Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2003.29

Relative Performance of Fattening Lambs on Raw and Processed Cottonseed Meal Incorporated Diets  

Nagalakshmi, D. (Division of Animal Nutrition, Indian Veterinary Research Institute)
Sastry, V.R.B. (Division of Animal Nutrition, Indian Veterinary Research Institute)
Agrawal, D.K. (Division of Animal Nutrition, Indian Veterinary Research Institute)
Publication Information
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences / v.16, no.1, 2003 , pp. 29-35 More about this Journal
Abstract
In order to find the feasibility of feeding raw or processed cotton (Gossypium) seed meal (CSM), 30 male crossbred lambs were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments with 6 animals each. Lambs were fed each of the isonitrogenous and isocaloric concentrate mixtures containing 30% deoiled groundnut cake (DGNC) (reference diet), 40% raw, 45 minute cooked, 1% $Ca(OH)_2$ or iron (1 part free gossypol:0.3 parts iron) treated CSM (replacing about 50% nitrogen moiety of reference concentrate mixture). The concentrate mixture was fed to meet 80% of CP requirements (NRC, 1985) along with ad libitum maize (Zea mays) hay for 180 days. Incorporation of raw or processed CSM did not affect the palatability of diets as evidenced by higher (p<0.01) or comparable overall daily intakes of DM and protein (CP and Digestible CP) per kg $W^{0.75}$ by lambs in comparison to reference group. Intakes of DE and ME increased (p<0.01) due to inclusion $Ca(OH)_2$ treated CSM in diets, while the intakes were lower (p<0.01) on iron treated CSM based diet when compared with reference diet. The intakes of DM, CP, TDN, DE and ME by reference and experimental lambs were higher than the requirements stipulated by NRC (1985). The growth rate was highest (p<0.01) in lambs fed on diets with cooked CSM followed by those fed raw or $Ca(OH)_2$ treated CSM based diets. The growth of lambs fed on iron treated CSM diets was depressed (p<0.01) in comparison to that of other experimental lambs probably due to increased iron intake (889 mg/kg DM of diet) which was much higher than the toxic levels of 500 ppm (NRC, 1980). The lambs on various diets utilized DM with similar efficiency while the utilization of energy (TDN, DE and ME) was more efficient (p<0.01) when the diets contained raw or cooked CSM in comparison to that of reference diet. The lambs fed raw and $Ca(OH)_2$ treated CSM incorporated diets utilized DCP with higher (p<0.01) efficiency than the lambs fed reference diet. The feed cost per kg weight gain was lower (p<0.01) on raw, cooked and $Ca(OH)_2$ treated CSM based diets in comparison to reference diet. Cooking of CSM for 45 minutes further reduced the feed cost of weight gain.
Keywords
Cottonseed Meal; Groundnut Cake; Gossypol; Lambs; Feeding Value;
Citations & Related Records

