Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/IJoC.2018.14.4.001

Development and Evaluation of Smartphone Detox Program for University Students  

Buctot, Danilo B. (Department of Addiction Science, Sahmyook University Graduate School)
Kim, Nami (Department of Addiction Science, Sahmyook University Graduate School)
Park, Kyung Eun (Department of Addiction Science, Sahmyook University Graduate School)
Publication Information
International Journal of Contents / v.14, no.4, 2018 , pp. 1-9 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study evaluates the effectiveness of smartphone detox program for smartphone addiction among university students. To reduce the rate of smartphone addiction and its negative effects on physical, mental and social wellness, a six-session program was applied to sixteen participants who voluntarily completed the entire program and responded to pre-post survey. Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale (SAPS) was used for smartphone addiction assessment with Mental Health Scale, Positive Psychological Capital Scale for mental wellness and Self-Management Scale for physical and social wellness. Results received after the program indicated that, smartphone addiction and mental health scores decreased significantly while the average scores of self-management and positive psychological capital increased respectively. Furthermore, the rate of high-risk group decreased, and the participants, affirmed in their self-evaluation report that excessive use of smartphone negatively affects their body, mind and interpersonal relationship. Thus, smartphone detox program is effective in reducing smartphone addiction and improving the students' wellness.
Keywords
Smartphone Addiction; Smartphone Detox; Positive Psychology Interventions; Positive Psychological Capital;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 K. Demirci, M. Akgonul, and A. Akpinar, "Relationship of Smartphone Use Severity with Sleep Quality, Depression, and Anxiety in University Students," Journal of Behavioral Addictions, vol. 4, no. 2, Jul. 2015, pp. 85-92.   DOI
2 H. Kim, "Exercise Rehabilitation for Smartphone Addiction," Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, vol. 9, no. 6, Dec. 2013, pp. 500-505.   DOI
3 N. Park and H. Lee, "Nature of Youth Smartphone Addiction in Korea: Diverse Dimensions of Smartphone Use and Individual Traits," Journal of Communication Research, vol. 51, no. 1, Feb. 2014, pp. 100-132.   DOI
4 H. S. Byeon, "The Review of Needs and Benefits of Digital Detox," Korean Management Consulting Review, vol. 17, no. 1, 2017, pp. 71-78.
5 M. D. Griffiths, "A 'Components' Model of Addiction within a Biopsychosocial Framework," Journal of Substance Use, vol. 10, no. 4, Jan. 2005, pp. 191-197.   DOI
6 C. F. Yen, T. C. Tang, Y. C. Yen, H. C. Lin, C. F. Huang, S. C. Liu, and C. H. Ko, "Symptoms of Problematic Cellular Phone Use, Functional Impairment and its Association with Depression among Adolescents in Southern Taiwan," Journal of Adolescence, vol. 32, no. 4, Aug. 2009, pp. 863-873.   DOI
7 D. Ding and J. Li, "Smartphone Overuse - A Growing Public Health Issue," Journal of Psychology & Psychotherapy, vol. 7, no. 289, Feb. 2017, pp. 1-3.
8 W. Lee and S. Shin, "A Comparative Study of Smartphone Addiction Drivers' Effect on Work Performance in the U.S. and Korea," Journal of Applied Business Research, vol. 32, no. 2, Mar.-Apr. 2016, pp. 507-516.   DOI
9 Korea Information Society Development Institute, Key Findings of 2016 Korea Media Panel Survey, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, 2016.
10 Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning and National Information Society Agency, The Survey on Internet Overdependence (in Korean), Daegu, Korea: Korea Information Society Agency, 2016.
