Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2010.90569

Effects of Antibiotics, Zinc Oxide or a Rare Earth Mineral-Yeast Product on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Serum Parameters in Weanling Pigs  

Han, Yung-Keun (Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University)
Thacker, Philip A. (Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University)
Publication Information
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences / v.23, no.8, 2010 , pp. 1057-1065 More about this Journal
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to compare the effects of feeding a newly-developed rare earth mineral-yeast product, zinc oxide (ZnO) or antibiotics on the performance, nutrient digestibility and serum parameters of weanling pigs. In experiment 1, 150 crossbred barrows (24 d old and 6.28 kg BW) were fed one of five dietary treatments consisting of an unsupplemented basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with antibiotics (33 ppm tiamulin and 100 ppm chlortetracycline), ZnO (1,500 or 2,500 ppm) or 0.1% peptide-bound rare earth mineral-yeast. In experiment 2, 576 crossbred barrows (28 d old and 7.20 kg BW) were fed the same diets as those used in experiment 1 modified only by the addition of 1.0% Celite 545 to all diets as a digestibility marker. However, the negative control was not included. In experiment 1, weight gain was significantly lower (p<0.05) for pigs fed the negative control than for pigs fed diets supplemented with antibiotics, ZnO, or rare earth mineral-yeast. Pig performance did not differ between pigs fed the four supplemented diets. In experiment 2, there were no differences in performance between pigs fed diets supplemented with antibiotic, ZnO or rare earth mineral-yeast. The digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, calcium, phosphorus and energy were significantly (p<0.01) higher on the rare earth mineral-yeast diet than on diets supplemented with ZnO. In addition, pigs fed the diet supplemented with rare earth mineral-yeast had significantly (p<0.05) higher digestibility of histidine, lysine, threonine and valine than pigs fed the ZnO supplemented diets. Digestibility coefficients for pigs fed antibiotics tended to be intermediate to those of pigs fed rare earth mineralyeast or ZnO. In conclusion, the performance of pigs fed rare earth mineral-yeast was basically equal to that of pigs fed antibiotics or ZnO indicating that rare earth mineral-yeast can be successfully used as a growth promoter in diets fed to nursery pigs. The effects of rare earth mineral-yeast appeared to be mediated through improvements in nutrient digestibility.
Keywords
Piglets; Zinc; Rare Earth Mineral-yeast; Performance; Digestibility; Serum Parameters;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
Times Cited By Web Of Science : 1  (Related Records In Web of Science)
Times Cited By SCOPUS : 1
연도 인용수 순위
1 Kim, Y. Y., D. Y. Kil, H. K. Oh and In K. Han. 2005. Acidifier as an alternative material to antibiotics in animal feed. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 18:1048-1060.   DOI
2 Krafka, B. 1999. Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse an Boden- und Pflanzenproben: Untersuchungen zum Gehalt an Lanthanoiden sowie Vergleich der Multielementanaltik mit aufschlossabhaengigen Analusenmethoden. Disseration rer nat, Technische Unversitaet Muenchen.
3 Li, Z. and L. M. Shuman. 1997. Mobility of Zn, Cd, and Pb in soil as affected by poultry litter extract. 1. Leaching in soil columns. Environ. Pollut. 95:219-226.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Li, D., W. She, L. Gong, W. Yang and S. Yang. 1992. Effects of rare earth elements on the growth and nitrogen balance of growing pigs. Feed Bolan 4:3-4.
5 Li, B. T., A. G. Van Kessel, W. R. Caine, S. X. Huang and R. N. Kirkwood. 2001. Small intestinal morphology and bacterial populations in ileal digesta and feces of newly weaned pigs receiving a high dietary level of zinc oxide. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 81:511-516.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Li, X., J. Yin, D. Li, X. Chen, J. Zang and X. Zhou. 2006. Dietary supplementation with zinc oxide increases IGF-I and IGF-I receptor gene expression in the small intestine of weanling piglets. J. Nutr. 136:1786-1791.
7 Han, Y. K. and P. A. Thacker. 2009. Performance, nutrient digestibility and nutrient balance in weaned pigs fed diets supplemented with antibiotics or zinc oxide. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 8:868-875.   DOI
8 He, R. and Z. Xia. 1998. Effects of rare earth elements on growing and fattening of pigs. Guangxi Agricultural Science 5:243-245.
