Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2003.211

Ruminal Degradability of Tropical Feeds and Their Potential Use in Ruminant Diets  

Chanjula, P. (Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University)
Wanapat, M. (Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University)
Wachirapakorn, C. (Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University)
Uriyapongson, S. (Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University)
Rowlinson, P. (Department of Agriculture, University of Newcastle upon Tyne)
Publication Information
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences / v.16, no.2, 2003 , pp. 211-216 More about this Journal
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the degradability of cassava chip (CC), cassava waste (CW), yellow sweet potato (YP), white sweet potato (WP), purple sweet potato (PP), corn meal (CM), and rice bran (RB) using in situ technique. Two ruminally fistulated steers with an average weight of $303{\pm}10kg$ were used to determine in situ degradabilities of DM and OM. Seven feed sources were weighted in nylon bags ($38{\mu}m$ pore size) and incubated ruminally for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h. The results showed that asymptote (a+b) and effective degradability (ED) of DM of energy sources ranked from the highest to the lowest; CC, YP, WP, PP, RB, CW, and CM (99.3, 92.5; 97.6, 87.9; 97.5, 87.9; 97.2, 87.8; 87.5, 63.6; 78.6, 63.0 and 81.7; 59.3, respectively) and for OM asymptote (a+b) and effective degradability (ED) were similar to those of degradation of DM (99.4, 93.4; 98.8, 89.8; 98.5, 89.4; 98.4, 88.1; 92.4, 65.8; 85.1, 66.9 and 83.6, 63.3, respectively). It was concluded that disappearance characteristic of CC was the highest and it may potentially facilitate the achievement of optimal ruminal availability of energy: protein especially with NPN for microbial protein synthesis.
Keywords
Rumen Degradability; Tropical Energy Sources; Ruminants; Nylon Bag; Microbial Protein Synthesis;
Citations & Related Records

