Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2010.10118

Vitellogenin Induction and Histo-metabolic Changes Following Exposure of Cyprinus carpio to Methyl Paraben  

Barse, A.V. (National Environmental Engineering Research Institute)
Chakrabarti, T. (National Environmental Engineering Research Institute)
Ghosh, T.K. (National Environmental Engineering Research Institute)
Pal, A.K. (Central Institute of Fisheries Education)
Kumar, Neeraj (Central Institute of Fisheries Education)
Raman, R.P. (Central Institute of Fisheries Education)
Jadhao, S.B. (Central Institute of Fisheries Education)
Publication Information
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences / v.23, no.12, 2010 , pp. 1557-1565 More about this Journal
Abstract
Methyl paraben (MP), which is used as a preservative in pharmaceutical and cosmetic (shampoo) products, foods and beverages, enters into the aquatic environment and can pose a potential fish health hazard. In this experiment, effects of MP were evaluated in adult male common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by exposing them to fractions (1/$143^{rd}$ to 1/29th) of the $LC_{50}$ dose with every change of water for 28 days. Vitellogenin induction, metabolic enzymes, somatic indices and bioaccumulation were studied at weekly intervals. The $96^{th}$ h $LC_{50}$ of MP in fingerlings was 120 mg/L. Compared to the control, except for increases (p<0.01) in alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) and liver size, there were decreases (p<0.01) in activity of acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2), aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), and testiculosomatic index following exposure to any dose of MP. Vitellogenin induction was significantly higher (p<0.01) in exposed than unexposed (control) fish. The bioaccumulation of MP in testis, liver, brain, gills and muscle tissues of fish increased significantly (p<0.01) with increase of dose from 0.84 ppm to 1.68 ppm. Dose and duration of exposure (p<0.01) indicated that an exposure period of 1 to 2 weeks was sufficient to cause changes in the quantifiable parameters studied. Fish exposed to 4.2 ppm MP became lethargic after the $26^{th}$ d. Histologically, degeneration, vacuolization and focal necrotic changes in liver and fibrosis-like changes in testicular tissue were noted.
Keywords
Methyl Paraben; Fish; Endocrine Disruption; $LC_{50}$; Vitellogenin; Metabolic Enzymes; Histopathology; Bioaccumulation;
Citations & Related Records

Times Cited By Web Of Science : 0  (Related Records In Web of Science)
Times Cited By SCOPUS : 0
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 U.S Environmental Protection Agency, 1985. Methods for estimating the acute toxicity of effluents to fresh water and marine organisms. EPA -600/4-85/013.Washington, DC.
2 Veith, G. D., D. L. Defoe and B. V. Bergstedt. 1979. Measuring and estimating the bioconcentration factor of chemicals in fish. J. Fish Res. Board Can. 36:1040-1047.   DOI
3 Verslyke, T., G. F. Vandenbergh, B. Versonnen, K. Arijs and C. R. Janssen. 2002. Induction of vitellogenesis in $17{alpha}-ethinylestradiol-exposed$ rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): a method comparison. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C 132:483-492.
4 Wang, S. P. and C. L. Chang. 1998. Determination of parabens in cosmetic products by supercritical fluid extraction and capillary zone electrophoresis. Anal. Chim. Acta. 377:85-93.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Washburn, B. S., J. S. Krantz, E. H. Avery and R. A. Freeland. 1993. Effects of estrogen on gluconeogenesis and related parameters in male rainbow trout. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 264: R720-R725.
6 Watts, R. D. and D. C. Watts. 1974. In: Chemical zoology (Ed. M. Florkin, B. T. Scheer) Vol VIII. Dueterostomians Cyclostomes and Fishes, Academic Press, New York.
7 Wooten, I. D. P. 1946. Microanalysis. In: Medical Biochemistry. 4th edn. J. & A. Churchill, London: 101-107.
8 McKim, J. M. 1977. Evaluation of tests with the early life stages of fish for predicting long-term toxicity. J. Fish Res. Bd. Can. 34:1148-1154.   DOI
9 Mushigeri, S. B. and M. David. 2005. Fenvalerate induced changes in the Ach and associated AchE activity in different tissues of fish Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) under lethal and sub-lethal exposure period. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 20:65-72.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Nipa, 1991. Nipa Laboratories Ltd. Finished product specification on Nipagin M. Reference No. P-M1., Nipa Laboratories Ltd., Mid Glamorgan, United Kingdom.
