Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.16.0189

In vitro Solubility of Copper(II) Sulfate and Dicopper Chloride Trihydroxide for Pigs  

Park, C.S. (Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University)
Kim, B.G. (Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University)
Publication Information
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences / v.29, no.11, 2016 , pp. 1608-1615 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the solubility of copper (Cu) in two sources of copper(II) sulfate ($CuSO_4$) including monohydrate and pentahydrate and three sources of dicopper chloride trihydroxide (dCCTH) including ${\alpha}$-form (dCCTH-${\alpha}$), ${\beta}$-form (dCCTH-${\beta}$), and a mixture of ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-form (dCCTH-${\alpha}{\beta}$) at different pH and a 3-step in vitro digestion assay for pigs. In Exp. 1, Cu sources were incubated in water-based buffers at pH 2.0, 3.0, 4.8, and 6.8 for 4 h using a shaking incubator at $39^{\circ}C$. The $CuSO_4$ sources were completely dissolved within 15 min except at pH 6.8. The solubility of Cu in dCCTH-${\alpha}$ was greater (p<0.05) than dCCTH-${\beta}$ but was not different from dCCTH-${\alpha}{\beta}$ during 3-h incubation at pH 2.0 and during 2-h incubation at pH 3.0. At pH 4.8, there were no significant differences in solubility of Cu in dCCTH sources. Copper in dCCTH sources were non-soluble at pH 6.8. In Exp. 2, the solubility of Cu was determined during the 3-step in vitro digestion assay for pigs. All sources of Cu were completely dissolved in step 1 which simulated digestion in the stomach. In Exp. 3, the solubility of Cu in experimental diets including a control diet and diets containing 250 mg/kg of additional Cu from five Cu sources was determined during the in vitro digestion assay. The solubility of Cu in diets containing additional Cu sources were greater (p<0.05) than the control diet in step 1. In conclusion, the solubility of Cu was influenced by pH of digesta but was not different among sources based on the in vitro digestion assay.
Keywords
Copper; In vitro Digestion; Solubility; Swine; Trace Mineral;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Boisen, S. and B. O. Eggum. 1991. Critical evaluation of in vitro methods for estimating digestibility in simple-stomach animals. Nutr. Res. Rev. 4:141-162.   DOI
2 Cervantes-Pahm, S., B. K. Knapp, B. G. Kim, Y. Liu, C. M. Parsons, G. C. Fahey Jr., and H. H. Stein. 2013. Comparison of two different in vivo models and an in vitro model for caloric determination of four novel fiber ingredients. J. Agric. Food Chem. 61:12374-12379.   DOI
3 Cromwell, G. L. 2001. Antimicrobial and promicrobial agents. In: Swine Nutrition. 2nd edn. (Eds. A. J. Lewis and L. L. Southern). CRC Press, Washington, DC, USA. pp. 401-426.
4 Cromwell, G. L., V. W. Hays, and T. L. Clark. 1978. Effect of copper sulfate, copper sulfide and sodium sulfide on performance and copper stores of pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 46:692-698.   DOI
5 Cromwell, G. L., M. D. Lindemann, H. J. Monegue, D. D. Hall, and D. E. Orr, Jr. 1998. Tribasic copper chloride and copper sulfate as copper sources for weanling pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 76:118-123.   DOI
6 Guo, R., P. R. Henry, R. A. Holwerda, J. Cao, R. C. Littell, R. D. Miles, and C. B. Ammerman. 2001. Chemical characteristics and relative bioavailability of supplemental organic copper sources for poultry. J. Anim. Sci. 79:1132-1141.   DOI
7 Hill, G. M., G. L. Cromwell, T. D. Crenshaw, C. R. Dove, R. C. Ewan, D. A. Knabe, A. J. Lewis, G. W. Libal, D. C. Mahan, G. C. Shurson, L. L. Southern, and T. L. Veum. 2000. Growth promotion effects and plasma changes from feeding high dietary concentrations of zinc and copper to weanling pigs (regional study). J. Anim. Sci. 78:1010-1016.   DOI
8 Hill, G. M. and J. W. Spears. 2001. Trace and ultratrace elements in swine nutrition. In: Swine Nutrition. 2nd edn. (Eds. A. J. Lewis and L. L. Southern). CRC Press, Washington, DC, USA. pp. 229-261.
9 Shurson, G. C., P. K. Ku, G. L. Waxler, M. T. Yokoyama, and E. R. Miller. 1990. Physiological relationships between microbiological status and dietary copper levels in the pig. J. Anim. Sci. 68:1061-1071.   DOI
10 Veum, T. L., M. S. Carlson, C. W. Wu, D. W. Bollinger, and M. R. Ellersieck. 2004. Copper proteinate in weanling pig diets for enhancing growth performance and reducing fecal copper excretion compared with copper sulfate. J. Anim. Sci. 82:1062-1070.   DOI
11 Zevenhuizen, L. P. T. M., J. Dolfing, E. J. Eshuis, and I. J. Scholten-Koerselman. 1979. Inhibitory effects of copper on bacteria related to the free ion concentration. Microb. Ecol. 5:139-146.
