Gelatinized Carbohydrates in the Diet of Catla catla Fingerlings: Effect of Levels and Sources on Nutrient Utilization, Body Composition and Tissue Enzyme Activities |
Yengkokpam, Sona
(Department of Fish Nutrition and Biochemistry, Central Institute of Fisheries Education Fisheries University)
Sahu, N.P. (Department of Fish Nutrition and Biochemistry, Central Institute of Fisheries Education Fisheries University) Pal, A.K. (Department of Fish Nutrition and Biochemistry, Central Institute of Fisheries Education Fisheries University) Mukherjee, S.C. (Department of Fish Pathology and Microbiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Fisheries University) Debnath, Dipesh (Department of Fish Nutrition and Biochemistry, Central Institute of Fisheries Education Fisheries University) |
1 | Wang, J. F., M. Wang, D. J. Lin, B. B. Jensen and Y. H. Zhu. 2006. The effect of source of dietary fibre and starch on ileal and fecal amino acid digestibility in growing pigs. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 19:1040-1046. DOI |
2 | Wilson, R. P. 1994. Utilization of dietary carbohydrate by fish. Aquacult. 124:67-80. DOI ScienceOn |
3 | Morel, P. C. H., J. Melai, S. L. Eady and G. D. Coles. 2005. Effect of non starch polysaccharides and resistant starch on mucin secretion and endogenous amino acid lossed in pigs. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 18:1634-1641. DOI |
4 | Silano, V., M. Furiaa, L. Gianfreda, A. Macri, R. Palescandolo, A. Rab, V. Scardi, E. Stella and F. Valfre. 1975. Inhibition of amylases from different origins by albumins from the wheat kernal. Biochem. Biophys. Acta. 391:170-178. DOI ScienceOn |
5 | Storebakken, T. 1985. Binders in fish feed. I. Effects on alginate and guar gum on growth, digestibility, feed intake and passage through the gastrointestinal tract of rainbow trout. Aquacult. 47:11-26. DOI ScienceOn |
6 | Walter, H. E. 1984. Proteinases: methods with haemoglobin, casein and azocoll as substrates. In: Methods of Enzymatic Analysis (Ed. H. V. Bergmeyer). Vol. V, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim. pp. 270-277. |
7 | Walton, M. J. 1986. Metabolic effects of feeding a high protein low carbohydrate diets compared to a low protein/high carbohydrate diet to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Fish Physiol. Biochem. 1:7-15. DOI ScienceOn |
8 | Wang, C. L., W. Q. Lu, D. F. Li and J. J. Xing. 2005. Effects of alpha-galactosidase supplementation to corn-soybean meal diets on nutrient utilization, performance, serum indices and organ weight in broilers. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 18:1761-1768. 과학기술학회마을 DOI |
9 | Tafaj, M., V. Kolaneci, B. Junck, A. Maulbetsch, H. Steingass and W. Brochner. 2005. Influence of fibre content and concentrate level on chewing activity, ruminant digestion, digesta passage rate and nutrient digestibility in dairy cows in late lactation. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 18:1116-1124. DOI |
10 | Wooten, I. 1964. IDP Microanalysis. In: Medical Biochemistry (Ed. J. Churchill and A. Churchill). 4th Ed. pp. 101-107. |
11 | Hemre, G. I., O. Lie and A. Sundby. 1993. Dietary carbohydrate utilization in cod (Gadus morhua): metabolic responses to feeding and fasting. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 10:455-463. DOI ScienceOn |
12 | Hemre, G. I., O. Lie, E. Lied and G. Lambertsen. 1989. Starch as an energy source in feed for cod (Gadus morhua): digestibility and retention. Aquacult. 80:261-270. DOI ScienceOn |
13 | Shimeno, S. and T. Shikata. 1993. Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in fish. XV. Effects of acclimatization temperature and feeding rate on carbohydrate metabolizing enzyme activity and lipid content of common carp. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish. 59:661-666. DOI ScienceOn |
14 | Podoskina, T. A., A. G. Podoskin and E. N. Bekina. 1997. Efficiency of utilization of some starch modification by rainbow trout (O. mykiss). Aquacult. 152:235-248. DOI ScienceOn |
15 | Shiau, S. Y. 1997. Utilization of carbohydrate in warm water fish with particular reference to tilapia, Oreochromis niloticusxO. aureus. Aquacult. 151:79-96. DOI ScienceOn |
16 | Shikata, T., D. Kheyyali and S. Shimeno. 1993. Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in fish. XV. Effect of feeding rates on hepatopancrease enzymes and body composition in common carps. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish. 59:835-839. DOI |
17 | Seenappa, D. and K. V. Devaraj. 1995. Effects of different levels of protein, fat and carbohydrate on growth, feed utilization and body carcass composition of fingerlings in Catla catla (Ham.). Aquacult. 129:243-249. DOI ScienceOn |
18 | Rick, W. and H. P. Stegbauer. 1974. Amylase measurement of reducing groups. In: Methods of Enzymatic Analysis (Ed. H. V. Bergmeyer), 2nd Ed., Vol. II, Academic Press, New York, USA. pp. 885-889. |
