Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/IJoC.2015.11.3.007

Correction of Text Character Skeleton for Effective Trajectory Recovery  

Vu, Hoai Nam (School of Electronics and Computer Engineering Chonnam National University)
Na, In Seop (School of Electronics and Computer Engineering Chonnam National University)
Kim, Soo Hyung (School of Electronics and Computer Engineering Chonnam National University)
Publication Information
Abstract
One of the biggest problems of skeletonization is the occurrence of distortions at the junction point of the final binary image. At the junction area, a single point usually becomes a small stroke, and the corresponding trajectory task, as well as the OCR, consequently becomes more complicated. We therefore propose an adaptive post-processing method that uses an adaptive threshold technique to correct the distortions. Our proposed method transforms the distorted segments into a single point so that they are as similar to the original image as possible, and this improves the static handwriting images after the skeletonization process. Further, we attained promising results regarding the usage of the enhanced skeletonized images in other applications, thereby proving the expediency and efficiency of the proposed method.
Keywords
Skeleton; Offline Handwriting; Thinning; Post-processing;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 T. Y. Zhang and C. Y.Suen, “A Fast Parallel Algorithm for Thinning Digital Patterns,” Communications of the ACM, vol. 27, no. 3, Mar. 1984.   DOI
2 Z. Gou and Richard W. Hall, “Parallel Thinning with Two-Subiteration Algorithms,” Communications of ACM, vol. 32, no. 3, Mar. 1989.
3 Sukmoon Chang, “Extracting Skeletons form Distance Maps,” IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, vol. 7, no. 7, Jul. 2007.
4 F. W. M. Stentiford and R. G. Mortimer, “Some New Heuristics for Thinning Binary Handprinted Characters for OCR,” IEEE Transactions on System, Man, Cybernetics, vol. SMC-13, no. 1, 1983.   DOI
5 Ke Liu, Yea S. Huang, and Ching Y. Suen, “Identification of Fork Points on the Skeletons of Handwritten Chinese Characters,” Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 21, no. 10, Oct. 1999, pp. 1095-1100.   DOI
6 Hoang-Nam Bui, In-Seop Na, and Soo-Hyung Kim, “Staff Line Removal Using Line Adjacency Graph and Staff Line Skeleton for Camera-Based Printed Music Scores,” Proc. 22nd International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Stockholm, Sweden, Aug. 2014, pp. 2787-2789.
7 http://www.iam.unibe.ch/fki/database/iam-handwriting-database.
8 L. P. Cordella, C. De Stefano, A. Marcelli, and A. Santoro, “Writing Order Recovery from Off-Line Handwriting by Graph Traversal,” Pattern Recognition (ICPR), 2010 20th International Conference, Aug. 2010. pp. 1896-1899.
9 Vu Nguyen and Michael Blumenstein, 2010, Techniques for static handwriting trajectory recovery: a survey In Proceedings of the 9th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems(DAS '10), ACM, New York, NY, USA, 463-470. DOI=10.1145/1815330.1815390 http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1815330.1815390
10 V. Pervouchine, G. Leedham, and K. Melikhov, “Handwritten character skeletonization for forensic document analysis,” in ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, 2005.
11 E. L'Homer, “Extraction of strokes in handwritten characters,” Pattern Recognition, vol. 33, no. 7, 2000, pp. 1147-1160.   DOI
12 Y. Kato and M. Yasuhara, “Recovery of drawing order from single-stroke handwriting images,” PAMI, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 22, no. 9, 2000, pp. 938-949.   DOI
13 E. M. Nel, J. du Preez, and B. Herbst, “A pseudoskeletonization algorithm for static handwritten scripts,” IJDAR, vol. 12, no. 1, 2009, pp. 47-62.   DOI
14 A. Dawoud and M. Kamel, “New approach for the skeletonization of handwritten characters in gray-scale images,” in 7 th ICDAR, Edinburgh, Scotland, 2003, pp. 1233- 1237.
15 Yu Qiao, M. Nishiara, and Makoto Yasuhara, “A Framework Toward Restoration of Writing Order from Single-Stroked Handwriting Image,” Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions, vol. 28, no. 11, Nov. 2006, pp. 1724-1737.   DOI
16 T. Steinherz, N. Intrator, and E. Rivlin, “A special skeletonization algorithm for cursive words,” in 7 th IWFHR, Amsterdam, Netherland, 2000, pp. 529-534.
17 Louisa Lam, Seong-Whan Lee, and Ching Y. Suen, “Thinning Methodologies-A Comprehensive Survey, Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,” IEEE Transactions on, vol. 14, no. 9, Sep. 1992, pp. 869-885.
18 Y. Iwakiri, S. Shiraishi, Feng Yaokai, and S. Uchida, “On the possibility of instance-based stroke recovery,” Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR), 2012 International Conference, Sep. 2012, p. 29, p. 34.
19 T. Steinherz, D. Doermann, E. Rivlin, and N. Intrator, “Offline Loop Investigation for Handwriting Analysis,” Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions, vol. 31, no. 2, Feb. 2009, pp. 193-209.   DOI