11 J. Chun, "Conceptualizing effective interventions for smartphone addiction among Korean female adolescents," Children and Youth Services Review, vol. 84, Jan. 2018, pp. 35-39.   DOI
12 M. Samaha and N. S. Hawi, "Relationships among Smartphone Addiction, Stress, Academic Performance, and Satisfaction with Life," Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 57, Apr. 2016, pp. 321-325.   DOI
13 S. Haug, R. P.Castro, M. Kwon, A. Filler, T. Kowatsch, and M. P. Schaub, "Smartphone Use and Smartphone Addiction among Young People in Switzerland," Journal of Behavioral Addictions, vol. 4, no. 4, Dec. 2015, pp. 299-307.   DOI
14 S. I. Chiu, "The Relationship between Life Stress and Smartphone Addiction of Taiwanese University Student: A Mediation Model of Learning Self-Efficacy and Social Self-Efficacy," Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 34, May. 2014, pp. 49-57.   DOI
15 S. I. Jung, N. K. Lee, K. W. Kang, K. Kim, and Y. L. Do, "The Effect of Smartphone Usage Time on Posture and respiratory function," Journal of Physical Therapy Science, vol. 28, no. 1, 2016, pp. 186-189.   DOI
16 J. R. Muduli, Addiction to Technological Gadgets and its Impact on Health and Lifestyle: A Study on College Students, MA thesis, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India, 2014,
17 D. Sharan, M. Mohandoss, R. Ranganathan, and J. Jose, "Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Upper Extremities Due to Extensive Usage of Hand Held Devices," Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol. 26, no.1, Dec. 2014, p. 22.   DOI
18 S. Berolo, R. P. Wells, and B. C. Amick, "Musculoskeletal Symptoms among Mobile Hand-Held Device Users and their Relationship to Device Use: A Preliminary Study in a Canadian University Population," Applied Ergonomics, vol. 42, no. 2, Jan. 2011, pp. 371-378.   DOI
19 S. S. AlAbdulwahab, S. J. Kachanathu, and M. S. AlMotairi, "Smartphone Use Addiction Can Cause Neck Disability," Musculoskeletal Care, vol. 15, no. 1, Mar. 2017, pp. 10-12.   DOI
20 K. W. Kang, S. I. Jung, Y. L. Do, K. Kim, and N. K. Lee, "Effect of Sitting Posture on Respiratory Function While Using a Smartphone," Journal of Physical Therapy Science, vol. 28, no. 5, 2016, pp. 1496-1498.   DOI
21 Y. J. Kang, "Negative Impacts of Smartphones," Oct. 2015. Retrieved on Nov. 12, 2016 from http://m.koreatimes.co.kr/phone/news/view.jsp?req_newsidx=188169
22 M. H. Richardson, Increased Levels of Anxiety Revealing Characteristics of Social Phobia Elucidated by Smartphone Use, MA thesis, University of Central Florida Orlando, 2012.
23 A. Alrobai, J. McAlaney, K. Phalp, and R. Ali, "Online Peer Groups as a Persuasive Tool to Combat Digital Addiction," International Conference on Persuasive Technology, Apr. 2016, pp. 288-300.
24 U. Dogan and N. Tosun, "Mediating Effect of Problematic Smartphone Use on the Relationship Between Social Anxiety and Social Network Usage of High School Students," Adiyaman University Journal of Social Sciences, vol. 1, no. 1, 2016, pp. 99-128.
25 M. H. van Velthoven, J. Powell, and G. Powell, "Problematic Smartphone Use: Digital Approaches to an Emerging Public Health Problem," Digital Health, vol, 4, Mar. 2018, pp. 1-9.
26 S. T. Lim, D. G. Lee, and S. J. Lee, "A Study on the Factors Affecting Satisfaction of Smartphone Users." Journal of Digital Convergence, vol. 11, no.1, Dec. 2012, pp. 129-138.   DOI
27 A. Birchall, "Switching off Digital," Management Today, ISSN: 1440-5636, Jun. 2013, p. 44.
28 M. Emek, "Digital detox for the holidays: are we addicted?," Proc. ICTTT 2014, Aug. 2014, pp. 165-170.
29 S. T. Lim, A Study on the Influence of Techno-Stress and Digital Detox on the Satisfaction of Smartphone Use, doctoral dissertation, Chonnam National University, 2013.
30 J. Wu, Collaborative Leadership Roles in the Implementation of Adventist Health Lifestyle: A Case Study of the Chinese Union Mission, doctoral dissertation, Andrews University, 2014.
31 Florida Hospital Mission Integration & Culture. CREATION Health: God's Eight Principles for Living Life to the Fullest, Florida Hospital Mission Integration & Culture, Florida, 2016.
32 H. S. Yoo, An Empirical Study on Women's Human, Social and Psycholgical Capital: Focusing on Daejeon City, doctoral dissertation, Daejeon University, 2004.