Times Cited By Web Of Science : 13  (Related Records In Web of Science)
Times Cited By SCOPUS : 25
연도 인용수 순위
1 Chen, X. B. 1996. An Excel Application Program for Processing Feed Degradability Data. User Manual, Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, UK.
2 De Boer, G., J. J. Murphy and J. J. Kennelly. 1987. Mobile nylon bag for estimating intestinal available of rumen undegradable protein. J. Dairy Sci. 70:977-982.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Firkins, J. L. 1996. Maximizing microbial protein-synthesis in the rumen. J. Nutr. 126. S1347.
4 Nocek, J. E. and S. Tamminga. 1991. Site of digestion of starch in the gastro-intestinal tract of dairy cows and its effect on milk yield and composition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3598-3629.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Orskov, E. R., G. W. Reid and M. Kay. 1988. Prediction of intake by cattle from degradation characteristics of roughage. Anim. Prod. 46:29-34.   DOI
6 Owens, F. N., R. A. Zinn and Y. K. Kim. 1986. Limits to starch digestion in the ruminant small-in intestine. J. Anim. Sci. 63:1634-1648.   DOI
7 Goering, H. K. and P. J. Van Soest. 1970. Forage Fiber Analysis (Apparatus, Reagent, Procedures and some Application). Agric. Handbook. No. 397, ARS, USDA, Washington, DC, p. 19.
8 Rooney, L. W. and R. L. Pflugfelder. 1986. Factors affecting starch digestibility with special emphasis on sorghum and corn. J. Anim. Sci. 63:1607-1623.   DOI
9 Orskov, E. R. and I. McDonald. 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. J. Agric. Sci. 92:499-503.   DOI
10 Richard, J. E., M. Asaoha and M. V. Blanshard. 1991. The physiochemical properties of cassava starch. Tropical Science. 31:189-207.
11 National Research Council. 2001. Nutritional Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Sci., Washington, DC.
12 Cone, J. W., A. H. Van Glider and P. G. B. De Lange. 1997. Determination of rumen fermentation characteristics of concentrate ingredients with the gas production technique. Processing of the British Society of Animal Science. Annual meeting March 1997, British Society of Animal Science. 195.
13 Herrera-Saldana, R., R. Gomez-Alarcon, M. Torali and J. T. Huber. 1990. Influence of synchronizing protein and starch degradation in the rumen on nutrient utilization an microbial protein synthesis. J. Dairy Sci. 73:142-148.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Sommart, K., D. S. Parker, P. Rowlinson and M. Wanapat. 2000. Fermentation characteristics and microbial protein synthesis in an in vitro system using cassava, rice straw and dried ruzi grass as substrates. Asian-Aus. J. Anim. Sci. 13:1094-1101.   DOI
15 Hoover, W. H. 1986. Chemical factors involved in ruminal fiber digestion. J. Dairy Sci. 69:2755-2766.   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
16 SAS. 1998. User's Guide: Statistics, Version 7th Edition. SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC.
17 Yu, P., A. R. Egan, J. H. G. Holmes and B. J. Leury. 1998. Influence of dry roasting of whole faba beans (Vicia faba) on rumen degradation characteristics in dairy cows, II: starch. Asain-Aus. J. Anim. Sci. 11:503-509.   DOI
18 Cone, J. W., W. Clinetheil, A. Malestein and A. T. Vantklooster. 1989. Degradation of starch by incubation with rumen fluid-a comparison of different starch sources. J. Sci. Food and Agric. 49:173-183.   DOI
19 Kearl, L. C. 1982. Nutrient Requirement of Ruminants in Developing Countries. International Feedstuffs Institute, Utah State University, Utah.
20 Wanapat, M. 2000. Rumen manipulation to increase the efficient use of local feed resources and productivity of ruminants in the tropics. Asian-Aus. J. Anim. Sci. 13(Suppl.):59-67.
21 Noziere, P. and B. Michalet-Doreau. 2000. Farm animal metabolism and nutriton: In Sacco Methods. Edited by D' Mello. J.P.F. CABI Publishing. New York, NY. pp. 233-254.
22 Huntington, G. B. 1997. Starch utilization by ruminants: From basics to the bunk. J. Anim. Sci. 75:852-867.   DOI   PUBMED
23 Preston, T. R. and R. A. Leng. 1987. Matching Ruminant Production Systems with Available Resources in the Tropics and Sub-tropics. Armidale Australia: Penambul Books.
24 Sommart, K., M. Wanapat, C. Wachirapakhorn and W. Toburan. 1991. Digestibility of organic matter of various energy sources in rumen of cattle and buffaloes. In: Proceeding the 29th Annual Meeting, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
25 Orskov, E. R. 1982. Protein Nutrition in Ruminants. Academic Press, London. UK.
26 AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis 15th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, Virginia, USA.
27 Wester, T. J., S. M. Gramlich, R. A. Britton and R. A. Stock. 1992. Effect of grain sorghum hybrid on in vitro rate of starch disappearance and finishing performance of ruminants. J. Anim. Sci. 70:2866-2876.   DOI
28 Cone, J. W. and M. G. E. Wolters. 1990. Some properties and degradability of isolated starch granules. Starch/Starke. 42:298-301.   DOI
29 Kotarski, S. F., R. D. Waniska and K. K. Thurn. 1992. Starch hydrolysis by the ruminal microflora. J. Nutr. 122:178-190.   DOI
30 Wanapat, M., O. Pimpa, K. Sommart, S. Uriyapongson, W. Toburan, D. Parker and P. Rowlinson. 1995. Effects of energy sources on rumen fermentation, degradability and rice straw intake in swamp buffaloes. In: Proceedings Int. Workshop on Draft Animal Power to Increase Farming Efficiency and Sustainability. (Ed. M. Wanapat, S. Uriyapongson and K. Sommart). Khon Kaen: Khon Kaen University. Thailand.