Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2011.11377

Effects of Immune Stress on Performance Parameters, Intestinal Enzyme Activity and mRNA Expression of Intestinal Transporters in Broiler Chickens  

Feng, Y. (College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University)
Yang, X.J. (College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University)
Wang, Y.B. (College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University)
Li, W.L. (College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University)
Liu, Y. (College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University)
Yin, R.Q. (College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University)
Yao, J.H. (College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University)
Publication Information
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences / v.25, no.5, 2012 , pp. 701-707 More about this Journal
Abstract
Immune stress is the loss of immune homeostasis caused by external forces. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of immune stress on the growth performance, small intestinal enzymes and peristalsis rate, and mRNA expression of nutrient transporters in broiler chickens. Four hundred and thirty-two 1-d-old broilers (Cobb500) were randomly assigned to four groups for treatment; each group included nine cages with 12 birds per cage. Group 1 = no vaccine (NV); Group 2 = conventional vaccine (CV); group 3 = lipopolysaccharide (LPS)+conventional vaccine (LPS); group 4 = cyclophosphamide (CYP)+conventional vaccine (CYP). The results demonstrated that immune stress by LPS and CYP reduced body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), small intestine peristalsis rate and sIgA content in small intestinal digesta (p<0.05). However, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) remained unchanged during the feeding period. LPS and CYP increased intestinal enzyme activity, relative expression of SGLT-1, CaBP-D28k and L-FABP mRNAs (p<0.05). LPS and CYP injection had a negative effect on the growth performance of healthy broiler chickens. The present study demonstrated that NV and CV could improve growth performance while enzyme activity in small intestine and relative expression of nutrient transporter mRNA of NV and CV were decreased in the conditions of a controlled rational feeding environment. It is generally recommended that broilers only need to be vaccinated for the diseases to which they might be exposed.
Keywords
Broilers; Gene Expression; Immune Stress; Intestine Enzyme;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)  (Related Records In Web of Science)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Virden, W. S., M. S. Lilburn, J. P. Thaxton, A. Corzo, D. Hoehler and M. T. Kidd. 2007. The effect of corticosterone induced stress on amino acid digestibility in Ross broilers. Poult. Sci. 86:338-342.   DOI
2 Wilkinson, K. G. E., R. B. Tee, G. Tomkins and R. Premier. 2011. Effect of heating and aging of poultry littern the persistence of enteric bacteria. Poult. Sci. 90:10-18.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Wilson, E. K., E. W. Pierson, P. Y. Hester, R. L. Adam and W. J. Stadelman. 1980. The effect of high environment temperature on food passage tissue and performance traits of Pekin ducks. Poult. Sci. 59:2322-2330.   DOI
4 Wood, S. and P. Frayhum. 2003. Glucose transporters (GLUT and SGLT): expanded families of sugar transport protein. Br. J. Nutr. 89:3-9.
5 Yang, X. J., W. L. Li, Y. Feng and J. H. Yao. 2011. Effects of immune stress on growth performance, immunity, and cecal microflora in chickens. Poult. Sci. 49:2740-2746.
6 Yadgary, L., R. Yair and Z. Uni. 2011. The chick embryo yolk sac membrane expresses nutrient transporter and digestive enzyme genes. Poult. Sci. 90:410-416.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Routman, K. S., L. Yoshida, A. C. Frizzas de Lima, M. Macari and Jr. J. M. Pizauro. 2003. Intestinal and pancreas enzyme activity of broilers exposed to thermal stress. Brazilian J. Poult. Sci. 5:23-27.
