The Effects of Different Copper (Inorganic and Organic) and Energy (Tallow and Glycerol) Sources on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Fecal Excretion Profiles in Growing Pigs |
Huang, Y.
(Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University)
Yoo, J.S. (Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University) Kim, H.J. (Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University) Wang, Y. (Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University) Chen, Y.J. (Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University) Cho, J.H. (Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University) Kim, I.H. (Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University) |
1 | AOAC. 1995. Official methods of analysis. 16th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA |
2 | Cera, K. R., D. C. Mahan and G. A. Reinhart. 1989. Apparent fat digestibilities and performance responses of postweaning swine fed diets supplemented with coconut oil, corn oil or tallow. J. Anim. Sci. 67:2040-2047 |
3 | Kijora, C., H. Bergner, R.-D. Kupsch and L. Hagemann. 1995. Glycerol as a feed component in diets of fattening pigs. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 47:345-360 DOI ScienceOn |
4 | Kornegay, E. T. and M. W. A. Verstegen. 2001. Swine nutrition and environmental pollution and odor control. In: Swine Nutrition. p 611. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL |
5 | Sutton, A. L., K. B. Kephart, M. W. A. Verstegen, T. T. Canh and P. J. Hobbs. 1999. Potential for reduction of odorous compounds in swine manure through diet modifications. J. Anim. Sci. 77:430-439 PUBMED ScienceOn |
6 | Apgar, G. A., E. T. Kornegay, M. D. Lindeman and D. R. Notter. 1995. Evaluation of copper sulfate and a copper lysine complex as growth promoters for weanling swine. J. Anim. Sci. 73:2640-2646 PUBMED ScienceOn |
7 | Curtis, S. E. 1993. Environmental management in animal agriculture. Iowa State University Press, Ames |
8 | Hill, G. M., G. L. Cromwell, T. D. Crenshaw, C. R. Dove, R. C. Ewan, D. A. Knabe, A. J. Lewis, G. W. Libal, D. C. Mahan, G. C. Shurson, L. L. Southern and T. L. Veum. 2000. Growth promotion effects and plasma changes from feeding high dietary concentrations of zinc and copper to weanling pigs (regional study). J. Anim. Sci. 78:1010-1016 PUBMED ScienceOn |
9 | Zhou, W., E. T. Kornegay, H. van Laar, J. W. G. M. Swinkels, E. A. Wong and M. D. Lindemann. 1994. The role of feed consumption and feed efficiency in copper-stimulated growth. J. Anim. Sci. 72:2385-2394 PUBMED ScienceOn |
10 | Aarnink, A. J. A., A. L. Sutton, T. T. Canh, M. W. A. Verstegen and D. J. Langhont. 1998. Dietary factors affecting ammonia and odour release from pig manure. In: Biotechnology in the Feed Industry, Proc. of Alltech's Fourteenth Annual Symposium (Ed. T. P. Lyons and K. A. Jacques). pp. 45-59. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK. |
11 | Kiene, R. P. and M. E. Hines. 1995. Microbial formation of dimethyl sulfide in anoxic Sphagnum peat. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:2720-2726 PUBMED ScienceOn |
12 | Thompson, J. C. and B. B. He. 2006. Characterization of crude glycerol from biodiesel production from multiple feedstocks. Appl. Eng. Agric. 22:261-265 ScienceOn |
13 | Stahly, T. S., G. L. Cromwell and H. J. Monegue. 1980. Effects of the dietary inclusion of copper and (or) antibiotics on the performance of weanling pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 51:1347-1351 PUBMED |
14 | Cerrate, S., F. Yan, Z. Wang, C. Coto, P. Sacakli and P. W. Waldroup. 2006. Evaluation of glycerine from biodiesel production as a feed ingredient for broilers. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 5:1001-1007 DOI |
15 | SAS Inc., 1996. SAS user’s guide. Version 6.12 Edition SAS Inc., Cary, NC, USA |
16 | Spoelstra, S. F. 1980. Origin of objectionable odourous components in piggery wastes and the possibility of applying indicator components for studying odor development. Ag. Environment 5:241-261 DOI ScienceOn |
17 | Roof, M. D. and D. C. Mahan. 1982. Effect of carbadox and various dietary copper levels for weanling swine. J. Anim. Sci. 55:1109-1117 PUBMED |
18 | Rosebrough, R. W., E. Geis, P. James, H. Ota and J. Whitehead. 1980. Effects of dietary energy substitutions on reproductive performance, feed efficiency, and lipogenic enzyme activity on large white turkey hens. Poult. Sci. 59:1485-1492 DOI |