19 | Schwarz, F. J. and M. Kirchgessner. 1991. Influence of different carbohydrates on digestibility, growth and carcass composition of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). In: Fish Nutrition in Practice (Ed. S. J. Kaushik and P. Luquet). IV International Symposium on Fish Nutrition and Feeding, INRA, Paris. pp. 475-478. |
20 | Singh, R. P. and T. Nose. 1967. Digestibility of carbohydrates in young rainbow trout. Bull. Fresh. Fish. Res. Lab. 17:21-25. |
21 | Nagai, M. and S. Ikeda. 1973. Carbohydrate metabolism in fish- III. Effect of dietary composition on metabolism of glucose-U-14C and glutamate-U-14C in carp. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish. 38:137-143. |
22 | Meton, I., D. Mediavilla, A. Caseras, E. Canto, F. Fernandez and I. V. Baanante. 1999. Effect of diet composition and ration size on key enzyme activities of glycolysis-gluconeogenesis, the pentose phosphate pathway and amino acid metabolism in liver of gilthead sea bream (Sparus auratus). Br. J. Nutr. 82:223-232. |
23 | Pfeffer, E., J. Beckmann-Toussaint, B. Henrichfreise and H. D. Jansen. 1991. Effect of extrusion on efficiency of utilization of maize starch by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquacult. 96:293-303. DOI ScienceOn |
24 | Mohapatra, M., N. P. Sahu and A. Chaudhari. 2003. Utilization of gelatinized carbohydrate in diets in Labeo rohita fry. Aqua. Nutr. 9:189-196. DOI ScienceOn |
25 | Marjorie, A. S. 1964. In: Methods in Enzymology (Ed. S. P. Colowick and N. O. Kalpan). Vol. II, Academic Press Inc., New York, USA. p. 541. |
26 | Lowry, O. H., N. J. Ronebrough, A. L. Farr and R. J. Randall. 1951. Protein measurement with Folin Phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193:265-276. |
27 | Lei, Q. X., F. C. Li and H. C. Jiao. 2004. Effects of dietary crude protein on growth performance, nutrient utilization, immunity index and protease activity in weaner to 2 month-old New Zealand rabbits. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 17:1447-1451. 과학기술학회마을 DOI |
28 | Likimani, T. A. and R. P. Wilson. 1982. Effects of diet on lipogenic enzyme activities in channel catfish hepatic and adipose tissue. J. Nutr. 112:112-117. DOI |
29 | Kim, J. D. and S. J. Kaushik. 1992. Contribution of digestible energy from carbohydrates and estimation of protein/energy requirements for growth of rainbow trout. Aquacult. 106:161-169. DOI ScienceOn |
30 | Inaba, D., C. Ogino, C. Takamatsu, T. Ueda and K. Kurokawa. 1963. Digestibility of dietary components in fishes-II. Digestibility of dietary protein and starch in rainbow trout. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish. 29:242-244. DOI |
31 | Jauncey, K. 1982. The effects of varying dietary protein level on the growth, feed conversion, protein utilization and body composition of juvenile tilapia Sarotherodon mossambicus. Aquacult. 27:43-54. DOI ScienceOn |
32 | Hung, L. T., J. Lazard, C. Mariojouls and Y. Moreau. 2002. Comparison of starch utilization in fingerlings of two Asian catfishes from the Mekong river (Pangasius bocourti Sauvage, 1880, Pangasius hypophthalmus Sauvage, 1878). Aqua. Nutr. 8:1-8. DOI ScienceOn |
33 | Hofer, R. and C. Sturmbauer. 1985. Inhibition of trout and carp - amylase by wheat. Aquacult. 48:227-283. |
34 | Hilton, J. W. and S. J. Slinger. 1983. Effect of wheat bran replacement of wheat middling in extrusion processed (floating) diets on the growth of juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Aquacult. 35:201-210. DOI ScienceOn |
35 | Hilton, J. W., J. L. Atkinson and S. J. Slinger. 1982. Maximum tolerable level, digestion and metabolism of D-glucose (cerelose) in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) reared on a practical trout diet. Can. J. Fish. Aqua. Sci. 39:1229-1234. DOI |
36 | Hemre, G. I., O. Torrissen, A. Krogdahl and O. Lie. 1995b. Glucose tolerance in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), dependence on pre-adaptation to dietary starch and water temperature. Aqua. Nutr. 2:69-75. |
37 | Hidalgo, M. C., E. Urea and A. Sanz. 1999. Comparative study of digestive enzymes in fish with different nutritional habits: Proteolytic and amylase activities. Aquacult. 170:267-283. DOI ScienceOn |
38 | Hassid, W. J. and S. Abraham. 1957. Chemical procedure for analysis of polysaccharides. In: Methods in Enzymology (Ed. S. P. Colowick and N. O. Kalpan). Vol. III, Academic Press Inc., New York, USA. pp. 35-36. |
39 | Halver, J. E. 1976. The nutritional requirements of cultivated warm water and cold water fish species. Paper No. 31. In: FAO Technical Conference on Aquaculture, Kyoto, 26 May to 2 June. p. 9. |
40 | Han, Y. K., H. W. Soita and P. A. Thacker. 2005. Performance and carcass composition of growing-finishing pigs fed wheat or corn-based diets. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 18:704-710. 과학기술학회마을 DOI |
