Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/IJoC.2022.18.3.021

The Roles of Social Competence and Outcome Expectancy in Predicting Communication Activities on Social Networking Sites  

Jang, Kyungeun (Yonsei University)
Lee, Sang Yup (Yonsei University)
Publication Information
International Journal of Contents / v.18, no.3, 2022 , pp. 21-33 More about this Journal
Abstract
Previous research has provided inconsistent findings as to whether socially (in)competent individuals benefit from social networking sites (SNSs) use. Based on the rich-get-richer model, some studies have shown that socially competent individuals expand their existing networks even further via SNSs use. Based on the poor-get-richer model, other studies have shown that those with poor social skills can achieve beneficiary outcomes from SNSs use by overcoming their deficient social resources of offline environments. The present study is devised to add evidence regarding how and why social skills are related to SNSs use. To this end, we tested the relationships between social competence and three types of Facebook communication activities: interaction, self-presentation, and passive observation. Further, drawing on the social cognitive theory, the mediating role of outcome expectancy in the relationship between social competence and Facebook communication activities was examined. Using an online survey in South Korea (N = 708), it was found that individuals with higher social competence were more likely than those with lower social competence to engage in interaction, self-presentation, passive observation on Facebook. Moreover, these relationships were mediated by outcome expectancy that the desired social outcomes could be achieved as a result of Facebook use.
Keywords
Facebook; Social competence; Outcome expectancy, Rich-get-richer model; Poor-get-richer model;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 J. Fox and B. McEwan, "Social media, "in Media effects: Advances in theory and research, M. B. Oliver, A. A. Raney, and J. Bryant, Eds., 4th ed: Routledge, 2019, pp. 373-88.
2 J. Gunawan and Y. C. A. Liu, "Exploring the antecedents of social support on social network sites: A supplementary fit perspective, "International Journal of E-Business Research, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 40-53, 2021. doi: https://www.igiglobal.com/article/exploring-the-antecedents-of-social-support-on-social-network-sites/288343   DOI
3 B. C. Bouchillon, "Social networking for interpersonal Life: A competence-based approach to the rich get richer hypothesis, "Social Science Computer Review, 2020, Art. no.0894439320909506, doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439320909506   DOI
4 T. Ryan and S. Xenos, "Who uses Facebook? An investigation into the relationship between the Big Five, shyness, narcissism, loneliness, and Facebook usage, "Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 1658-1664, 2011, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.02.004   DOI
5 B. Jin, "How lonely people use and perceive Facebook, "Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 2463-2470, 2013, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.05.034   DOI
6 C. Segrin and J. Flora, "Poor social skills are a vulnerability factor in the development of psychosocial problems," Human Communication Research, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 489-514, 2000, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2000.tb00766.x   DOI
7 B. R. Schlenker and M. R. Leary, "Social anxiety and self-presentation: A conceptualization model, "Psychological Bulletin, vol. 92, no. 3, pp. 641-669, 1982, doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.92.3.641.   DOI
8 A. M. Shaw, K. R. Timpano, T. B. Tran, and J. Joormann, "Correlates of Facebook usage patterns: The relationship between passive Facebook use, social anxiety symptoms, and brooding, "Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 48, pp. 575-580, 2015, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.003   DOI
9 P. M. Valkenburg and J. Peter, "Adolescents' identity experiments on the Internet: Consequences for social competence and self-concept unity, "Communication Research, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 208-231, 2008, doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650207313164   DOI
10 C.-c. Yang and B. B. Brown, "Motives for using Facebook, patterns of Facebook activities, and late adolescents' social adjustment to college, "Journal of Youth and Adolescence, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 403-416, 2013, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-012-9836-x   DOI
11 J. Zywica and J. Danowski, "The faces of Facebookers: Investigating social enhancement and social compensation hypotheses; Predicting FacebookTM and offline popularity from sociability and self-esteem, and mapping the meanings of popularity with semantic networks, "Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1-34, 2008, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2008.01429.x   DOI
12 W. H. Jones, S. A. Hobbs, and D. Hockenbury, "Loneliness and social skill deficits, "Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 42, pp. 682-689, 1982.   DOI
13 K. Nagar, G. Singh, and R. Singh, "Mediating effect of WhatsApp addiction between social loneliness and preference for online social interaction: A cross-cultural study, "Global Business Review, 2021, Art. no. 09721509211055603, doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/09721509211055603   DOI
14 C. J. Soto and O. P. John, "Ten facet scales for the Big Five Inventory: Convergence with NEO PI-R facets, selfpeer agreement, and discriminant validity, "Journal of Research in Personality, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 84-90, 2009, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2008.10.002   DOI
15 A. Bandura, Social foundation of thought and action: A social-cognitive view. Prentice Hall, NJ: Englewood Cliffs, 1986.