11 Palmer, B. D., L. K. Huth, D. L. Pieto and K. W. Selcer. 1998. Vitellogenin as a biomarker for xenobiotic estrogens in an amphibian model system. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 17:30-36.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Pedersen, K. L., S. N. Pedersen, L. B. Christiansen, B. Korsgaard and P. Bjerregaard. 2000. The preservatives ethyl- propyl- and butylparaben are oestrogenic in an in vivo fish assay. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 86:110-113.   DOI
13 Persky, V., M. Turyk, H. A. Anderson, L. P. Hanrahan, C. Falk, D. N. Steenport, R. Chatterton, Jr and S. Freels. 2001. The effects of PCB exposure and fish consumption on endogenous hormones. Environ. Health Perspect. 109:1275-1283.   DOI
14 Rastogi, S. C., A. Schouten, N. De Kruijf and J. W. Weijland. 1995. Contents of methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl- and benzylparaben in cosmetic products. Contact Dermatitis 32:28-30.   DOI
15 Harvey, P. W. and P. D. Darbre. 2004. Endocrine disrupters and human health. J. Appl. Toxicol. 24:167-176.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Routledge, E. J., J. Parker, J. Odum, J. Ashbyand and J. P. Sumpter. 1998. Some alkyl hydroxy benzoate preservatives (parabens) are estrogenic. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 153:12-19.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Sumpter, J. P. and S. Jobling. 1995. Vitellogenesis as a biomarker for estrogenic contamination of the aquatic environment. Environ. Health Perspect. 103(Suppl 7):173-178.   DOI
18 Ghosh, A., S. K. Saha and P. K. Chakraborty. 1985. Carp production using domestic sewage, Aquacult. Extension Manual, Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, India.
19 Hossaini, A., J. J. Larsen and J. C. Larsen. 2000. Lack of oestrogenic effects of food preservatives (parabens) in uterotrophic assays. Food Chem. Toxicol. 38:319-323.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Jana, B. B. 1998. Sewage fed aquaculture: The Calcutta model. Ecol. Engg. 11:73-85.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Jobling, S., D. Sheahan, J. A. Osborne, P. Mathiessen and J. P. Sumpter. 1996. Inhibition of testicular growth in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss exposed to estrogenic alkylphenolic chemicals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 15:194-202.   DOI
22 Kinnberg, K., B. Korsgaard, P. Bjerregaard and A. Jespersen. 2000. Effects of nonylphenol and 17b-estradiol on vitellogenin synthesis and testis morphology in male platyfish Xiphophorus macualatus. J. Exp. Biol. 203:171-181.
23 Datta, S. and A. K. Pal. 2005. Environmentally sustainable management techniques for sewage fed aquaculture. In Biotechnology in Environmental Management, Vol 1. (Ed. T. K. Ghosh, T. Chakrabarti and G. Tripathi) Publisher A.P.H publishing corporation New Delhi. pp. 339-360.
24 Komen, J., P. A. J. Lodder, F. Huskens, C. J. J. Richter and E. A. Huisman. 1989. Effect of oral administration of 17 ${alpha}-methyltestosterone$ and 17 ${beta}-estradiol$ on gonadal development in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Aquaculture 78: 349-363.   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Korsgaard, B., J. Emmersen and I. M Petersen. 1983. Estradiol induced hepatic protein synthesis and transaminase activity in the male flounder Platichthys flesus. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 50:11-17.   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Martin, D. W., P. A. Mayers and V. W. Rodwell. 1983. In: Harper's review of biochemistry, lange medical publications, Maruzen Asia.