33 F. Khazaei, O. Khazaei, and B. Ghanbari-H, "Positive Psychology Interventions for Internet Addiction Treatment," Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 72, Jul. 2017, pp. 304-311.   DOI
34 F. Luthans, C. M. Youssef, D. Sweetman, and P. Harms, "Meeting the Leadership Challenge of Employee Wellbeing through Relationship PsyCap and Health PsyCap," Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, vol. 20, no. 1, Feb. 2013, pp. 118-133.   DOI
35 M. E. P. Seligman, Learned Optimism, Pocket Books, New York, 1998.
36 National Information Society Agency, Development of Korean Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale for Youth and Adults, Seoul: National Information Society Agency, 2011.
37 D. I. Kim and H. N. Ahn, "A Validation Study of NEO Personality Assessment System (NEO-PAS) for Adolescents," The Korea Journal of Youth Counseling, vol. 14, no. 1, 2006, pp. 77-91.
38 H. S. Jeong and Y. O. Jang. "Causal Relationships between Time Management Ability, Self Management and its Related Factors among Adolescents," Family and Environment Research, vol. 47, no. 7, 2009, pp. 45-58.
39 C. W. Lim and G. C. Jeong, "Development and Effectiveness Verification of Smartphone Game Addiction Prevention Program for Adolescents," Korean Journal of Addiction Psychology, vol. 1, no. 1, 2016, pp. 67-84.
40 J. M. Boumosleh and D. Jaalouk, "Depression, Anxiety, and Smartphone Addiction in University Students - A Cross Sectional Study," PLoS one, vol. 12, no. 8, Aug. 2017, pp. 1-14.
41 M. C. Meyers, M.V. Woerkom, and A. B. Bakker, "The Added Value of the Positive: A Literature Review of Positive Psychology Interventions in Organizations," European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, vol. 22, no. 5, Oct. 2013, pp. 618-632.   DOI
42 L. Bolier, M. Haverman, G. J. Westerhof, H. Riper, F. Smit, and E. Bohlmeijer, "Positive Psychology Interventions: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies," BMC Public Health, vol. 13, Feb. 2013, p. 119.   DOI
43 N. L Sin and S. Lyubomirsky, "Enhancing Well-being and Alleviating Depressive Symptoms with Positive Psychology Interventions: A Practice-friendly Meta-analysis," Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 65, no. 5, May. 2009, pp. 467-487.   DOI
44 M. E. P. Seligman, T. A. Steen, N. Park, and C. Peterson, "Positive Psychology Progress: Empirical Validation of Interventions," American Psychologist, vol. 60, no. 5, Jul. 2005, p. 410.   DOI
45 F. Luthans, C. M. Youssef-Morgan, and B. Avolio, Psychological Capital and Beyond, Oxford University Press, New York, 2015.
46 I. K. Flink, E. Smeets, S. Bergbom, and M. L. Peters, "Happy Despite Pain: Pilot Study of a Positive Psychology Intervention for Patients with Chronic Pain," Scandinavian Journal of Pain, vol. 7, Apr. 2015, pp. 71-79.   DOI
47 N. Park, C. Peterson, D. Szvarca, R. J. V. Molen, E. S. Kim, and K. Collon, "Positive Psychology and Physical Health: Research and Applications," American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, vol. 10, no. 3, May. 2016, pp. 200-206.   DOI
48 A. S. Masten, J. J. Cutuli, J. E. Herbers, and M. G. J Reed, "12 Resilience in Development," In S. J. Lopez and C. R. Snyder (Ed), Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology, NY: Oxford University Press, 2009, p. 117.
49 M. Kim, H. Kim, K. Kim, S. Ju, J. Choi, and M. Yu, "Smartphone Addiction: Focused Depression, Aggression and Impulsion among College Students," Indian Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 8, no. 25, Sep. 2015, ISSN: 0974-5645.
50 B. H. O'Connell, D. O'Shea, and S. Gallagher, "Enhancing Social Relationships Through Positive Psychology Activities: A Randomized Controlled Trial," The Journal of Positive Psychology, vol. 11, no. 2, Mar. 2016, pp. 149-162.   DOI
51 Y. J. Park and M. Y. Jang, "The Correlation Between Smartphone Addiction and Sensory Processing Feature, Self- Efficacy in College Students," The Journal Korean Academy of Sensory Integration, vol. 13, no. 2, Nov. 2015, pp. 43-51.   DOI
52 R. N. Woo, Exploration of Risk Factors and Protective Factors in Addictive Mobile Phone Use, doctoral dissertation, Gyeongsang National University, 2009.