Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2014.14099

Ammonia and Carbon Dioxide Concentrations in a Layer House  

Kilic, Ilker (Biosystems Engineering Department, Agriculture Faculty, Uludag University)
Yaslioglu, Erkan (Biosystems Engineering Department, Agriculture Faculty, Uludag University)
Publication Information
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences / v.27, no.8, 2014 , pp. 1211-1218 More about this Journal
Abstract
Higher concentrations of ammonia ($NH_3$) and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) in animal barns can negatively affect production and health of animals and workers. This paper focuses on measurements of summer concentrations of ammonia ($NH_3$) and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) in a naturally ventilated laying henhouse located at an egg production facility in Bursa region, western Turkey. Also, indoor and ambient environmental conditions such as temperature and relative humidity were measured simultaneously with pollutant gas concentrations. The average $NH_3$ concentrations during summer of 2013 was 8.05 ppm for exhaust and 5.42 ppm for inlet while average $CO_2$ concentration was 732 ppm for exhaust and 625 ppm for inlet throughout summer. The overall minimum, average and maximum values and humidity were obtained as $16.8^{\circ}C$, $24.72^{\circ}C$, and $34.71^{\circ}C$ for indoor temperature and 33.64%, 63.71%, and 86.18% for relative humidity. The lowest exhaust concentrations for $NH_3$ and $CO_2$ were 6.98 ppm and 609 ppm, respectively. They were measured in early morning at the maximum diurnal ventilation rate in July 2013 and August 2013. The highest concentrations were 10.58 ppm for $NH_3$ and 904 ppm for $CO_2$ recorded in the afternoon when the ventilation rate was the lowest in June 2013.
Keywords
Ammonia; Carbon Dioxide; Concentration; Diurnal Pattern; Laying Hens Houses;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Simsek, E., I. Kilic, E. Yaslioglu, and I. Arici. 2012. Ammonia emissions from dairy cattle barns in summer season. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 11:2116-2120.   DOI
2 Simsek, E., I. Kilic, E. Yaslioglu, and I. Arici. 2013. The effects of environmental conditions on concentration and emission of ammonia in chicken farms during summer season. Clean Soil, Air Water 41:955-962.
3 Smith, R. A. 1998. Impact of disease on feedlot performance: A review. J. Anim. Sci. 76:272-274.
4 Sommer, S. G., J. E. Olesen, and B. T. Christensen. 1991. Effects of temperature, wind speed and air humidity on ammonia volatilization from surface applied cattle slurry. J. Agric. Sci. 117:91-100.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 TUIK, 2013. The statistics of animal production in Turkey. www.tuik.gov.tr. Accessed November 1, 2013.
6 Wang-Li, L., Q-F. Li, L. Chai, E. Cortus, K. Wang, I. Kilic, B. W. Bogan, J. Q. Ni, and A. J. Heber. 2013. The national air emission monitoring study's southeast layer site: Part III. Ammonia concentrations and emissions. Trans. ASABE 56: 1185-1197.
7 Zhu, Z., H. Dong, Z. Zhou, H. Xin, and Y. Chen. 2011. Ammonia and greenhouse gases concentrations and emissions of a naturally ventilated laying hen house in Northeast China. Trans. ASABE 54:1085-1091.   DOI
8 Kilic, I., A. J. Heber, K. Wang, L. Q. Wang, E. L. Cortus, and B. W. Bogan. 2011. Determining long term nitrogen mass balance for two commercial layer houses. In: ASABE 2011 International Annual Meeting, Kentucky, USA.
9 Kilic, I. 2013. the investigation of legislations in the world about air pollutants from animal barns. Suleyman Demirel University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture 8:111-120.
10 Kocaman, B., N. Esenbuga, A. Yildiz, E. Lacin, and M. Macit. 2006. Effect of environmental conditions in poultry houses on the performance of laying hens. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 5:26-30.   DOI
11 Liang, Y., H. Xin, E. F. Wheeler, R. S. Gates, H. Li, J. S. Zajaczkowski, P. A. Topper, K. D. Casey, B. R. Behrends, D. J. Burnham, and F. J. Zajaczkowski. 2005. Ammonia emissions from U.S. laying hen houses in Iowa and Pennsylvania. Trans. ASAE 48:1927-1941.   DOI
12 Lin, X. J., E. L. Cortus, R. Zhang, S. Jiang, and A. J. Heber. 2012. Ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and particulate matter emissions from California high-rise layer houses. Atmos. Environ. 46:81-91.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Nicholson, F. A., B. J. Chambers, and A. W. Walker. 2004. Ammonia emission from broiler litter and laying hen manure management systems. Biosyst. Eng. 89:175-185.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Arogo, J., P. W. Westerman, A. J. Heber, W. P. Robarge, and J. J. Classen. 2006. Ammonia emissions from animal feeding operations. In: Animal Agriculture and the Environment (Eds. J. M. Rice, D. F. Caldwell, and F. J. Humenik). ASABE, Michigan, USA. pp. 41-88.
15 Redwine, J. S., R. E. Lacey, S. Mukhtar, and J. B. Carey. 2002.Concentration and emissions of ammonia and particulate matter in tunnel ventilated broiler houses under summer conditions in Texas. Trans. ASAE 45:1101-1109.
16 Albright, L. D. 2000. Environment Control for Animals and Plants. ASAE Textbook Number 4. ASABE Press, Michigan, USA.
17 Aneja, V. P., W. H. Schlesinger, D. Niyogi, G. Jennings, W. Gilliam, R. E. Knighton, C. S. Duke, J. Blunden, and S. Krishnan. 2006. Emerging national research needs for agricultural air quality. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 87:25-29.
18 Cheng W. H., M. S. Chou, and S. C. Tung. 2011. Gaseous ammonia emission from poultry facilities in Taiwan. Environ. Eng. Sci. 28:283-289.   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Dobeic, M. and S. Pintaric. 2011. Laying hen and pig livestock contribution to aerial pollution in Slovenia. Acta Vet. (Beogr) 61:283-293.   DOI
20 Fabbri, C., L. Vali, M. Guarino, A. Costa, and V. Mazotta. 2007. Ammonia, methane, nitrous oxide and particulate matter emissions from two different buildings for laying hens. Biosyst. Eng. 97:441-455.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Gao Z., W. Ma, G. Zhu, and M. Roelcke. 2013. Estimating farmgate ammonia emissions from major animal production systems in China. Atmos. Environ. 79:20-28.   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Green, A. R., I. Wesley, D. W. Trampel, and H. Xin. 2009. Air quality and bird health status in three types of commercial egg layer houses. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 18:605-621.   DOI
23 Atilgan, A., A. Coskan, H. Oz, and E. Isler. 2010. The vacuum system which is new approach to decrease ammonia level use in broiler housing in winter season. Kafkas Univ.Vet. Fak Derg. 16:257-262.
24 Groot Koerkamp, P. W. G., J. H. M. Metz, G. H. Uenk, V. R. Phillips, M. R. Holden, R. W. Sneath, J. L. Short, R. P. P. White, J. Hartung, J. Seedorf, M. Schroder, K. H. Linkert, S. Pederson, H. Takai, J. O. Johnsen, and C. M. Wathes. 1998. Concentrations and emissions of amonnia in livestock buildings in Northern Europe. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 70:79-95.   DOI   ScienceOn