12 Zhao, J., G. Allee, G. Gerlemann, L. Ma, M. I. Gracia, D. Parker, M. Vazquez-Anon, and R. J. Harrell. 2014. Effects of a chelated copper as growth promoter on performance and carcass traits in pigs. Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 27:965-973.   DOI
13 Zhou, W., E. T. Kornegay, M. D. Lindemann, J. W. G. M. Swinkels, M. K. Welten, and E. A. Wong. 1994. Stimulation of growth by intravenous injection of copper in weanling pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 72:2395-2403.   DOI
14 Kim, J. W., J. H. Kim, J. E. Shin, and D. Y. Kil. 2016. Relative bioavailability of copper in tribasic copper chloride to copper in copper sulfate for laying hens based on egg yolk and feather copper concentrations. Poult. Sci. 95:1591-1597.   DOI
15 Hojberg, O., N. Canibe, H. D. Poulsen, M. S. Hedemann, and B. B. Jensen. 2005. Influence of dietary zinc oxide and copper sulfate on the gastrointestinal ecosystem in newly weaned piglets. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:2267-2277.   DOI
16 Leeson, S. 2009. Copper metabolism and dietary needs. Worlds Poult. Sci. J. 65:353-366.   DOI
17 Kim, J. W. and D. Y. Kil. 2015. Determination of relative bioavailability of copper in tribasic copper chloride to copper in copper sulfate for broiler chickens based on liver and feather copper concentrations. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 210:138-143.   DOI
18 Kong, C., C. S. Park, and B. G. Kim. 2015. Effects of an enzyme complex on in vitro dry matter digestibility of feed ingredients for pigs. Springerplus 4:261.   DOI
19 Kong, C., S. Y. Shin, and B. G. Kim. 2014. Evaluation of mycotoxin sequestering agents for aflatoxin and deoxynivalenol: An in vitro approach. Springerplus 3:346.   DOI
20 Miles, R. D., P. R. Henry, V. C. Sampath, M. Shivazad, and C. W. Comer. 2003. Relative bioavailability of novel amino acid chelates of manganese and copper for chicks. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 12:417-423.   DOI
21 Namkung, H., J. Gong, H. Yu, and C. F. M. de Lange. 2006. Effect of pharmacological intakes of zinc and copper on growth performance, circulating cytokines and gut microbiota of newly weaned piglets challenged with coliform lipopolysaccharides. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 86:511-522.   DOI
22 NRC (National Research Council). 1998. Nutrient Requirements of Swine. 10th edn. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
23 Pang, Y., J. A. Patterson, and T. J. Applegate. 2009. The influence of copper concentration and source on ileal microbiota. Poult. Sci. 88:586-592.   DOI
24 NRC (National Research Council). 2012. Nutrient Requirements of Swine. 11th edn. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
25 Pang, Y. and T. J. Applegate. 2006. Effects of copper source and concentration on in vitro phytate phosphorus hydrolysis by phytase. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54:1792-1796.   DOI
26 Pang, Y. and T. J. Applegate. 2007. Effects of dietary copper supplementation and copper source on digesta pH, calcium, zinc, and copper complex size in the gastrointestinal tract of the broiler chicken. Poult. Sci. 86:531-537.   DOI
27 Park, C. S., A. R. Son, and B. G. Kim. 2012. Prediction of gross energy and digestible energy in copra meal, palm kernel meal, and cassava root fed to pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 90:221-223.
28 Park, K. R., C. S. Park, and B. G. Kim. 2016. An enzyme complex increases in vitro dry matter digestibility of corn and wheat in pigs. Springerplus 5:598.   DOI
29 Perez, V. G., A. M. Waguespack, T. D. Bidner, L. L. Southern, T. M. Fakler, T. L. Ward, M. Steidinger, and J. E. Pettigrew. 2011. Additivity of effects from dietary copper and zinc on growth performance and fecal microbiota of pigs after weaning. J. Anim. Sci. 89:414-425.   DOI
30 Radecki, S. V., P. K. Ku, M. R. Bennink, M. T. Yokoyama, and E. R. Miller. 1992. Effect of dietary copper on intestinal mucosa enzyme activity, morphology, and turnover rates in weanling pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 70:1424-1431.   DOI
31 Shelton, N. W., M. D. Tokach, J. L. Nelssen, R. D. Goodband, S. S. Dritz, J. M. DeRouchey, and G. M. Hill. 2011. Effects of copper sulfate, tri-basic copper chloride, and zinc oxide on weanling pig performance. J. Anim. Sci. 89:2440-2451.   DOI
32 Boisen, S. and J. A. Fernandez. 1997. Prediction of the total tract digestibility of energy in feedstuffs and pig diets by in vitro analyses. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 68:277-286.   DOI