Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2004.1608

Comparison of Analysis Methods for Ammonia from Swine Production Facilities  

Kim, Ki Y. (School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University)
Choi, Hong L. (School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University)
Kim, Chi N. (Institute for Occupational Health, College of Medicine, Yonsei University)
Publication Information
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences / v.17, no.11, 2004 , pp. 1608-1614 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the accuracy, validation and applicability of UV spectrophotometer (UV), Ion Chromatography (IC), and Detector tube (DT) methods for measuring ammonia (NH3) concentration in a swine confinement house and swine slurry storage tank. The mean values of $NH_{3}$ emitted from the house and slurry were 5.333 ppm and 42.192 ppm for the IC method; 4.13 ppm and 36.29 ppm for the Detector tube; and 5.417 ppm and 34.193 ppm for the UV method. The accuracy and the correlation of an ammonia level analyzed by the IC method compared to the UV method were 98% and 0.998($R^{2}$) in the swine confinement house and 94% and 0.997($R^{2}$) in the swine slurry storage tank. On the other hand, those of ammonia level measured by the Detector tube compared to the UV method were 77% and 0.957($R^{2}$) in the swine confinement house and 82% and 0.941($R^{2}$) in the swine slurry storage tank. This indicated that the accuracy and the correlation of the IC method compared to the UV method were higher than those of the Detector tube method compared to the UV method. Therefore, it was concluded that the IC method was more accurate in measuring ammonia concentration in a swine house and a swine slurry storage tank. The Detector tube method should not be applied to the swine slurry storage tank in which ammonia concentration is generally higher than 30 ppm because low accuracy is caused by a gross space between scales inscribed in the Detector tube.
Keywords
UV; IC; Detector Tube; $NH_{3}$; Swine Confinement House;
Citations & Related Records

