Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4168/aair.2018.10.6.591

KAAACI Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chronic Cough in Adults and Children in Korea  

Song, Dae Jin (Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine and Environmental Health Center for Childhood Asthma, Korea University Anam Hospital)
Song, Woo-Jung (Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine)
Kwon, Jae-Woo (Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine)
Kim, Gun-Woo (Department of Internal Medicine, St. Carollo General Hospital)
Kim, Mi-Ae (Department of Pulmonology, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University)
Kim, Mi-Yeong (Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine)
Kim, Min-Hye (Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine)
Kim, Sang-Ha (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine)
Kim, Sang-Heon (Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine)
Kim, Sang Hyuck (Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital)
Kim, Sun-Tae (Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gachon University, Gil Medical center)
Kim, Sae-Hoon (Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital)
Kim, Ja Kyoung (Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University School of Medicine)
Kim, Joo-Hee (Department of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine)
Kim, Hyun Jung (Institute for Evidence-based Medicine Cochrane Korea, Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine)
Kim, Hyo-Bin (Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital)
Park, Kyung-Hee (Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine)
Yoon, Jae Kyun (Woori Pediatric Clinic)
Lee, Byung-Jae (Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine)
Lee, Seung-Eun (Respiratory and Allergy Clinic, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital)
Lee, Young Mok (GF Internal Medicine Allergy Clinic)
Lee, Yong Ju (Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital)
Lim, Kyung-Hwan (Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital)
Jeon, You Hoon (Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital)
Jo, Eun-Jung (Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine)
Jee, Young-Koo (Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine)
Jin, Hyun Jung (Department of Internal medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine)
Choi, Sun Hee (Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine)
Hur, Gyu Young (Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine)
Cho, Sang-Heon (Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine)
Kim, Sang-Hoon (Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine)
Lim, Dae Hyun (Department of Pediatrics, Inha University School of Medicine and Environmental Health Center for Allergic Disease, Inha University Hospital)
Publication Information
Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research / v.10, no.6, 2018 , pp. 591-613 More about this Journal
Abstract
Chronic cough is common in the community and causes significant morbidity. Several factors may underlie this problem, but comorbid conditions located at sensory nerve endings that regulate the cough reflex, including rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, asthma, eosinophilic bronchitis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease, are considered important. However, chronic cough is frequently non-specific and accompanied by not easily identifiable causes during the initial evaluation. Therefore, there are unmet needs for developing empirical treatment and practical diagnostic approaches that can be applied in primary clinics. Meanwhile, in referral clinics, a considerable proportion of adult patients with chronic cough are unexplained or refractory to conventional treatment. The present clinical practice guidelines aim to address major clinical questions regarding empirical treatment, practical diagnostic tools for non-specific chronic cough, and available therapeutic options for chronic wet cough in children and unexplained chronic cough in adults in Korea.
Keywords
Cough; guideline; evidence-based medicine;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Irwin RS, Baumann MH, Bolser DC, Boulet LP, Braman SS, Brightling CE, et al. Diagnosis and management of cough executive summary: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 2006;129:1S-23S.   DOI
2 Morice AH, Fontana GA, Sovijarvi AR, Pistolesi M, Chung KF, Widdicombe J, et al. The diagnosis and management of chronic cough. Eur Respir J 2004;24:481-92.   DOI
3 Birring SS, Kavanagh J, Lai K, Chang AB. Adult and paediatric cough guidelines: ready for an overhaul? Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2015;35:137-44.   DOI
4 Gibson P, Wang G, McGarvey L, Vertigan AE, Altman KW, Birring SS, et al. Treatment of unexplained chronic cough: CHEST guideline and expert panel report. Chest 2016;149:27-44.   DOI
5 Guyatt G, Oxman AD, Akl EA, Kunz R, Vist G, Brozek J, et al. GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables. J Clin Epidemiol 2011;64:383-94.   DOI
6 Houghton LA, Lee AS, Badri H, DeVault KR, Smith JA. Respiratory disease and the oesophagus: reflux, reflexes and microaspiration. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016;13:445-60.   DOI
7 Lilienfield LS, Rose JC, Princiotto JV. Antitussive activity of diphenhydramine in chronic cough. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1976;19:421-5.   DOI
8 Korevaar DA, Westerhof GA, Wang J, Cohen JF, Spijker R, Sterk PJ, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of minimally invasive markers for detection of airway eosinophilia in asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Respir Med 2015;3:290-300.   DOI
9 Marchant JM, Masters IB, Taylor SM, Cox NC, Seymour GJ, Chang AB. Evaluation and outcome of young children with chronic cough. Chest 2006;129:1132-41.   DOI
10 Chang AB, Upham JW, Masters IB, Redding GR, Gibson PG, Marchant JM, et al. Protracted bacterial bronchitis: The last decade and the road ahead. Pediatr Pulmonol 2016;51:225-42.   DOI
11 Chang AB, Glomb WB. Guidelines for evaluating chronic cough in pediatrics: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 2006;129:260S-283S.   DOI
12 Chang AB, Landau LI, Van Asperen PP, Glasgow NJ, Robertson CF, Marchant JM, et al. Cough in children: definitions and clinical evaluation. Med J Aust 2006;184:398-403.   DOI
13 Marchant J, Masters IB, Champion A, Petsky H, Chang AB. Randomised controlled trial of amoxycillin clavulanate in children with chronic wet cough. Thorax 2012;67:689-93.   DOI
14 Chang AB, Oppenheimer JJ, Weinberger MM, Rubin BK, Grant CC, Weir K, et al. Management of children with chronic wet cough and protracted bacterial bronchitis: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest 2017;151:884-90.   DOI
15 van Asperen PP, McKay KO, Mellis CM, Loh RK, Harth SC, Thong YH, et al. A multicentre randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study on the efficacy of Ketotifen in infants with chronic cough or wheeze. J Paediatr Child Health 1992;28:442-6.   DOI
16 Tanaka S, Hirata K, Kurihara N, Yoshikawa J, Takeda T. Effect of loratadine, an H1 antihistamine, on induced cough in non-asthmatic patients with chronic cough. Thorax 1996;51:810-4.   DOI
17 Fujimori K, Suzuki E, Arakawa M. Effects of oxatomide, H1-antagonist, on postinfectious chronic cough; a comparison of oxatomide combined with dextromethorphan versus dextromethorphan alone. Arerugi 1998;47:48-53.