16 R. M. Baron and D. A. Kenny, "The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations, "Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 1173-1182, 1986, doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173   DOI
17 K. J. Preacher and A. F. Hayes, "Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models, "Behavior Research Methods, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 879-891, 2008, doi: https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879   DOI
18 D. G. Fischer and C. Fick, "Measuring social desirability: Short forms of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, "Educational and Psychological Measurement, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 417-424, 1993, doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164493053002011   DOI
19 A. Bandura, "Social cognitive theory of mass communication, "Media Psychology, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 265-299, 2001, doi: https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532785XMEP0303_03   DOI
20 J. B. Bayer, P. Trieu, and N. B. Ellison, "Social media elements, ecologies, and effects, "Annual Review of Psychology, vol. 71, no.1, pp. 471-497, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010419-050944   DOI
21 A. Masciantonio, D. Bourguignon, P. Bouchat, M. Balty, and B. Rime, "Don't put all social network sites in one basket: Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, TikTok, and their relations with well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic," PloS one, vol. 16, no. 3, 2021, doi: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0248384   DOI
22 E. Djafarova and O. Trofimenko, "'Instafamous' - credibility and self-presentation of micro-celebrities on social media, "Information, Communication & Society, vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 1432-1446, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1438491   DOI
23 L. Huang, D. Zheng, and W. Fan, "Do social networking sites promote life satisfaction? The explanation from an online and offline social capital transformation, "Information Technology & People, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-03-2020-0143   DOI
24 E. K. Ruppel, T. J. Burke, M. R. Cherney, and D. R. Dinsmore, "Social compensation and enhancement via mediated communication in the transition to college, "Human Communication Research, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 58-79, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12091   DOI
25 S. H. Spence, C. Donovan, and M. Brechman-Toussaint, "Social skills, social outcomes, and cognitive features of childhood social phobia, "Journal of Abnormal Psychology, vol. 108, no. 2, pp. 211-221, 1999, doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.108.2.211   DOI
26 C. Segrin, M. McNelis, and P. Swiatkowski, "Social skills, social support, and psychological distress: A test of the social skills deficit vulnerability model, "Human Communication Research, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 122-137, 2016, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/hcre.12070   DOI
27 J. J. Steffen and J. Redden, "Assessment of social competence in an evaluation-interaction analogue "Human Communication Research, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 30-37, 1977, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1977.tb00593.x   DOI
28 P. Bide and S. Dhage, "Comprehensive survey of user behaviour analysis on social networking sites, "International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, vol. 66, pp. 1-18, no. 1, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1504/ijcat.2021.119601   DOI
29 ] S. Y. Lee and K. Jang, "Antecedents of impression management motivations on social network sites and their link to social anxiety, "Media Psychology, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 890-904, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2019.1580588   DOI
30 J. Morahan-Martin and P. Schumacher, "Loneliness and social uses of the Internet, "Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 659-671, 2003, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(03)00040-2   DOI
31 E. K. Ruppel and T. J. Burke, "Complementary channel use and the role of social competence, "Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 37-51, 2014, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12091   DOI
32 S. E. Caplan, "A social skill account of problematic Internet use, "Journal of Communication, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 721-736, 2005, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2005.tb03019.x   DOI
33 M. Hood, P. A. Creed, and B. J. Mills, "Loneliness and online friendships in emerging adults, "Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 133, pp. 96-102, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.03.045   DOI
34 C. J. Billedo, P. Kerkhof, C. Finkenauer, and H. Ganzeboom, "Facebook and Face-to-Face: Examining the Shortand Long-Term Reciprocal Effects of Interactions, Perceived Social Support, and Depression among International Students, "Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 73-89, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmy025   DOI
