Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.17.0799

Effects of dietary spermine supplementation on cell cycle, apoptosis, and amino acid transporters of the thymus and spleen in piglets  

Cao, Wei (Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University)
Wu, Xianjian (Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University)
Jia, Gang (Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University)
Zhao, Hua (Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University)
Chen, Xiaoling (Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University)
Wu, Caimei (Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University)
Cai, Jingyi (Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University)
Wang, Jing (Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University)
Liu, Guangmang (Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University)
Publication Information
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences / v.31, no.8, 2018 , pp. 1325-1335 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated whether spermine supplementation could regulate cell cycle, apoptosis, and amino acid transporter-related genes expression in the thymus and spleen of early weaned piglets. Methods: Eighty female piglets were randomly distributed to receive adequate nutrients supplemented with spermine (0.4 mmol/kg body weight/24 h) or to be provided with restricted nourishment supplemented with normal saline for 7 h or 3, 6, or 9 d in pairs. Results: Regardless of administration time, spermine supplementation significantly up-regulated cyclin A2 gene expression but down-regulated p21 and cyclin D3 mRNA levels in the thymus and spleen and reduced cyclin E2 gene expression in the thymus of piglets (p<0.05). Irrespective of the treatment period, the reduced Bax and caspase-3 gene expressions and improved Bcl-2 mRNA level were observed in the thymus and spleen of spermine-administrated piglets (p<0.05). Regardless of supplementation time, spermine intake significantly enhanced the expressions of amino acid transporter-related genes (SLC1A1, SLC1A5, SLC7A1, SLC7A7, and SLC15A1) in both thymus and spleen, as well as SLC7A9 in the spleen of piglets (p<0.05). In addition, extended spermine administration also markedly promoted cell proliferation, depressed apoptosis and modulated amino acid transport (p<0.05), and such effects were the greatest during prolonged spermine supplementation (6 d) compared to the other time periods (p<0.05). Conclusion: Spermine supplementation may regulate cell cycle during the G1/S phase, suppress apoptosis and modulate amino acid transport. A period of 6 d of spermine supplementation is required to produce the optimal effects on nutritional implications.
Keywords
Spermine; Cell Cycle; Apoptosis; Amino Acid Transporters; Piglet;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Fang T, Liu G, Cao W, et al. Spermine: new insights into the intestinal development and serum antioxidant status of suckling piglets. RSC Adv 2016;6:31323-35.   DOI
2 Liu G, Fang T, Yan T, et al. Metabolomic strategy for the detection of metabolic effects of spermine supplementation in weaned rats. J Agric Food Chem 2014;62:9035-42.   DOI
3 Zheng TS, Flavell RA. Divinations and surprises: genetic analysis of caspase function in mice. Exp Cell Res 2000;256:67-73.   DOI
4 Antonsson B, Martinou JC. The Bcl-2 protein family. Exp Cell Res 2000;256:50-7.   DOI
5 Daniel H, Kottra G. The proton oligopeptide cotransporter family SLC15 in physiology and pharmacology. Pflugers Arch 2004;447:610-8.   DOI
6 Kristensen AS, Andersen J, Jorgensen TN, et al. SLC6 neurotransmitter transporters: structure, function, and regulation. Pharmacol Rev 2011;63:585-640.   DOI
7 Roth E. Immune and cell modulation by amino acids. Clin Nutr 2007;26:535-44.   DOI
8 Kanai Y, Clemencon B, Simonin A, et al. The SLC1 high-affinity glutamate and neutral amino acid transporter family. Mol Aspects Med 2013;34:108-20.   DOI
9 Verrey F, Closs EI, Wagner CA, et al. CATs and HATs: the SLC7 family of amino acid transporters. Pflugers Arch 2004;447:532-42.   DOI
10 Fotiadis D, Kanai Y, Palacin M. The SLC3 and SLC7 families of amino acid transporters. Mol Aspects Med 2013;34:139-58.   DOI
11 Kruger A, Vowinckel J, Mulleder M, et al. Tpo1-mediated spermine and spermidine export controls cell cycle delay and times antioxidant protein expression during the oxidative stress response. EMBO Rep 2013;14:1113-9.   DOI
12 Cao W, Wu X, Jia G, et al. New insights into the role of dietary spermine on inflammation, immune function and related-signalling molecules in the thymus and spleen of piglets. Arch Anim Nutr 2017;71:175-91.   DOI
13 Pegg AE. The function of spermine. IUBMB Life 2014;66:8-18.   DOI
14 Liu GM, Yan T, Fang TT, et al. Nutrimetabolomic analysis provides new insights into spermine-induced ileum-system alterations for suckling rats. RSC Adv 2015;5:48769-78.   DOI
15 National Research Council (NRC). Nutrient requirements of swine. Washington, DC, USA: National Academy Press; 1998.
16 Nitta T, Igarashi K, Yamashita A, Yamamoto M, Yamamoto N. Involvement of polyamines in B cell receptor-mediated apoptosis: spermine functions as a negative modulator. Exp Cell Res 2001;265:174-83.   DOI
17 Miller ER, Ullrey DE. The pig as a model for human nutrition. Annu Rev Nutr 1987;7:361-82.   DOI
18 Yin J, Ren W, Duan J, et al. Dietary arginine supplementation enhances intestinal expression of SLC7A7 and SLC7A1 and ameliorates growth depression in mycotoxin-challenged pigs. Amino Acids 2014;46:883-92.   DOI
19 Cheng ZB, Li DF, Xing JJ, Guo XY, Li ZJ. Oral administration of spermine advances intestinal maturation in sucking piglets. Anim Sci 2006;82:621-6.   DOI
20 Pfaffl MW. A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR. Nucleic Acids Res 2001;29:e45.   DOI
21 Gong D, Ferrell JE Jr. The roles of cyclin A2, B1, and B2 in early and late mitotic events. Mol Biol Cell 2010;21:3149-61.   DOI
22 Romain N, Dandrifosse G, Jeusette F, Forget P. Polyamine concentration in rat milk and food, human milk, and infant formulas. Pediatr Res 1992;32:58-63.   DOI
23 Hwang HC, Clurman BE. Cyclin E in normal and neoplastic cell cycles. Oncogene 2005;24:2776-86.   DOI
24 Bedelbaeva K, Snyder A, Gourevitch D, et al. Lack of p21 expression links cell cycle control and appendage regeneration in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010;107:5845-50.   DOI
25 Zhao Z, Liu J, Wang C, et al. MicroRNA-25 regulates small cell lung cancer cell development and cell cycle through cyclin E2. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014;7:7726-34.
26 Sankaran VG, Ludwig LS, Sicinska E, et al. Cyclin D3 coordinates the cell cycle during differentiation to regulate erythrocyte size and number. Genes Dev 2012;26:2075-87.   DOI
27 Yang SD, Bai ZL, Zhang F, et al. Levofloxacin increases the effect of serum deprivation on anoikis of rat nucleus pulposus cells via Bax/Bcl-2/caspase-3 pathway. Toxicol Mech Methods 2014;24:688-96.   DOI
28 Loh KP, Huang SH, De Silva R, Tan BK, Zhu YZ. Oxidative stress: apoptosis in neuronal injury. Curr Alzheimer Res 2006;3:327-37.   DOI
29 Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods 2001;25:402-8.   DOI
30 Wu B, Cui H, Peng X, et al. Dietary nickel chloride induces oxidative stress, apoptosis and alters Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-3 mRNA expression in the cecal tonsil of broilers. Food Chem Toxicol 2014;63:18-29.   DOI