Yang, and H. Sun, "A comparative study of thermal aging of transformer insulation paper impregnated in natural ester and in mineral oil," European Transactions on Electrical Power, vol. 20, pp. 518-533, 2010.
18 C. P. McShane, K. J. Rapp, J. L. Corkran, G. A. Gauger, and J. Luksich, "Aging of paper insulation in natural ester dielectric fluid," IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, vol. 2, pp. 675-679, vol.2, 2001.
19 C. P. McShane, K. J. Rapp, J. L. Corkran, G. A. Gauger, and J. Luksich, "Aging of Kraft paper in natural ester dielectric fluid," IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL), pp. 173-177, 2002.
20 D. P. Stockton, J. R. Bland, T. McClanahan, J. Wilson, D. L. Harris, and P. McShane, "Natural Ester Transformer Fluids: Safety, Reliability & Environmental Performance," IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference (PCIC), pp. 1-7, 17-19 September 2007.
21 W. Zhongdong, Y. Xiao, H. Jinping, J. V. Hinshaw, and J. Noakhes, "Fault gas generation in natural-ester fluid under localized thermal faults," IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, vol. 28, pp. 45-56, 2012.
22 Q. Liu, Z.D. Wang, "Streamer characteristic and breakdown in synthetic and natural ester transformer liquids under standard lightning impulse voltage," IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, vol.18, no.1, pp.285-294, 2011.   DOI   ScienceOn
23 S. Tenbohlen and M. Koch, "Aging Performance and Moisture Solubility of Vegetable Oils for Power Transformers," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol.25, no.2, pp. 825-830, 2010.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 N. Azis, "Ageing assessment of insulation paper with consideration of in-service ageing and natural ester application," PhD dissertation, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, 2012.
25 T. Kanoh, H. Iwabuchi, Y. Hoshida, J. Yamada, T. Hikosaka, A. Yamazaki, Y. Hatta, and H. Koide, "Analyses of electro-chemical characteristics of Palm Fatty Acid Esters as insulating oil," IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL), pp. 1-4, June 30-July 3 2008.
26 P. Hopkinson, L. Dix, C. P. McShane, H. R. Moore, S. Moore, J. Murphy, T. Prevost, and B. Beaster, "Progress report on natural esters for distribution and power transformers," IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PES), pp. 1-3, 26-30 July 2009.
27 K. J. Rapp, C. P. McShane, and J. Luksich, "Interaction mechanisms of natural ester dielectric fluid and Kraft paper," IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL), pp. 393-396, 26 June-1 July 2005.
28 U. U. Abdullahi, S. M. Bashi, R. Yunus, Mohibullah, and H. A. Nurdin, "The potentials of palm oil as a dielectric fluid," in National Proceedings of Power and Energy Conference(PECon), pp. 224-228, 2004.
29 T. Kano, T. Suzuki, R. Oba, A. Kanetani, and H. Koide, "Study on the oxidative stability of palm fatty acid ester (PFAE) as an insulating oil for transformers," IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation (ISEI), pp. 22-25, 10-13 June 2012.
30 "Sime Darby Plantation-Palm oil facts and figures," 2013.
31 F. D. Gunstone, "Palm oil-Critical reports on applied chemistry," Society of Chemical Industry, Wiley, 1987.
32 "http://www.mpob.gov.my/."
33 A. A. Abdelmalik, J. C. Fothergill, and S. J. Dodd, "Electrical breakdown strength characteristics of palm kernel oil ester-based dielectric fluids," Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP), pp. 183-186, 16-19 October 2011.
34 Suwarno, F. Sitinjak, I. Suhariadi, and L. Imsak, "Study on the characteristics of palm oil and it's derivatives as liquid insulating materials," International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials (ICPADM), vol. 2, pp. 495-498, vol.2, 1-5 June 2003.
35 A. A. Abdelmalik, J. C. Fothergill, and S. J. Dodd, "Electrical properties of ester dielectric fluids from palm kernel oil," Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP), pp. 415-418, 16-19 October 2011.
36 A. A. Abdelmalik, J. C. Fothergill, S. J. Dodd, A. P. Abbott, and R. C. Harris, "Effect of side chains on the dielectric properties of alkyl esters derived from palm kernel oil," International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL), pp. 1-4, 26-30 June 2011.
37 A. A. Abdelmalik, J. C. Fothergill, and S. J. Dodd, "Electrical conduction and dielectric breakdown characteristics of alkyl ester dielectric fluids obtained from palm kernel oil," IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, vol. 19, pp. 1623-1632, 2012.   DOI   ScienceOn
38 K. Kiasatina, M. Kamarol, M. Zulhilmey, and Y. A. Arief, "Breakdown characteristics of RBDPO and soybean oil mixture for transformer application," International Conference on Electrical, Control and Computer Engineering (INECCE), pp. 219-222, 21-22 June 2011.
39 "Envirotemp FR3 fluid product datasheet."
40 "MIDEL 7131 fluid product datasheet."
41 Suwarno and S. Aditama, "Dielectric properties of palm oils as liquid insulating materials: effects of fat content," International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials (ISEIM), vol. 1, pp. 91-94, Vol. 1, 5-9 June 2005.