8 Schuijffel, D. F., P. C. van Empel, A. M. Pennings, J. P. vanPutten and P. J. Nuijten. 2005. Passive immunization of immune-suppressed animals: Chicken antibodies protect against Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale infection. Vaccine 23:3404-3411.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Savory, J. 1986. Influence of ambient temperature on feeding activity parameters and digestive function in domestic fowls. Physiol. Behav. 38:353-357.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 SAS Institute. 2002. SAS users guide: Statistics. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
11 Shini, S., G. R. Huff, A. Shini and P. Kaiser. 2010. Understanding stress induced immunosuppression: Exploration of cytokine and chemokine gene profiles in chicken peripheral leukocytes. Poult. Sci. 89:841-851.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Shepherd, E. J., P. A. Helliwell, O. J. Mace, E. L. Morgan, N. Patel and G. L. Kellett. 2004. Stress and glucocorticoid inhibit apical Glut2-trafficking and intestinal glucose absorption in rat small intestine. J. Physiol. 560:281-290.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Star, L., B. Kemp, Anker. I. van den and H. K. Parmentier. 2008. Effect of single or combined climatic and hygienic stress in four layer lines: 1. Performance. Poult. Sci. 87:1022-1030.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Teo, A. Y. and H. M. Tan. 2007. Evaluation of the performance and intestinal gut micro flora of broilers fed on corn-soy diets supplemented with Bacillus subtilis PB6 (CloSTAT). J. Appl. Poult. Res. 16:296-303.   DOI
15 Tsukada, F., K. Sawamura, H. Kohno and Y. Ohkubo. 2002. Mechanism of inhibition of small intestinal motility by restraint stress differs from that with norepinephrine treatment in rats. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 25:122-124.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Uni, Z., E. Tako, O. Gal-Garber and D. Sklan. 2003. Morphological, molecular, and functional changes in the chicken small intestine of the late-term embryo. Poult. Sci. 82: 1747-1754.   DOI
17 Osman, A. M. and N. I. Tanios. 1983. The effect of heat on the intestinal and pancreatic levels of amylase and maltase of laying hens and broilers. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 75A:563-567.
18 Mestecky, J., C. Czerkinsky, M. W. Russell, T. A. Brown, S. J.Prince, Z. Moldoveanu, S. Jackson, S. M. Michalek and J. R. McGhee. 1987. Induction and molecular properties of secretory and serum IgA antibodies specific for environmental antigens. Ann. Allergy 59:54-59.
19 Mitchell, M. A. and A. J. Carlisle. 1992. The effect of chronic exposure to elevated environmental temperature on intestinal morphology and nutrient absorption in the domestic fowl (Gullus domesticus). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 101A:137-142.
20 Nasir, A., R. P. Moudgal and N. B. Singh. 1999. Involvement of corticosterone in food intake, food passage time and in vivo uptake of nutrients in the chicken (Gallus domesticus). Br. Poult. Sci. 40:517-522.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Pinheiro, D. F., V. C. Cruz, J. R. Sartori and M. L. Vicentini Paulino. 2004. Effect of early feed restriction and enzyme supplementation on digestive enzyme activities in broilers. Poult. Sci. 83:1544-1550.   DOI
22 Poggioli, R., A. Benelli, R. Arletti, E. Cavazzuti and A. Bertolini. 1995. K+ channel openers delay intestinal transit and have antidiarrheal activity. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 287:207-209.   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Prows, D. R., E. J. Murphy and F. Schroeder. 1995. Intestinal and liver fatty acid-binding proteins differentially affect fatty acid uptake and esterification in L-cell. Lipids 30:907-910.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Rajapakse, J. R. P. V., M. D. P. Buddhika, M. Nagataki, H. Nomura, Y. Watanabe, Y. Ikeue and T. Agatsuma. 2010. Effect of sophy beta-glucan on immunity and growth performance in broiler chicken. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 72:1629-1632.   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Jacobi, S. K., N. K. Gabler, K. M. Ajuwon, J. E. Davis and M. E. Spurlock. 2006. Adipocytes, myofibers, and cytokine biology: new horizons in the regulation of growth and body composition. J. Anim. Sci. 84(E-Suppl.):E140-E149.