19 | Stansbury, W. F., L. F. Tribble and D. E. Orr, Jr. 1990. Effect of chelated copper sources on performance of nursery and growing pigs. Anim. Sci. 68:1318-1322 |
20 | Ward, J. D., J. W. Spears and E. B. Kegley. 1996. Bioavailability of copper proteinate and copper carbonate relative to copper sulfate in cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 79:127-132 DOI ScienceOn |
21 | Veum, T. L., D. W. Bollinger, M. Ellersieck and J. T. Halley. 1995. Proteinated trace minerals and condensed fish protein digest in weanling pig diets. J. Anim. Sci. 73(Suppl. 1):308(Abstr.) |
22 | Van Gerpen, J. 2005. Biodiesel processing and production. Fuel Process. Technol. 86:1097-1107 DOI ScienceOn |
23 | Dove, C. R. and K. D. Haydon. 1992. The effect of copper and fat addition to the diets of weanling swine on growth performance and serum fatty acids. J. Anim. Sci. 70:805-810 PUBMED |
24 | Fouad, M. T. 1976. The physiochemical role of chelated minerals in maintaining optimal body biological funclions. J. Appl. Nutr. 285 |
25 | Matsui, T. and H. Yano. 1998. Formulation of low pollution feed for animal production. Pages 110-119 in Proc. 8th World Conf. Anim. Prod. Symp. Ser. 1, Seoul, Korea |
26 | NRC. 1998. National Research Council Nutrient Requirements of Swine. 10th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC |
27 | National Biodiesel Board. 2007. Estimated US biodiesel sales. http://www.biodiesel.org/pdf_files/fuelfactsheets/Biodiesel_Sales_Graph.pdf Accessed Dec 22, 2007 |
28 | Simon, A., H. Bergener and M. Schwabe. 1996. Glycerol-feed ingredient for broiler chickens. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 49:103-112 DOI ScienceOn |
29 | Tucker, M. R. 1997. Experiences with metal toxicities in North Carolina. Pages 97-100 in Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Soil Sci. Soc. of North Carolina, Raleigh |
30 | Cromwell, G. L., T. S. Stahly and W. D. Williams. 1981. Efficacy of copper as a growth promotant and its interaction with sulfur and antibiotics for swine. Proc. Distill. Feed Conf. 36:15-23 |
31 | Bunch, R. J., J. T. McCall, V. C. Speer and V. W. Hays. 1965. Copper supplementation for weanling pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 24:995-1000 |
32 | Armstrong, T. A., D. R. Cook, M. M. Ward, C. M. Williams and J. W. Spears. 2004. Effect of dietary copper source (cupric citrate and cupric sulfate) and concentration on growth performance and fecal copper excretion in weanling pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 82:1234-1240 PUBMED ScienceOn |
33 | Braude, R. 1967. Copper as a stimulant in pig feed (cuprum propecunia). World Rev. Anim. Prod. 3:69-81 |
34 | Ma, F. and M. A. Hanna. 1999. Biodiesel production: A review. Bioresour. Technol. 70:1-15 DOI ScienceOn |
35 | Creech, B. L., J. W. Spears, W. L. Flowers, G. M. Hill, K. E. Lloyd, T. A. Armstrong and T. E. Engle. 2004. Effect of dietary trace mineral concentration and source (inorganic vs. chelated) on performance, mineral status, and fecal mineral excretion in pigs from weaning through finishing. J. Anim. Sci. 82:2140- 2147 PUBMED ScienceOn |
36 | Gilley, J. E., D. P. Spare, R. K. Koelsch, D. D. Schulte, P. S. Miller and A. M. Parkhurst. 2000. Phototrophic anaerobic lagoons as affected by copper and zinc in swine diets. Trans. ASAE (Am. Soc. Agric. Eng.) 43:1853-1859 |
37 | Dove, C. R. 1995. The effect of copper level on nutrient utilization of weanling pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 73:166-171 PUBMED ScienceOn |
38 | Veum, T. L., M. S. Carlson, C. W. Wu, D. W. Bollinger and M. R. Ellersieck. 2004. Copper proteinate in weanling pig diets for enhancing growth performance and reducing fecal copper excretion compared with copper sulfate. J. Anim. Sci. 82:1062-1070 PUBMED ScienceOn |
39 | Canh, T. T., A. L. Sutton, A. J. A. Aarnink, M. W. A. Verstegen, J. W. Schrama and G. C. M. Bakker. 1998. Dietary carbohydrates alter the fecal composition and pH and the ammonia emission from slurry of growing pigs. J. Anim. Aci. 76:1887-1895 ScienceOn |
40 | Hedemann, M. S., B. B. Jensen and H. D. Poulsen. 2006. Influence of dietary zinc and copper on digestive enzyme activity and intestinal morphology in weaned pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 84:3310-3320 DOI ScienceOn |