Branched-chain Amino Acids are Beneficial to Maintain Growth Performance and Intestinal Immune-related Function in Weaned Piglets Fed Protein Restricted Diet |
Ren, M.
(State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University)
Zhang, S.H. (State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University) Zeng, X.F. (State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University) Liu, H. (State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University) Qiao, S.Y. (State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University) |
1 | Stoll, B., J. Henry, P. J. Reeds, H. Yu, F. Jahoor, and D. G. Burrin. 1998. Catabolism dominates the first-pass intestinal metabolism of dietary essential amino acids in milk protein-fed piglets. J. Nutr. 128:606-614. DOI |
2 | Tan, B., X. G. Li, X. Kong, R. Huang, Z. Ruan, K. Yao, Z. Deng, M. Xie, I. Shinzato, Y. Yin, and G. Wu. 2009. Dietary Larginine supplementation enhances the immune status in earlyweaned pglets. Amino Acids. 37:323-331. DOI |
3 | Wang, J. J., L. Chen, P. Li, X. Li, H. Zhou, F. Wang, D. Li, Y. Yin, and G. Wu. 2008. Gene expression is altered in piglet small intestine by weaning and dietary glutamine supplementation. J. Nutr. 138:1025-1032. DOI |
4 | Wells, J. M., L. M. P. Loonen, and J. M. Karczewski. 2010. The role of innate signalling in the homeostasis of tolerance and immunity in the intestine. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 300:41-48. DOI |
5 | Wu, G. 1998. Intestinal mucosal amino acid catabolism. J. Nutr. 128:1249-1252. DOI |
6 | Wu, G. 2009. Amino acids: Metabolism, functions, and nutrition. Amino Acids 37:1-17. |
7 | Yoneda, J., A. Andou, and K. Takehana. 2009. Regulatory roles of amino acids in immune response. Curr. Rheumatol. Rev. 5:252-258. DOI |
8 | Yue, L. Y. and S. Y. Qiao. 2007. Effects of low-protein diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids on performance and intestinal development in piglets over the first 2 weeks after weaning. Livest. Sci. 115:144-152. |
9 | Zhang, F., X. Zeng, F. Yang, Z. Huang, H. Liu, X. Ma, and S. Qiao. 2013. Dietary N-carbamylglutamate supplementation boosts intestinal mucosal immunity in Escherichia coli challenged piglets. Plos One. 8(6):e66280. DOI |
10 | Kerr, B. J. 2003. Dietary manipulation to reduce environmental impact. Page139-158 in 9th International Symposium on Digestive Physiology in Pigs, May 14-17, 2003; Banff, Alberta, Canada. |
11 | Kinnebrew, M. A. and E. G. Pamer. 2012. Innate immune signaling in defense against intestinal microbes. Immunol. Rev. 245:113-131. DOI |
12 | Lalles, J. P., P. Bosi, H. Smidt, and C. R. Stokes. 2007. Nutritional management of gut health in pigs around weaning. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 66:260-268. DOI |
13 | Li, P., Y. Yin, D. Li, S. W. Kim, and G. Wu. 2007. Amino acids and immune function. Br. J. Nutr. 98:237-252. DOI |
14 | Lordelo, M. M., A. M. Gaspar, L. Le Bellego, and J. P. B. Freire. 2008. Isoleucine and valine supplementation of a low-protein corn-wheat-soybean meal-based diet for piglets: growth performance and nitrogen balance. J. Anim. Sci. 86:2936-2941. DOI |
15 | Lundqvist, C., V. Baranov, S. Hammarstrom, L. Athlin, and M. L. Hammarstrom. 1995. Intra-epithelial lymphocytes. Evidence for regional specialization and extrathymic T cell maturation in the human gut epithelium. Int. Immunol. 7:1473-1487. DOI |
16 | Mao, X., X. Zeng, S. Qiao, G. Wu, and D. Li. 2011. Specific roles of threonine in intestinal mucosal integrity and barrier function. Front Biosci. E3:1192-1200. DOI |