Times Cited By Web Of Science : 1  (Related Records In Web of Science)
Times Cited By SCOPUS : 2
연도 인용수 순위
1 Calhoun, M. C., J. E. Huston, B. C. Baldwin, S. W. Kuhlmann, B. S. Engdahl and K. W. Bales. 1990. Performance of lambs fed diets containing cottonseed meal processed by different methods. J. Anim. Sci. 68(suppl 1):530
2 Cronje, P. B. 1983. Protein degradability of several South African feedstuffs by the artificial fibre bag technique. S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci. 13:225-228.
3 FAO. 1997. Cottonseed production. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO, Yearbook annuaire annuario Production, 44:46.
4 Fiems, L. O., C. V. Boucque, B. G. Cottyn and F. X. Buysse. 1986. Cottonseed meal and maize gluten feed versus soybean meal as protein supplements in calf starters. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 36:731-740.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Fitzsimmens, R. C., M. Newcombe and T. E. Moul.1989. The long term effects of feeding ground and whole cottonseed to laying hens. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 69:425-429.   DOI
6 Huston, J. E., M. C. Calhoun and S. W. Kuhlmann. 1990. Comparative toxicity of gossypol acetic acid and free gossypol in cottonseed meal and cottonseed to lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 68 (Suppl. 1):401.
7 Jarquin, R., R. Bressani, L. G. Elias, C. Tejada, M. Gonzalez and J. E. Braham. 1966. Effect of cooking and calcium and iron supplementation on gossypol toxicity in swine. J. Agric. Food Chem. 14:275-279.   DOI
8 La Rue, D. C., D. A. Knabe and T. D. Tanksley. 1985. Commercially processed glandless cottonseed meal for starter, grower and finisher swine. J. Anim. Sci. 60:495-502.   DOI
9 Moise, L. A. and A. A. Wysocki.1981. The effect of cottonseed meal on growth of young horses. J. Anim. Sci. 53:409-413.   DOI
10 NRC. 1985. Nutrient requirements of sheep. National Academy Press. Washington, DC.
11 Rahma, E. H. and M. S. R. Narsinga. 1984. Gossypol removal and functional properties of protein produced by extraction of glanded cottonseed with different solvents. J. Food Sci. 49: 1057-1060.   DOI
12 Subba Rao, A., K. T. Sampath and S. R. Sampath.1989. In situ protein degradability of certain cakes in the rumen of cattle. Indian J. Dairy Sci. 42:18-22.
13 Tanksley, T. D. and D. A. Knabe. 1981. Use of cottonseed meal in swine rations. Feedstuffs. 53:24-25.
14 Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3584-3597.
15 Waldroup, P. W. 1981. Cottonseed meal in poultry diets. Feedstuffs. 53: 21-23.
16 Ward, G. M. and F. B. Johnston. 1962. Chemical methods of plants analysis. 1064, Research Branch, Canada, Department of Agriculture (C.f. Gupta et al., 1992).
17 Nagalakshmi, D. 1997. Utilization of undecorticated cotton (Gossypium) seed meal in the diets of growing lambs. PhD Theses, Indian Veterinary Research Institute. Izatnagar 243 122, India.
18 AOAC, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 1990. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 15th Ed. (Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC. 2044).
19 Ikurior, S. A. and B. L. A. Fetuga. 1988. Equiprotein substitution of cottonseed meal for groundnut cake in diets for weanergrower pigs. J. Sci. Food Agric. 44:1-8.   DOI
20 Shah, F. H., W. H. Shah, M. Yasin and M. Abdullah. 1986. Detoxification of commercially produced cottonseed meal. Pakistan J. Scientific and Indus. Res. 29:380-382.
21 Snedecor, G. W. and W. G. Cochran. 1980. Statistical Methods, Oxford and IBH publications Co. New Delhi.
22 Kearl, L. C. 1982. Nutrient Requirement of Ruminants in Developing Countries. International Feedstuffs Institute, Utah, USA.
23 Papadopoulos, G., K. Fegeros and E. Ziras. 1987. Evaluation of Greek Cottonseed meal. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 18:295-301.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Reid, B. L., S. Galaviz Moreno and P. M. Maiorino. 1987. Evaluation of isopropanol-extracted cottonseed meal for laying hens. Poult. Sci. 66:82-89.   DOI
25 Kandylis, K., P. Nikokyris, D. Liamadis and K. Deligiannis. 1992. Evaluation of cottonseed cake as feed ingredient for fattening sheep. J. Sci. Food Agric. 58:291-299.   DOI
26 Rogers, P. A. M., T. D. Henaghem and B. Sheeler. 1975. Gossypol poisoning in young calves. Ir. Vet. J. 29:9-13.
27 Tanksley, T. D., D. A. Knabe, K. Purser, T. Zebrowska and J. R. Corley. 1981. Apparent digestibility of amino acids and nitrogen in three cottonseed meals and one soybean meal. J. Anim. Sci. 52:769-777.
28 Orskov, E. R. 1982. Protein Nutrition in Ruminants, Academic Press, London.
29 Nagalakshmi, D., A. K. Sharma and V. R. B. Sastry. 2000. Pathological lesions in organs of lambs fed raw or processed cottonseed meal. Vet. Res. Comm. 42:349-359.
30 Baliga, B. P. and C. M. Lyman. 1957. Preliminary report on the nutritional significance of bound gossypol in cottonseed meal. J. Am. Oil Chemists Soc. 34:21-24.   DOI
31 Talapatra, S. K., S. C. Roy and K. C. Sen. 1940. Estimation of phosphorus, chlorine, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium in food stuffs. Indian J. Vet. Sci. and Anim. Husbandry. 10:243-258.
32 Braham, J. E., R. Jarquin, L. G. Elias, M. Gonzalez and R. Bressani. 1967. Effect of calcium and gossypol on the performance of swine and on certain enzymes and other blood constituents. J. Nutr. 91:47-54.
33 Hennesy, D. W., G. J. Lee and P. J. Williamson.1983. Nitrogen loss from protein meals held in terylene bags in the rumen of cattle and the nutritive value of the residue. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 34:453-467.   DOI
34 Balogun, T. F., A. O. Aduku, N. I. Dim and S. A. S. Olorunju. 1990. Undecorticated cottonseed meal as a substitute for soyabean meal in diets for weaner and growing-finishing pigs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 30:193-201.   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Botsoglou, N. A. and D. C. Kufidis. 1990. Determination of total gossypol in cottonseed and cottonseed meals by Derivative UV spectrophotometry. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 73:447-451.
36 Reiser, R. and H. C. Fu. 1962. The mechanisms of gossypol detoxification by ruminant animals. J. Nutr. 76:215-218.
37 Hollon, B. F., R. K. Waugh, G. H. Wise and F. H. Smith. 1958. Cottonseed meals as the primary protein supplement in concentrate feeds for young calves. J. Dairy Sci. 41:286-294.   DOI
38 Lindsey, T. O., G. E. Hawkins and L. D. Guthrie. 1980. Physiological responses of lactating cows to gossypol from cottonseed meal rations. J. Dairy Sci. 63:562-573.   DOI   ScienceOn
39 Botsglou, N. A. 1991. Determination of 'Free gossypol' in cottonseed and cottonseed meals by Second-Derivative Ultraviolet spectrophotometry. J. Agric. Food Chem. 39:478-482.   DOI
40 Mc Ghee, F., C. R. Creger and J. R. Couch. 1965. Copper and iron toxicity. Poult. Sci. 44:310-312.   DOI   ScienceOn
41 Danke, R. J., R. J. Panciera and A. D. Tillman. 1965. Gossypol toxicity studies with sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 24:1199-1201.   DOI
42 El Boushy, A. R., A. F. B. Van Der Poel and R. Raternink. 1989. Replacement of soybean meal by cottonseed meal and peanut meal or both in low energy diets for broilers. Poult. Sci. 68: 799-804.   DOI   ScienceOn
43 Nagalakshmi, D., V. R. B. Sastry, D. K. Agrawal and R. C. Katiyar. 2001. Haematological and immunological response in lambs fed on raw and variously processed cottonseed meal. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 14(1):21-29.
44 NRC. 1980. Mineral Tolerance of Domestic Animals. National Academy Press, Washington DC, USA.
45 Duncan, D. B. 1955. Multiple range and multiple 'F test'. Biometrics 11:1-42.   DOI   ScienceOn