The Effects of Dietary Supplementation of L-carnitine and Humic Substances on Performance, Egg Traits and Blood Parameters in Laying Hens |
Yalcin, Sakine
(Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Nutrition)
Ergun, Ahmet (Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Nutrition) Ozsoy, Bulent (Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Nutrition) Yalcin, Suzan (Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology) Erol, Handan (Abant Izzet Baysal University, Mudurnu Vocational School of Higher Education) Onbasilar, Ilyas (Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory Animal Husbandry and Research Unit) |
1 | Bremer, J. 1983. Carnitine: metabolism and functions. Physiol. Rev. 63:1420-1480 DOI |
2 | Buyse, J., G. P. J. Janssens and E. Decuypere. 2001. The effects of dietary L-carnitine supplementation on the performance, organ weights and circulating hormone and metabolite concentrations of broiler chickens reared under a normal or low temperature schedule. Br. Poult. Sci. 42:230-241 DOI |
3 | Celik, L. and O. Ozturkcan. 2003. Effects of dietary supplemental L-carnitine and ascorbic acid on performance, carcass composition and plasma L-carnitine concentration of broiler chicks reared under different temperature. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 57:27-38 DOI ScienceOn |
4 | Daskıran, M. and R. G. Teeter. 2001. Effects of dietary L-carnitine (carniking) supplementation on overall performance and carcass characteristics of seven-week-old broiler chickens. Animal Science Research Report. http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/ research/2001rr/35/35.htm |
5 | Hayirli, A., N. Esenbuga, M. Macit, E. Lacin, M. Karaoglu, H. Karaca and L. Yildiz. 2005. Nutrition practice to alleviate the adverse effects of stress on laying performance, metabolic profile, and egg quality in peak producing hens: I. The humate supplementation. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 18:1310-1319 DOI |
6 | Islam, K. M. S., A. Schuhmacher and J. M. Gropp. 2005. Humic acid substances in animal agriculture. Pakistan J. Nutr. 4:126- 134 DOI |
7 | Kucukersan, S., K. Kucukersan, I. Colpan, E. Goncuoglu, Z. Reisli and D. Yesilbag. 2005. The effects of humic acid on egg production and egg traits of laying hen. Vet. Med.-Czech. 50:406-410 |
8 | Lien, T-F. and Y-M. Horng. 2001. The effect of supplementary dietary L-carnitine on the growth performance, serum components, carcase traits and enzyme activities in relation to fatty acid -oxidation of broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 42:92-95 DOI ScienceOn |
9 | Tancho, A. 1999. The effect of humic acid supplement on egg performance and egg quality of laying hen during 28-47 weeks of age. 30th Anniversary Kaset Ladkrabang, 24-26 June 1999. http://www.kmitl.ac.th/agritech30/example.doc |
10 | Weeden, T. L., J. L. Nelssen, J. A. Hansen, G. E. Fitzner and R. D. Goodband. 1991.The effect of L-carnitine on starter pig performance and carcass composition. J. Anim. Sci. 69(Suppl.) 105(Abstr.) |
11 | Xu, Z. R., M. Q. Wang, H. X. Mao, X. A. Zhan and C. H. Hu. 2003. Effects of L-carnitine on growth performance, carcass composition, and metabolism of lipids in male broilers. Poult. Sci. 82:408-413 DOI |
12 | Yalcin, S., A. Ergun, H. Erol, S. Yalcin and B. Ozsoy. 2005. Use of L-carnitine and humate in laying quail diets. Acta Vet. Hung. 53:361-370 DOI ScienceOn |
13 | Celik, L., A. Tekeli and O. Pzturkcan. 2004. The effects of supplemental L-carnitine in drinking water on performance and egg quality of laying hens exposed to a high ambient temperature. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 88:229-233 DOI ScienceOn |
14 | Parks, C., P. R. Ferket, L. N. Thomas and J. L. Grimes. 1986. Growth performance and immunity of turkeys fed high and low crude protein diets supplemented with Menefee humate. Poult. Sci. 75:138-143 |
15 | Yoruk, M. A., M. Gul, A. Hayırlı and M. Macit. 2004. The effects of supplementation of humate and probiotic on egg production and quality parameters during the late laying period in hens. Poult. Sci. 83:84-88 DOI |
16 | Kita, K., S. Kato, M. Aman Yaman, J. Okumura and H. Yokota. 2002. Dietary L-carnitine increases plasma insulin-like growth factor-I concentration in chicks fed a diet with adequate dietary protein level. Br. Poult. Sci. 43:117-121 DOI ScienceOn |
17 | Rabie, M. H., M. Szilagyi and T. Gippert. 1997. Effects of dietary L-carnitine on the performance and egg quality of laying hens from 65-73 weeks of age. Br. J. Nutr. 78:615-623 DOI ScienceOn |
18 | Dawson, B. and R. G. Trapp. 2001. Basic and Clinical Biostatistics. 3rd edn. Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division, New York |
19 | Yalcin, S., A. Sehu, E. E. Onbasilar and T. Sahin. 2003. The effects of dietary humate and probiotic supplementation on performance of broiler. Vet. J. Ankara Univ. 50:239-244. Turkish with english summary |
20 | AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. 14th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Arlington, Virginia |
21 | Card, L. E. and M. C. Nesheim. 1972. Poultry Production. 11th edn. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia |
22 | Eren, M., G. Deniz, S. S. Gezen and I. I. Turkmen. 2000. Effects of humates supplemented to the broiler feeds on fattening performance, serum mineral concentration and bone ash. Vet. J. Ankara Univ. 47:255-263. Turkish with english summary |
23 | Ozcelik, H. and S. Yalcin. 2004. The usage of L-carnitine and sodium humate in broiler rations. Vet. J. Ankara Univ. 51:63- 69. Turkish with english summary |
24 | Kita, K., S. Nakajima and J. Nakagawa. 2005. Dietary L-carnitine supplementation improves albumen quality of laying hens. J. Poult. Sci. 42:79-83 DOI |
25 | Baumgartner, M. and R. Blum. 1997. Typical L-carnitine contents in feedstuffs. Lonza ltd. Technical Report. August 1997. Basel, Switzerland |
26 | Bayram, I., Z. Akinci and H. Uysal. 1999. The effects of Lcarnitine and vitamin C supplementation to quail rations on performance and egg production. J. Fac. Vet. Med. Univ. Yuzuncu Yil 10:32-37. Turkish with english summary |
27 | Rabie, M. H. and M. Szilagyi. 1998. Effects of L-carnitine supplementation of diets differing in energy levels on performance, abdominal fat content and yield and composition of edible meat of broilers. Br. J. Nutr. 80:391-400 DOI ScienceOn |
28 | Stepchenko, L. M., L. V. Zhorina and L.V. Kravtsova. 1991. The effect of sodium humate on metabolism and resistance in highly productive poultry. Biol. Nauki. 10:90-95 |
29 | Lettner, V. F., W. Zollitsch and E. Halbmayer. 1992. Use of Lcarnitine in the broiler ration. Bodenkultur 43:161-167 |
30 | Leeson, S. and J. D. Summers. 2001. Nutrition of the Chicken. University Books, Guelph, Canada |
31 | Pettit, R. E. 2004. Organic matter, humus, humate, humic acid, fulvic acid and humin: their importance in soil fertility and plant health. Humate Info. Humate Research and Information. http://www.humate.info/mainpage.htm |
32 | Eder, K. 2000. L-carnitine supplementation and the lipid metabolism of rats fed a hyperlipidaemic diet. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 83:132-140 DOI |
33 | Leibetseder, J. 1995. Untersuchungen uber die Wirkung von Lcarnitin beim Huhn. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 48:97-108 DOI ScienceOn |