41 | Grisdale-Helland, B. and S. J. Helland. 1997. Replacement of protein by fat and carbohydrate in diets of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at the end of the freshwater stage. Aquacult. 152:167-180. DOI ScienceOn |
42 | Guraya, H. S. and R. T. Toledo. 1993. Determining gelatinized starch in a dry starchy product. J. Food Sci. 58:888. DOI ScienceOn |
43 | Furuichi, M. and Y. Yone. 1981. Changes of blood sugar and plasma insulin levels of fishes in glucose tolerance tests. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish. 46:225-229. |
44 | Fynn-Aikins, K., S. G. Hughes and G. W. Vandenberg. 1995. Protein retention and liver aminotranferase activities in Atlantic salmon fed diets containing different energy sources. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 111A:163-170. |
45 | Kaushik, S. J. and A. De Oliva-teles. 1985. Effects of digestible energy on nitrogen and energy balance in rainbow trout. Aquacult. 50:89-101. DOI ScienceOn |
46 | Kaushik, S. J., F. Medale, B. Fauconneau and D. Blanc. 1989. Effects of digestible carbohydrates on protein/energy utilization and on glucose metabolism in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Aquacult. 79:63-74. DOI ScienceOn |
47 | Chanjula, P., M. Wanapat, C. Wachirapakorn and P. Rowlinson. 2004. Effect of synchronizing starch sources and protein (NPN) in the rumen on feed intake, rumen microbial fermentation, nutrient utilization and performance of lactating dairy cows. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 17:1400-1410. 과학기술학회마을 DOI |
48 | Degani, G. and S. Viola. 1987. The protein sparing effect of carbohydrates in the diet of eels (Anguilla anguilla). Aquacult. 64:283-291. DOI ScienceOn |
49 | DeMoss, R. D. 1955. Glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides. In: Methods in Enzymology (Ed. S. P. Colowick and N. O. Kalpan). Vol. I, Academic Press Inc., New York, USA. pp. 328-332. |
50 | Deng, D. F., S. Refstie, G. I. Hemre, C. E. Crocker, H. Y. Chen, J. J. Cech and S. S. O. Hung. 2000. A new technique of feeding repeated sampling of blood and continuous collection of urine in white sturgeon. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 22:191-197. DOI ScienceOn |
51 | Cowey, C. B. and M. J. Walton. 1989. Intermediary metabolism. In: Fish Nutrition (Ed. J. E. Halver). Academic Press, San Diego, CA. pp. 260-321 |
52 | Crane, R. K. and A. Sols. 1955. Hexokinase in animal tissue. In: Methods in Enzymology (Ed. S. P. Colowick and N. O. Kalpan). Vol. I, Academic Press Inc., New York, USA. pp. 277-279. |
53 | Hemre, G. I. 2002. Carbohydrates in fish nutrition: effects on growth, glucose metabolism and hepatic enzymes. Aqua. Nutr. 8:175-194. DOI ScienceOn |
54 | Hemre, G. I., K. Sandnes, O. Lie, O. Torrissen and R. Waagbo. 1995a. Carbohydrate nutrition in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.: growth and feed utilization. Aqua. Res. 26:149-154. DOI ScienceOn |
55 | AOAC. 1995. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International (16th Ed.), Vol. 1, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, USA. |
56 | Bergot, F. 1979. Carbohydrate in rainbow trout diets: effects of the level and source of carbohydrate and the number of meals on growth and body composition. Aquacult. 78:157-167. |
57 | Bergot, F. 1991. Digestibility of native starches of various botanical origins by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In: Fish Nutrition in Practice (Ed. S. J. Kaushik and P. Luquet). IV International Symposium on Fish Nutrition and Feeding, INRA, Paris. pp. 857-865. |
58 | Bergot, F. and J. Breque. 1983. Digestibility of starch by rainbow trout: effects of the physical state of starch and of the intake level. Aquacult. 34:543-547. |
59 | APHA. 1985. Standards methods for the examination of water and wastewater (16th Ed.), American Public Health Association, Washington, DC. |
60 | Brauge, C., F. Medale and G. Corraze. 1994. Effect of dietary carbohydrate levels on growth, body composition and glycaemia in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, reared in seawater. Aquacult. 123:109-120. DOI ScienceOn |
61 | Borrebaek, B. and B. Christophersen. 2001. Activities of glucose phosphorylation, glucose-6-phosphatase and lipogenic enzymes in the liver of perch, Perca fluviatilis, after different dietary treatment. Aqua. Res. 32:221-224. DOI ScienceOn |
62 | Borrebaek, B., R. Waagbo, B. Christopherson, M. A. Tranulis and G. I. Hemre. 1993. Adaptable hexokinase with low affinity for glucose in the liver of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 106B:833-836. |
63 | Borrebaek, B. and B. Christophersen. 2000. Hepatic glucose phosphorylating activities in perch (Perca fluviatilis) after different dietary treatments. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 125B:387-393. |