Times Cited By Web Of Science : 3  (Related Records In Web of Science)
Times Cited By SCOPUS : 3
연도 인용수 순위
1 Groot, P. W. G. 1994. Review on emissions of ammonia from using system for laying hens in relation to sources, processes, house design and manure handling. J. Agric. Engng. Res. 59:73-87.
2 Hollander, J. C. T. 1993. Non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) photometry. In: Methods for measuring ammonia emissions from animal housing. Analysis of ammonia Series. pp. 42-44.
3 Jarvis, S. C. and B. F. Pain. 1990. Ammonia emission from agricultural land. Proceedings Fertility Soc. No. 298. Greenhill House, Peterborough, England. p. 35.
4 Metz, J. H. M., G. H. Uenk and V. R. Phillips. 1998. Concentrations and emissions of ammonia in livestock houses in Norther Europe. J. Agric. Engng. Res. 70:79-95.
5 Parkinson, K. J. and W. Day. 1979. The use of orifices to control the flow rate of gases. J. Appl. Ecol. 16:623-632.
6 Phillips, V. R., D. S. Lee, R. Scholtens, J. A. Garland and R. W. Sneath. 2001. A review of methods for measuring emission rates of ammonia from livestock houses and slurry or manure stores, part 2: monitoring flux rates, concentration and airflow rates. J. Agric. Engng. Res. 78(1):1-14.
7 Rom, H. B. 1993. Ammonia emission from livestock buildings in Denmark. Proceedings of International Livestock Environment Symposium Ⅳ, Warwick, England, 6-9 July. ASAE 754-761.
8 SAS Institute Inc. 1989. SAS/STAT User’s Guide: Version 6. 4th edn. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina.
9 Schlesinger, W. H. and A. E. Hartley. 1992. A global budget for atmospheric $NH_{3}$. Biogeochem. 15:191-211.
10 Yamamoto, N., H. Nishiura, T. Honjo, Y. Ishikawa and K. Suzuki. 1994. Continuous determination of atmospheric ammonia by an automated gas chromatographic system. Anal. Chem. 66:756-760.
11 Fehsenfeld, F. 1995. Measurement of chemically reactive trace gases at ambient concentrations. In: Biogenic Trace Gases: measuring Emissions from Soil and Water. Blackwell Science, Oxford. pp. 206-258.
12 Griffiths, R. F. 1993. Emissions and environmental monitoring using energetic UV radiations: a new development in portable ambient monitoring. Proceedings of the Conference 'Monitor 93' Spring Innovations Ltd, Manchester, October. pp. 57-62.
13 Sommer, S. G., H. Mikkelsen and J. Mellqvist. 1995. Evaluation of meteorological techniques for measurements of ammonia loss from pig slurry. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 74:169-179.
14 Ferm, M. 1986. Method for determination of ammonia. Atmos. Environ. 13:1385-1393.
15 Kolb, C. E., J. C. Wormboudt and M. S. Zahniser. 1995. Recent advances in spectroscopic instrumentation for measuring stable gases in the natural environment. In: Biogenic Trace Gases: measuring Emissions from Soil and Water. Blackwell Science, Oxford. pp. 259-290.
16 Asman, W. A. H. 1992. Ammonia emission in Europe: Updated emission and emission variations. RIVM Bilthoven (The Netherlands). p. 88.
17 Nakano, N., K. Sugata and K. Nagashima. 1995. Development of a monitoring tape for ammonia gas in air by fluorescence detection. Anal. Chem. 302:201-205.
18 Goopy, J. P., P. J. Murray, A. T. Lisle and R. A. M. Al Jassim. 2004. Use of chemical and biological agents to improve waste of effluent discharge from Abattoirs. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 17(1):137-145.
19 Slanina, J., P. J. de Wild and G. P. Wyers. 1992. The applications of denuder systems to the analysis of atmospheric components. In: Gaseous Pollutants: Characterization and Cycling. John Wiley, London. pp. 129-154.
20 Barth, C. L., L. F. Elliot and S. W. Melvin. 1984. Using odor control technology to support animal agriculture. Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. 27:859-864.
21 Janac, J., J. Catsky and P. G. Jarvis. 1971. Infrared gas analysers and other physical parameters. In: Plant Photosynthetic Production: Manual of Methods. Wjunk, The Hague (The Netherlands). pp. 111-197.
22 Vaughan, A. A., M. G. Baron and R. Naryanaswamy. 1996. Optical ammonia sensing films based on an immobilized metalloporphyrin. Analytical Communications 33:393-396.
23 Blatter, A., M. Fahrni and A. Neffel. 1992. A new generations of $NH_{3}$ passive samplers. In: Development of Analytical Techniques for Atmospheric Pollutants. Air Pollution Research Report 41. pp. 171-176.
24 Mennen, M. G., B. G. van Elzakker, E. M. van Puten, J. W. Uiterwijik, T. A. Regts, J. van Hellemond, G. P. Wyers, R. P. Otjes, A. J. L. Verhage, L. W. Wouters, C. J. G. Heffels, F. G. Romer, L. van den Beld and J. E. H. Tetteroo. 1996. Evaluation of automatic ammonia monitors for application in an Air Quality Monitoring Network. Atmos. Environ. 30:3239-3256.
25 Day, D. L., E. L. Hansen and S. Anderson. 1965. Gases and odors in confinement swine houses. Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. 8(1):118-121.
26 MWPS. 1988. Swine housing and equipment handbook: MWPS-8. Midwest Plan Service, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011.
27 NIOSH. 2000. Manual of analytical methods (4th).
28 Adema, E. H., V. Mejstrik and B. Binek. 1991. The determination of $NH_{3}$ concentration gradients in a spruce forest in south Bohemia, CSSR, 1998, using a passive sampling technique. Agricultural University, Wageningen. Report R-501, p. 15.
29 Buijsman, E., J. F. Mass and W. A. H. Asman. 1987. Anthropogenic $NH_{3}$ emission in Europe. Atmos. Environ. 21:1009-1022
30 Persaud, K. C. and P. Travers. 1991. Multi-element arrays for sensing volatile chemicals. Intelligent Instruments and Computers. July/August, pp. 147-154.
31 Aneja, V. P., E. P. Stahel, H. H. Rogers, A. M. Witherspoon and W. W. Heck. 1978. Calibration and performance of a thermal converter in continuous atmospheric monitoring of ammonia. Anal. Chem. 50:1705-1707.
32 Skoog, D. A., D. M. West, F. J. Holler and S. R. Crounch. 1999. Analytical Chemistry. Harcourt College Publishers, pp. 575-581.
33 Yeh, Y. L., C. M. Liao, J. S. Chen and J. W. Chen. 2001. Modelling lumped-parameter sorption kinetics and diffusion dynamics of odor-causing VOCs to dust particles. Appl. Math. Modelling. 25:593-611.
34 Korean Ministry of Environment. 2000. Methods of public test for air pollution. Annual Report.