26 Rajkumar, U., M. R. Reddy, S. V. R. Rao, K. Radhika and M. Shanmugam. 2011. Evaluation of growth, carcass, immune response and stress parameters in naked neck chicken and their normal siblings under tropical winter and summer temperatures. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 24:509-516.   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Garriga, C., R. R. Hunter, C. Amat, J. M. Planas, M. A. Mitchell and M. Moreto. 2006. Heat stress increases apical glucose transport in the chicken jejunum. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 290:R195-201.   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Gilbert, E. R., H. Li, D. A. Emmerson, K. E. Webb Jr. and E. A. Wong. 2007. Developmental regulation of nutrient transporter and enzyme mRNA abundance in the small intestine of broilers. Poult. Sci. 86:1739-1753.   DOI
29 Kellett, G. L. 2001. The facilitated component of intestinal glucose absorption. J. Physiol. 531:585-595.   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Kim, S., K. B. Miska, M. C. Jenkins, R. H. Fetterer, C. M. Cox, L. H. Stuard and R. A. Dalloul. 2010. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of the avian macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Dev. Comp. Immunol. 34:1021-1032.   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Lemmens J. W. T. J. 1995. Nucleic acid levels, cellular activity and growth during the puerulus stage of the Western Pock Lobster (Panulirus Cygnus (George); Decapoda: Palinuridae). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 194:143-156.   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Lessire, M. 1990. Effect of feeding technique, ad libitum, dry or wet force feeding on the metabolisable energy values of raw materials for poultry. Br. Poult. Sci. 31:785-793.   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Apajalathi, J. and A. Kettunen. 2003. Analysis and dietary modulation of the microbial community in the avian gastrointestinal tract. In: Proceedings of the 26th Technical Turkey Conference, Turkeys Magazine, 49-55.
34 Lin, H., E. Decuypere and J. Buyse. 2004. Oxidative stress induced by corticosterone administration in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) 1. Chronic exposure. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 139B:737-744.
35 Livak, K. J. and T. D. Schmittgen. 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the $2^{-{\Delta}{\Delta}CT$ method. Methods 25:402-408.   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Albin, D. M., J. E.Wubben, J. M. Rowlett, K. A. Tappenden and R. A. Nowak. 2007. Changes in small intestinal nutrient transport and barrier function after lipopolysaccharide exposure in two pig breeds. J. Anim. Sci. 85:2517-2523.   DOI   ScienceOn
37 Banaszak, L., N. Winter and Z. Xu. 1994. Lipid-binding protein: a family of fatty acid and retinoid transport protein. Adv. Protein Chem. 45:89-151.   DOI
38 Craviso, G. L., K. P. Garrett and T. L. Clemens. 1987. 1, 25-Dihydroxy vitamin $D_3$ induces the synthesis of vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein in cultured chick kidney cells. Endocrinology 120:894-902.   DOI   ScienceOn
39 Dudley, M. A., L. J. Wykes, A. W. Dudley, Jr., D. G. Burrin, B. L. Nichols, J. Rosenberger, F. Jahoor, W. C. Heird and P. J. Reeds. 1998. Parenteral nutrition selectively decreases protein synthesis in the small intestine. Am. J. Physiol. 274:G131-137.
40 Duarte, C. R. A., M. L. M. Vicentini-Paulino, J. Buratini Jr., A. C. S. Castilho and D. F. Pinheiro. 2011. Messenger ribonucleic acid abundance of intestinal enzymes and transporters in feed-restricted and refed chickens at different ages. Poult. Sci. 90: 863-868.   DOI   ScienceOn
41 Eid, Y. Z., A. Ohtsuka and K. Hayashi. 2003. Tea polychenols reduce glucocorticoid induced growth inhibition and oxidative stress in broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 44:127-132.   DOI   ScienceOn
42 Gal-Garber, O., S. J. Mabjeesh, D. Sklan and Z. Uni. 2000. Partial sequence and expression of the gene for and activity of the sodium glucose transporter in the small intestine of fed, starved and refed chickens. J. Nutr. 130:2174-2179.