18 Song WJ, Chang YS, Morice AH. Changing the paradigm for cough: does 'cough hypersensitivity' aid our understanding? Asia Pac Allergy 2014;4:3-13.   DOI
19 Chung KF, McGarvey L, Mazzone SB. Chronic cough as a neuropathic disorder. Lancet Respir Med 2013;1:414-22.   DOI
20 Morice AH, Menon MS, Mulrennan SA, Everett CF, Wright C, Jackson J, et al. Opiate therapy in chronic cough. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007;175:312-5.   DOI
21 Ciprandi G, Tosca M, Ricca V, Passalacqua G, Riccio AM, Bagnasco M, et al. Cetirizine treatment of rhinitis in children with pollen allergy: evidence of its antiallergic activity. Clin Exp Allergy 1997;27:1160-6.   DOI
22 Shields MD, Bush A, Everard ML, McKenzie S, Primhak RBritish Thoracic Society Cough Guideline Group. BTS guidelines: recommendations for the assessment and management of cough in children. Thorax 2008;63 Suppl 3:iii1-15.
23 Chang AB, Oppenheimer JJ, Weinberger MM, Rubin BK, Weir K, Grant CC, et al. Use of management pathways or algorithms in children with chronic cough: CHEST guideline and expert panel report. Chest 2017;151:875-83.   DOI
24 Chaudhuri R, McMahon AD, Thomson LJ, MacLeod KJ, McSharry CP, Livingston E, et al. Effect of inhaled corticosteroids on symptom severity and sputum mediator levels in chronic persistent cough. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004;113:1063-70.   DOI
25 Cass LJ, Frederik WS. Quantitative comparison of cough-suppressing effects of romilar and other antitussives. J Lab Clin Med 1956;48:879-85.
26 Ryan NM, Birring SS, Gibson PG. Gabapentin for refractory chronic cough: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2012;380:1583-9.   DOI
27 Ando A, Smallwood D, McMahon M, Irving L, Mazzone SB, Farrell MJ. Neural correlates of cough hypersensitivity in humans: evidence for central sensitisation and dysfunctional inhibitory control. Thorax 2016;71:323-9.   DOI
28 Cass LJ, Frederik WS. Evaluation of a new antitussive agent. N Engl J Med 1953;249:132-6.   DOI
29 Kirchheiner J, Schmidt H, Tzvetkov M, Keulen JT, Lotsch J, Roots I, et al. Pharmacokinetics of codeine and its metabolite morphine in ultra-rapid metabolizers due to CYP2D6 duplication. Pharmacogenomics J 2007;7:257-65.   DOI
30 Ribeiro M, Pereira CA, Nery LE, Beppu OS, Silva CO. High-dose inhaled beclomethasone treatment in patients with chronic cough: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2007;99:61-8.   DOI
31 Pizzichini MM, Pizzichini E, Parameswaran K, Clelland L, Efthimiadis A, Dolovich J, et al. Nonasthmatic chronic cough: no effect of treatment with an inhaled corticosteroid in patients without sputum eosinophilia. Can Respir J 1999;6:323-30.   DOI
32 Davies MJ, Fuller P, Picciotto A, McKenzie SA. Persistent nocturnal cough: randomised controlled trial of high dose inhaled corticosteroid. Arch Dis Child 1999;81:38-44.   DOI
33 Chamberlain Mitchell SA, Garrod R, Clark L, Douiri A, Parker SM, Ellis J, et al. Physiotherapy, and speech and language therapy intervention for patients with refractory chronic cough: a multicentre randomised control trial. Thorax 2017;72:129-36.   DOI
34 Vertigan AE, Kapela SL, Ryan NM, Birring SS, McElduff P, Gibson PG. Pregabalin and speech pathology combination therapy for refractory chronic cough: a randomized controlled trial. Chest 2016;149:639-48.   DOI
35 Jeyakumar A, