Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2004.86

Influence of Ruminally Protected Fat and Urea Treated Corncobs Ensiled with or without Corn Steep Liquor on Nutrient Intake, Digestibility, Milk Yield and Its Composition in Nili-Ravi Buffaloes  

Sarwar, M. (Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture)
Khan, M. Ajmal (Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture)
Un-Nisa, Mahr (Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture)
Publication Information
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences / v.17, no.1, 2004 , pp. 86-93 More about this Journal
Abstract
Sixteen early lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes, four animals in each group, were used in a Completely Randomized Design to evaluate the effect of varying levels of both ruminally protected fat and urea treated corncobs ensiled with or without corn steep liquor (CSL) on feed intake, digestibility and milk production and its composition. Four experimental diets were formulated. The control (C) diet was balanced to contain 0% fat and 35% urea treated corncobs ensiled with 0% CSL. The low fat (LF), medium fat (MF) and high fat (HF) diets had 45, 55 and 65% urea treated corncobs ensiled with 9% CSL and 2, 4 and 6% ruminally protected fat, respectively. Dry matter, crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intakes by buffaloes remained similar across all treatments. However, DM and NDF as a percent of body weight and digestible DM intakes were higher in HF diet when compared to C, LF and MF diets. Digestible NDF intakes were also significantly higher in HF diet as compared to all other diets. The intakes of ADF and digestible ADF were higher in MF and HF than C and LF diets. The significant variation in digestible DM, ADF and NDF intakes may be attributed to the ammoniation of corncobs along with CSL that caused significant changes in the degradability and digestibility of the diets. Ether extract and digestible EE intakes differed significantly (p<0.05) among all treatments. Intakes of EE were the highest in animals fed HF diet, which was because of added fat. Apparent DM digestibility was the highest in animals C diet and was the lowest in those fed LF diet. Neutral detergent fiber and ADF digestibilities were higher in animals fed diets containing urea treated corncobs ensiled with 9% CSL when compared to those fed diets containing urea treated corncobs ensiled without CSL. Apparent digestibility of CP was noted highest (71.47%) in animals fed HF diet when compared to those fed MF (67.75%), LF (67.04%) and C (65.39%) diets. Milk yield (4% FCM) was the higher in buffaloes fed HF, MF and LF diets than those fed C diet. These results indicated that increasing levels both of fat and urea treated corncobs ensiled with CSL elevated the negative effects of poor quality fibrous feed on milk production by buffaloes.
Keywords
Urea; Corn Steep Liquor; Ruminally Protected Fat; Corncobs; Buffaloes;
Citations & Related Records

Times Cited By Web Of Science : 12  (Related Records In Web of Science)
Times Cited By SCOPUS : 11
연도 인용수 순위
1 AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Analytical Chemists, 15th Ed. Arlington Virginia, USA.
2 Chalupa, W., B. Vecchiarelli, A. E. Elser, D. S. KroCeld, D. Sklan, and D. L. Palmquist. 1986. Ruminal fermentation in vivo as inluenced by long-chain fatty acids. J. Dairy Sci. 69:1293.
3 Chalupa, W. B., D. S. Rickabaugh, D. S. KroCled and D. Sklan. 1984. Rumen fermentation in vitro as inluenced by long-chain fatty acids. J. Dairy. Sci. 67:1439.
4 Grant, R. J. and S. J. Weidner. 1992. Effect of fat from whole soybeans on performance of dairy cows fed rations differing in fiber level and particle size. J. Dairy Sci. 75:2742.
5 Hill, G. M. and J. W. West. 1990. Rumen protect4ed fat in corn diets for beef cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 73 (suppl. 1):192 (Abstr.).
6 Lewis, S. M., D. P. Holzgraefe, L. L. Berger, G. C. Fahey, Jr., J. M. Gloud and G. F. Fanta. 1987. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatments of crop residues to increase ruminal dry matter disappearance in sacco. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 17:179.
7 Ohajuruka, O. A., Z. Wu and D. L. Palmquist. 1991. Ruminal metabolism, fiber and protein digestion by lactating cows fed calcium soap or animal vegetable fat. J. Dairy Sci. 74:2601.