9 He, M. L., D. Ranz and W. A. Rambeck. 2001. Study on the performance enhancing effect of rare earth elements in growing and fattening pigs. J. Anim. Physiol. A. Anim. Nutr. 85:263-270.   DOI
10 Hedemann, M. S., B. B. Jensen and H. D. Poulsen. 2006. Influence of dietary zinc and copper on digestive enzyme activity and intestinal morphology in weaned pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 84:3310-3320.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Hill, G. M., G. L. Cromwell, T. D. Crenshaw, C. R. Dove, R. C. Ewan, D. A. Knabe, A. J. Lewis, G. W. Libal, D. C. Mahan, G. C. Shurson, L. L. Southern and T. L. Veum. 2000. Growth promotion effects and plasma changes from feeding high dietary concentrations of zinc and copper to weanling pigs (regional study). J. Anim. Sci. 78:1010-1016.
12 Hill, G. M., D. C. Mahan, S. D. Carter, G. L. Cromwell, R. C. Ewan, R. L. Harrold, A. J. Lewis, P. S. Miller, G. C. Shurson and T. L. Veum. 2001. Effect of pharmacological concentrations of zinc oxide with or without the inclusion of an antibacterial agent on nursery pig performance. J. Anim. Sci. 79: 934-941.
13 Holm, A. and H. D. Poulsen. 1996. Zinc oxide in treating E. coli diarrhea in pigs after weaning. Compend. Cont. Educ. Prac. Vet. Food Anim. Med, Manage. 18: S26-S29, S48.
14 Hsu, J. H. and S. L. Lo. 2001. Effect of composting on characterization and leaching of copper, manganese and zinc from swine manure. Environ. Pollut. 114:119-127.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Huang, S. X., M. McFall, A. C. Cegielski and R. N. Kirkwood. 1999. Effect of dietary zinc supplementation on Escherichia coli septicemia in weaned pigs. Swine Health Prod. 7:109-111.
16 Borger, C. 2003. Alternative methoden in der schweinemast. Untersuchungen zum leistungssteigernden Potential Seltener Erden und zur Jodanreicherung im Gewebe durch die Verfuetterung von Meeresalgen. Diss. Med. Vet., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Muenchen, p. 134.
17 Carlson, M. S., G. M. Hill and J. E. Link. 1999. Early- and traditionally weaned nursery pigs benefit from phase-feeding pharmacological concentrations of ZnO: Effect on metallothionein and mineral concentrations. J. Anim. Sci. 77:1199-1207.
18 Cromwell, G. L. 2002. Why and how antibiotics are used in swine production. Anim. Biotechnol. 13:7-27.   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Case, C. L. and M. S. Carlson. 2002. Effect of feeding organic and inorganic sources of additional zinc on growth performance and zinc balance in nursery pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 80:1917-1924.
20 Chaney, R. L. 1993. Zinc phytotoxicity. Pages 135-150. In: Zinc in Soils and Plants (Ed. A. D. Robson). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
21 Eisele, N. 2003. Untersuchungen zum einsatz seltener erden als leistungsfoerderer beim schwein. Diss. Med. Vet., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Muenchen, p. 179.
22 Foerster, D., A. Berk, H. O. Hoppen, W. A. Rambeck and G. Flachowsky. 2008. A note on the effect of rare earth elements on the performance and thyroid hormone status of rearing piglets. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 17:70-74.
23 Fryer, A., E. R. Miller, P. K. Ku and D. E. Ullrey. 1992. Effect of elevated dietary zinc on growth performance of weanling swine. Michigan State Univ. Rep. of Swine Res. 520:128-132.
24 Giboney, P. T. 2005. Mildly elevated liver transaminase levels in the asymptomatic patient. Am. Fam. Physician 71:1105-1110.
25 Hahn, J. D. and D. H. Baker. 1993. Growth and plasma zinc responses of young pigs fed pharmacologic levels of zinc. J. Anim. Sci. 71:3020-3024.
26 Schoene, I. 2009. Untersuchungen zur wirksamkeit von seltenen erden beim ferkel und darstellung der gesetzlichen grundlagen hinsichtlich der zulassung von futtermittelzusatzstoffen. Diss. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Muenchen, p. 149.
27 Adjiri-Awere, A. and T. A. van Lunen. 2005. Subtherapeutic use of antibiotics in pork production: Risks and alternatives. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 85:117-130.   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990. Official Methods of Analysis, 15th edn, AOAC, Washington, D.C.
29 Berenguer, P., S. Cela, F. Santiveri, J. Boixadera and J. Lloveras. 2008. Copper and zinc soil accumulation and plant concentration in irrigated maize fertilized with liquid swine manure. Agron. J. 100:1056-1061.   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Schell, T. C. and E. T. Kornegay. 1996. Zinc concentration in tissues and performance of weanling pigs fed pharmacological levels of zinc from ZnO, Zn-methionine, Zn-lysine, or ZnSO4. J. Anim. Sci. 74:1584-1593.