27 Denslow, C., E. J. Routledge, G. C. Brighty, J. P. Sumpter and M. Waldock. 1999. Vitellogenin as a biomarker of exposure for estrogen or estrogen mimics. Ecotoxicology 8:385-398.   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Elder, R. L. 1984. Final report on the saftey assessment of methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben and butyl paraben. J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. 3:147-209.   DOI
29 Elliot, J. A. K., N. R. Bromage and C. Whitehead. 1979. Effects of $estradiol-17{beta}$ on serum calcium vitellogenin levels in rainbow trout. J. Endocrinol. 83:54-55.
30 Folmar, L. C., N. D. Denslow, R. A. Wallace, G. LaFleur, T. S. Gross, S. Bonomelli and C. V. Sullivan. 1995. A highly conserved N-terminal sequence for teleost vitellogenin with potential value to the biochemistry, molecular biology and pathology of vitellogenesis. J. Fish Biol. 46:255-263.   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Barse, A. V., T. Chakrabarti, T. K. Ghosh, A. K Pal and S. B Jadhao. 2007. Endocrine disruption and metabolic changes following exposure of Cyprinus carpio to diethyl phthalate. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 88:36-42.   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Garen, A. and C. A. Levinthal. 1960. Fine structure genetic and chemical study of the enzyme Alkaline phosphatase of E. coli. I. Purification and characterization of alkaline phosphatase. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 38:470.   DOI
33 Gimeno, S., H. Komen, S. Jobling, J. Sumptor and T. Bowmer. 1998. Demasculinization of sexually mature male common carp, Cyprinus carpio, exposed to 4-tert-pentylphenol during spermatogenesis. Aquat. Toxicol. 43:77-92.   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Ghorpade, N., V. Mehta, M. Khare, P. Sinkar, S. Krishnan and C. Vaman Rao. 2002. Toxicity study of diethyl phthalate on freshwater fish Cirrhina mrigala. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 53:255-258.   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Bjerregaard, P., D. N. Andersen, K. L. Pedersen, S. N. Pedersen and B Korsgaard. 2003. Estrogenic effect of propylparaben (propylhydroxybenzoate) in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss after exposure via food and water. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharmacol. 136: 309-317.   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Billard, R. 1986. Spermatogenesis and spermatology of some teleost fish species. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 26:877-920.   DOI
37 Boseveld, A. T. C. and M. Vanden Berg. 2002. Reproductive failure and endocrine disruption by organohalogens in fisheating birds. Toxicology 27:181-182.
38 Bragadin, M., G. Perin, S. Raccanelli and S. Manente. 1996. The accumulation in lysosomes of the anionic detergent linear alkylbenzene sulfonate. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 15:1749-1751.
39 Christensen, L. J., K. L. Pedersen, B. Korsgaard and P. Bjerregaard. 1998. Estrogenicity of xenobiotics in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using in vivo synthesis of vitellogenin as a biomarker. Mar. Environ. Res. 46:137-140.   DOI   ScienceOn
40 Cajaraville, M. P., M. J. Bebianno, J. Blasco, C. Porte, C. Sarasquete and A. Viarengo. 2000. The use of biomarkers to assess the impact of pollution in coastal environments of the Iberian Peninsula: a practical approach. Sci. Total Environ. 247:295-311.   DOI   ScienceOn
41 Christensen, L. J., B. Korsgaard and P. Bjerregaard. 1999. The effect of 4-nonylphenol on the synthesis of vitellogenin in the flounder Platichthys flesus. Aquat. Toxicol. 46:211-219.   DOI   ScienceOn
42 Barse, A. V., T. Chakrabarti, T. K. Ghosh, A. K Pal and S. B Jadhao. 2006. One-tenth dose of LC50 of 4-tert-butylphenol causes endocrine disruption and metabolic changes in Cyprinus carpio. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 86:172-179.   DOI   ScienceOn
43 Alikunhi, K. H. 1966. Synopsis of biological data on common carp Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) (Asia and Far East). FAO. Fish synop. p. 31:73.
44 Akhtar, J. A., S. Khan, I. M. Roy and I. A Jafri. 1996. High performance liquid chromatography determination, phenomenon, methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, n-propyl paraben, iso-butyl paraben, n-butyl paraben and crocoanozole HCL. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 14:1607-1613.
45 American Public Health Association 1985. American water Works Association, and Water Pollution Control Federation, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 16th ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.