8 NRC. 1988. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. 6th revised Ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
9 Ostergaard, C., A. DaCaer, J. Dangaard, J. Hindhede and Ithysen. 1981. The effect of dietary lipids on milk production in dairy cows. Berentining Fra Statens Hudyr-burgs forsog No. 508. Copenhagen, DN.
10 Palmquist, D. L. 1990. Using fat strategically in dairy catlle rations. Proc. Internat. Anim. Nutr. Sym. Nat. Renderer’s Assoc. Brussels, Belgium.
11 Tackett, V. L., J. A. Bertrand, T. C. Jenkins, F. E. Pardue and L. W. Grimes. 1996. Interaction of dietary fat and acid detergent fiber diets of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 79:270-275.
12 Williams, P. E. V., G. M. Innes and A. Brewer. 1984. Ammonia treatment of straw via the hydrolysis of urea. Effect of urea concentrations on the rate of hydrolysis of urea. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 11:103.
13 Muhammad, A. 1994. Effect of feeding high forage diets and replacing non structural carbohydrates with supplemental fat in Dairy cows. Ph.D Thesis. Iowa state university Ames, Iowa.
14 Palmquist, D. L., A. Kelbly and D. Kinsey. 1989. Digestibility by dairy lactating cows of diets containing two levels of several commercial fats. J. Dairy Sci. 72 (suppl.1):572.
15 West, J. W. and G. M. Hill. 1990. Effect of protected fat product on productivity of lactating Holstein and Jersy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 73:3200.
16 Ali, C. S., M. Sarwar, R. H. Siddiqi, R. F. Hussain, T. Khaliq, S. U. R. Chaudhry and A. R. Barque. 1993. Effect of urea treatment of corncobs on disappearance and rate of passage through reticulo-rumen of buffalo. Pak. Vet. J. 13: 74.
17 Schauff, D. J. and J. H. Clark. 1990. Feeding increasing dietary concentrations of calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids to Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 73 (Suppl. 1):242.
18 Firkins, J. L. and M. L. Eastridge. 1992. Replacement of forage or concentrate with combination of soy hulls, sodium bicarbonate or fat for lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 75:2752.
19 Ohajuruka, O. A., Z. Wu and D. L. Palmquest. 1991. Ruminal metabolism, fiber and protein digestion by lactating cows fed calcium soap and animal, vegetable fat. J. Dairy Sci. 74:2601.
20 Kanjanapruthipong, J. and R. A. Leng. 1998. The effects of dietary urea on microbial populations in the rumen of sheep. Asian- Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 11:661.
21 Palmquest, D. L. and E. A. Moser. 1981. Dietry fat effects on blood insulin, glucose utilization and milk protein content of lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 64:1664.
22 Depeters, E. J., S. J. Taylor, A. A. Franke and E. Aguirre. 1990. Effect of dietary fat in isocaloric rations on the nitrogen content of milk form Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 72:2949.
23 Van Keulen, J. and B. A. Young. 1977. Evaluation of acidinsoluble ash as a natural marker in ruminant digestibility studies. J. Anim. Sci. 44:282.
24 Man, N. V. and H. Wiktorsson. 2001. The effect of replacing grass with urea treated fresh rice straw in dairy diet. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 14:1090.
25 Pantoja, J., J. L. Firkins, M. L. Eastridge and B. L. Hull. 1994. Effects of fat saturation and source of fiber on site of nutrient digestion and milk production by lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 77:2341-2356.
26 Borhami, B. E. A., F. Sundstol and T. H. Garmo. 1982. Studies of ammonia treated straw. Fixation of ammonia treated straw by spraying with acids. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 7:53.
27 Allen, M. S. 2000. Effects of diet on short-term regulation of feed intake by lactating dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 83:1598.
28 Pantoja, J., J. L. Firkins and M. L. Eastridge. 1996. Fatty acid digestibility and lactation performance by dairy cows fed fats varying in degree of saturation. J. Dairy Sci. 79:429-437.
29 Steel, R. G. D. and J. H. Torrie. 1984. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. A Biometrical Approach (2nd Ed). McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc., New York, USA.
30 Grummer, R. R. and D. J. Carrol. 1991. Effects of dietary fat on metabolic disorders and reproductive performance of dairy cattle: Review. J. Dairy Sci. 69:3838.