17 | McCracken, B. A., H. R. Gaskins, P. J. Ruwe-Kaiser, K. C. Klasing, and D. E. Jewell. 1995. Diet-dependent and dietindependent metabolic responses underlie growth stasis of pigs at weaning. J. Nutr. 125:2838-2845. |
18 | McGuckin, A. M., R. Eri, L. A. Simms, T. H. J. Florin, and G. Radford-Smith. 2009. Intestinal barrier dysfunction in inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 15:100-113. DOI |
19 | Zijlstra, R. T., J. Odle, W. F. Hall, B. W. Petschow, H. B. Gelbery, and R. E. Litov. 1994. Effect of orally administered epidermal growth factor on intestinal recovery of neonatal pigs infected with rotavirus. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 19:382-390. DOI |
20 | Zhu, H. L., Y. L. Liu, X. L. Xie, J. J. Huang, and Y. Q. Hou. 2013. Effect of L-arginine on intestinal mucosal immune barrier function in weaned pigs after Escherichia coli LPS challenge. Innate Immun. 19:242-252. DOI |
21 | Con, J., B. Joseph, N. Kulvatunyou, A. Tang, T. O'Keeffe, J. L. Wynne, R. S. Friese, P. Rhee, and R. Latifi. 2011. Evidencebased immune-modulating nutritional therapy in critically ill and injured patients. Eur. Surg. 43:13-18. DOI |
22 | AOAC. 2007. Official Methods of Analysis. 18th ed. AOAC international, Gaithersburg, MD, USA. |
23 | Calder, P. C. and P. Yaqoob. 1999. Glutamine and the immune system. Amino Acids 17:227-241. DOI |
24 | Carr, L. E., A. Kelman, S. G. Wu, R. Gopaul, E. Senkevitch, A. Aghvanyan, A. M. Turay, and K. A. Frauwirth. 2010. Glutamine uptake and metabolism are coordinately regulated by ERK/MAPK during T lymphocyte activation. J. Immunol. 185:1037-1044. DOI |
25 | Cummins, A. G. and F. M. Thompson. 2002. Effect of breast milk and weaning on epithelial growth of the small intestine in human. Gut 51:748-754. DOI |
26 | Doppenberg, J. and P. J. van der Aar. 2010. Dynamics in Animal Nutrition. Wageingen Accademic Publishers, Wageingen, The Netherlands. Page 31-36. |
27 | NRC. 1998. Nutrient Requirements of Swine, 10th Edition. National Academy Press, Washington DC, USA. |
28 | Miller, B. G., P. S. Jamies, M. W. Smith, and F. J. Bourne. 1986. Effect of weaning on the capacity of pig intestinal villi to digest and absorb nutrients. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 107:579-589. DOI |
29 | Moore, S. 1963. On the determination of cystine as cysteic acid. J. Biol. Chem. 238:235-237. |
30 | Nabuurs, M. J., A. Hoogendoorn, E. J. V. Molen, and A. L. Van Osta. 1993. Villous height and crypt depth in weaned and unweaned pigs, reared under various circumstances in the Netherlands. Res. Vet. Sci. 55:78-84. DOI |
31 | NRC. 2012. Nutrient Requirements of Swine, 11th Edition. National Academy Press, Washington DC, USA. |
32 | Nofrarías, M., E. G. Manzanilla, J. Pujols, X. Gibert, N. Majo, J. Segales and J. Gasa. 2006. Effects of spray- dried porcine plasma and plant exreacts on intestinal morphology and on leukocyte cell subsets of weaned pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 84:2735-2742. DOI |
33 | Nyachoti, C. M., F. O. Omoghenigun, M. Rademacher, and G. Blank. 2006. Performance responses and indicators of gastrointestinal health in early-weaned pigs fed low-protein amino acids-supplemented diets. J. Anim. Sci. 84:125-134. DOI |
34 | Oswald, I. P. 2006. Role of intestinal epithelial cells in the innate immune defence of the pig intestine. Vet. Res. 37:359-368. DOI |
35 | Wijtten, J. A. P., J. van der Meulen, and M. W. A. Verstegen. 2011. Intestinal barrier function and absorption in pigs after weaning: A review. Br. J. Nutr. 105:967-981. DOI |