35 M. Indian and R. Grieve, "When Facebook is easier than face-to-face: Social support derived from Facebook in socially anxious individuals, "Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 59, pp. 102-106, 2014, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.11.016   DOI
36 K. Wang, Y. Lv, and Z. Zhang, "Relationship between extroversion and social use of social networking sites," Social Behavior and Personality, vol. 46, no. 10, pp. 1597-1609, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.7210   DOI
37 P. Sheldon, "The relationship between unwillingness-to-communicate and students' Facebook use, "Journal of Media Psychology, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 67-75, 2008, doi: https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105.20.2.67   DOI
38 B. McCord, T. L. Rodebaugh, and C. A. Levinson, "Facebook: Social uses and anxiety, "Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 34, pp. 23-27, 2014, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.01.020   DOI
39 M. R. Leary, "Social anxiousness: The construct and its measurement, "Journal of Personality Assessment, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 66-75, 1983, doi: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4701_8   DOI
40 L. R. Goldberg, "An alternative "description of personality": The Big-Five factor structure, "Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 1216-1229, 1990, doi: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4701_8   DOI
41 A. Bandura, "Human agency in social cognitive theory, "American Psychologist, vol. 44, pp. 1175-1184, 1989.   DOI
42 A. Bandura, "Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change, "Psychological Review, vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 191-215, 1977, doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191   DOI
43 A. Bandura, N. E. Adams, and J. Beyer, "Cognitive processes mediating behavioral change, "Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 35, no, 3, p. 125-139, 1977, doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.35.3.125   DOI
44 M. Sunnafrank, "Predicted outcome value during initial interactions A reformulation of uncertainty reduction theory, "Human Communication Research, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 3-33, 1986, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1986.tb00092.x   DOI
45 N. B. Ellison, C. Steinfield, and C. Lampe, "Connection strategies: Social capital implications of Facebook-enabled communication practices, "New Media & Society, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 873-892, 2011, doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444810385389   DOI
46 K. Moshkovitz and T. Hayat, "The rich get richer: Extroverts' social capital on twitter, "Technology in Society, vol. 65, 2021, Art. no. 101551, doi: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101551   DOI
47 M. Sunnafrank, "Predicted outcome value theory, "in The International Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Communication, ed: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118540190.wbeic048   DOI
48 R. LaRose and M. S. Eastin, "A social cognitive theory of Internet uses and gratifications: Toward a new model of media attendance, "Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 358-377, 2004, doi: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15506878jobem4803_2   DOI
49 S. Cohen, D. R. Sherrod, and M. S. Clark, "Social skills and the stress-protective role of social support, "Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 963-973, 1986, doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.50.5.963   DOI
50 C. R. Berger and R. J. Calabrese, "Some explorations in initial interaction and beyond: Toward a developmental theory of interpersonal communication, "Human Communication Research, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 99-112, 1975, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1975.tb00258.x   DOI
51 M.-H. Hsu, T. L. Ju, C.-H. Yen, and C.-M. Chang, "Knowledge sharing behavior in virtual communities: The relationship between trust, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations, "International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 153-169, 2007, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2006.09.003   DOI
52 A. Reissmann, J. Hauser, E. Stollberg, I. Kaunzinger, and K. W. Lange, "The role of loneliness in emerging adults' everyday use of facebook - An experience sampling approach, "Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 88, pp. 47-60, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.06.011   DOI
53 J. Kim and J.-E. R. Lee, "The Facebook paths to happiness: Effects of the number of Facebook friends and selfpresentation on subjective well-being, "Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 359-364, 2010, doi: https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2010.0374   DOI