31 Saadullah, M., M. Haque and F. Dolberg. 1981. Effectiveness of ammonification through urea in improving the feeding value of rice straw in ruminants. Tropical Animal Production 6:30.
32 Sarwar, M., M. A. Iqbal, C. S. Ali and T. Khaliq. 1994. Growth performance of buffalo male calves as affected by using cowpeas and soybean seeds as a source of urease during urea treated corncobs ensiling process. Egyptian J. Anim. Prod. 2:179.
33 Knox, M. R. and J. W. Steel. 1999. The effects of urea supplementation on production and parasitological responses of sheep infected with Haemonchus contartus and Trichostrongylus coubriformis. Vet. Parasitology. 83:123.
34 Dass, R. S., U. R. Mehra and A. K. Verma. 2000. Nitrogen fixation and in situ dry matter and fiber constituent disappearance of corncobs treated with urea and boric acid in murrah buffaloes. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 13:1133.
35 Moran, T. H. and P. R. McHugh. 1982. Cholecystokinin suppresses food intake by inhabiting gastric emptying. Anim. J. physiol. 242:491.
36 Sarwar, M., J. L. Firkins and M. L. Estridge. 1991. Effect of replacing neutral detergent fibre of forage with soy hulls and corn gluten feed for dairy heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 74:1006-1015.
37 Sarwar, M., J. L. Firkins and M. L. Estridge. 1992. Effects of varying forage and concentrate carbohydrates on nutrient digestibilities and milk production by dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 75:1533.
38 Sanchez, W. K., I. P. Moloi and M. A. McGuire. 1998. Relationship between UIP and inert fat examined. Pages 12-13 in feed stuffs, July 13, 1998.
39 Sutton, J. D. 1989. Altering milk composition by feeding. J. Dairy Sci. 72:2801.
40 Depeters, E. J. and J. P. Cant. 1992. Nutritional factors influencing the nitrogen compsition of milk: a review. J. Dairy Sci. 75:2043.
41 Van Soest, P. J., H. B. Robertson and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods of dietary fiber, NDF and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal material. J. Dairy. Sci. 74:3583.
42 Burrit, E. A., A. S. Bittner, J. C. Street and M. J. Anderson. 1984. Correlation’s of phenolic and xylose content of cell wall with in vitro dry matter digestibility of three maturing grasses. J. Dairy Sci. 13:3672.
43 Mahr-un-Nisa, M. Sarwar and M. A. Khan. 2002. Influence of corn steep liquor on nitrogen fixation in urea treated corncobs and in situ digestion kinetics in ruminally cannulated buffalo bulls. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. (submitted).
44 Madison, R. J., D. J. Schingoethe and M. J. Brouke. 1994. Lactational response of cows to supplemental fat in summer and winter. p. 90. abst. Asas and ads Midwestern branch meeting. Des moines, IA. March 21-23, 1994.
45 Conrad, H. R., W. P. Weiss, W. O. Odwongo and W. L. Shockey. 1984. Estimating net energy lactation from components of cell solubles and cell walls. J. Dairy Sci. 67:427.
46 Goering, H. G. and P. J. Van Soest. 1970. Forage Fiber analysis. Agricultural Handbook. 379, UPSDA.
47 Grummer, R. R. 1988. Influence of prilled fat and calcium salts of palm oil fatty acids on ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestibility .J. Dairy Sci. 71:117.
48 Misra, A. K., S. A. Karim, D. L. Verma, A. S. Misra and M. K. Tripathi. 2000. Nutrient intake, its utilization, rumen fermentation pattern and blood bio-chemical constituents of sheep fed urea treated mustard straw. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 13:1674.
49 Mehra, U. R., R. S. Dass, A. K. Verma and D. S. Sabu. 2001.Effect of feeding urea and acetic acid treated corncobs on the digestibility of nutrients in adult murrah buffaloes (Babulus bubalis). Asian Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 14:1690.
50 Canale, C. J., P. L. Burgess, L. D. Muller and G. A. Varga. 1990. Calcium salts of fatty acids in diets that differ in neutral detergent fiber (NDF): Effect on lactation performance and nutrient digestibility. J. Dairy Sci. 73:1031.
51 Waldo, D. R. and N. A. Jorgensen. 1986. Forages for high animal production: Nutritional factors and effects of conservation .J. Dairy. Sci. 64:1207.