36 | Guay, F., S. M. Donovan, and N. L. Trottier. 2006. Biochemical and morphological developments are practically impaired in intestinal mucosa from growing pigs fed reduced-protein diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids. J. Anim. Sci. 84:1749-1760. DOI |
37 | Dugan, M. E. R., D. A. Knabe, and G. Wu. 1994. Glutamine and glucose metabolism in intraepithelial lymphocytes from preand post-weaning pigs. Comp. Biochem. Phys. B. Comp. Biochem. 109:675-681. DOI |
38 | Evoy, D., M. D. Lieberman, T. J. Fahey, and J. M. Daly. 1998. Immuninutrition: The role of arginine. Nutrition 14:611-617. DOI |
39 | Figueroa, J. L., A. J. Lewis, P. S. Miller, R. L. Fischer, R. S. Gomez, and R. M. Diedrichsen. 2002. Nitrogen metabolism and growth performance of gilts fed standard maize-soybean meal diets or low-crude protein, amino acid supplemented diets. J. Anim. Sci. 80:2911-2919. DOI |
40 | Guy-Grand, D, J. P. DiSanto, P. Henchoz, M. Malassis-Seris, and P. Vassalli. 1998. Small bowel enteropathy: role of interepithelial lymphocytes and of cytokines (IL-12, , TNF) in the induction of epithelial cell death and renewal. Eur. J. Immunol. 28:730-744. DOI |
41 | Heo, J. M., J. C. Kim, C. F. Hansen, B. P. Mullan, D. J. Hanpson, and J. R. Pluske. 2008. Effects of feeding low protein diets to piglets on plasma urea nitrogen, faecal ammonia nitrogen, the incidence of diarrhoea and performance after weaning. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 62:343-358. DOI |
42 | Htoo, J. K., B. A. Araiza, W. C. Sauer, M. Rademacher, Y. Zhang, M. Cervantes, and R. T. Aijlstra. 2007. Effect of dietary protein content on ileal amino acid digestibility, growth performance, and formation of microbial metabolites in ileal and cecal digest of early-weaned pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 85:3303-3312. DOI |
43 | Powell, D. J., K. N. Pollizzi, E. B. Heikamp, and M. R. Horton. 2012. Regulation of immune responses by mTOR. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 30:39-68. DOI |
44 | Pie, S., J. P. Lalle, F. Blazy, J. Laffitte, B. Seve, and I. P. Oswald. 2004. Weaning is associated with an upregulation of expression of inflammatory cytokines in the intestine of piglets. J. Nutr. 124:641-647. |
45 | Pluske, J. R., M. J. Thompson, C. S. Atwood, P. H. Bird, I. H. Williams, and P. E. Hartmann. 1996. Maintenance of villous height and crypt depth, and enhancement of disaccharide digestion and monosaccharide absorption, in piglets fed on cows' whole milk after weaning. Br. J. Nutr. 76:409-422. DOI |
46 | Pomorska-Mol, M. and I. Markowska-Daniel. 2011. Porcine cathelicidins and defensins. Med. Weter 67:20-24. |
47 | Rose, N., G. Larour, G. Le Digyerher, E. Everno, J. P. Jolly, P. Blanchard, A. Oger, M. Le Dimna, A. Jestin, and F. Madec. 2003. Risk factors for porcine post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in 149 French farrow-to-finish herds. Prev. Vet. Med. 61:209-225. DOI |
48 | Santaolalla, R., M. Fukata, and M. T. Abreu. 2011. Innate immunity in the small intestine. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 27:125-131. DOI |
49 | Simone, D. R., F. Vissicchio, C. Mingarelli, C. D. Nuccio, S. Visentin, M. A. Ajmone-Cat, and L. Minghetti. 2013. Branched-chain amino acids influence the immune properties of microglial cells and their responsiveness to proinflammatory signals. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis. 1832:650-659. DOI |
50 | Smith, F., J. E. Clark, B. L. Overman, C. C. Tozel, J. H. Huang, J. E. F Rivier, A. T. Blisklager, and A. J. Moeser. 2010. Early weaning stress impairs development of mucosal barrier function in the porcine intestine. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 298:352-363. DOI |