31 Shen, Q., J. Zhang and C. Wang. 1991. Application of rare earth elements on animal production. Feed Industry 12:21-22.
32 Shen, Y. B., X. S. Piao, S. W. Kim, L. Wang, P. Liu, I. Yoon and Y. G. Zhen. 2009. Effects of yeast culture supplementation on growth performance, intestinal health, and immune response of nursery pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 87:2614-2624.   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Smith, J. W., M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, J. L. Nelssen and B. T. Richert. 1997. Effects of the interrelationship between zinc oxide and copper sulphate on growth performance of early-weaned pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 75:1861-1866.
34 Yuan, F. 1994. The application of rare earth element ion types in agriculture. Hunan Agric. Sci. 2:41-42.
35 Statistix. 1996. Statistix for Windows. Analytical Software. Borland International, Inc.
36 Tokach, L. M., M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, J. L. Nelssen, S. C. Henry and T. A. Marsteller. 1992. Influence of zinc oxide in starter diets on pig performance. In: Proc. Am. Assoc. Swine Prac. p. 411.
37 Turner J. L., S. S. Dritz and J. E. Minton. 2001. Review: Alternatives to conventional antimicrobials in swine diets. Prof. Anim. Scient. 17:217-226.
38 Zhu, X., D. Li, W. Yang, C. Xiao and H. Chen. 1994. Effects of rare earth elements on the growth and nitrogen balance of piglets. Feed Industry 15:23-25.
39 Lu, K. W. and W. Z. Yang. 1996. Effects of rare earth elements on availability of energy and amino acids in broilers. Acta. Agriculture Shanghai (Chinese) 12:78-82.
40 Martinez, C. E. and H. L. Motto. 2000. Solubility of lead, zinc, and copper added to mineral soils. Environ. Pollut. 107:153-158.   DOI   ScienceOn
41 Mathew, A. G., S. E. Chattin, C. M. Robbins and D. A. Golden. 1998. Effects of diret-fed yeast culture on enteric microbial populations, fermentation acids, and performance of weanling pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 76:2138-2145.
42 Monafo, W. W., S. N. Tandon, V. H. Ayvazian, J. Tuchschmidt, A. M. Skinner and F. Deitz. 1976. Cerium nitrate: A new topical antiseptic for extensive burns. Surgery 80:465-473.
43 Muroma, A. 1958. Studies on the bacterial action of salts of certain rare earth metals. Annales Medicinae Experimentalis et Biologiae Fenniae. 36:1-54.
44 Rambeck, W. A., M. L. He, J. Chang, R. Arnold, R. Henkelmann and A. Suess. 1999. Possible role of rare earth elements as growth promoters. In: Vitamine und Zusatzstoffe in der Ernaehrung von Mensh und Tier, 7. Symposium, 22.-23. 9. 1999. Jena, Thueringen, Germany. pp. 311-317.
45 National Research Council. 1998. Nutrient Requirements of Swine. 10th ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
46 Prabucki, A. L., L. Rennerova, H. Vogtmann, C. Wenk and A. Schuerch. 1975. Die Verwendung von 4-N HCL-unloeslicher Asche als Indikator zur Bestimmung der Verdaulichkeit. Institut fuer Tierernaehrung, ETH Zuerich. Misc. Pap. Landbouwhogesch. Weningen. 11,s.113-114.
47 Poulsen, H. D. 1995. Zinc oxide for weanling piglets. Acta Agric. Scand. Sect. A Anim. Sci. 45:159-167.
48 Redling, K. 2006. Rare earth elements in agriculture with emphasis on animal husbandry. Diss. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Muenchen, p. 325.
49 Schneider, B. H. and W. P. Flatt. 1975. The evaluation of feeds through digestibility experiments. University of Georgia Press, Athens, Georgia. 423 pp.
50 Jensen-Waern, M., L. Melin, R. Linberg, A. Johannisson, L. Petersson and P. Wallgrean. 1998. Dietary zinc oxide in weaned pigs: Effects on performance, tissue concentrations, morphology, neutrophil functions and faecal microflora. Res. Vet. Sci. 64:225-231.   DOI   ScienceOn
51 Katouli, M., L. Melin, M. Jensen-Waern, P. Wallgren and R. Mollby. 1999. The effect of zinc oxide supplementation on the stability of the intestinal flora with special reference to composition of coliforms in weaned pigs. J. Appl. Microbiol. 87:564-573.   DOI   ScienceOn
52 Kavanagh, N. T. 1992. The effect of feed supplemented with zinc oxide on the performance of recently weaned pigs. In: Proc. Int. Pig Vet. Meetings. The Hague, The Netherlands. p. 616.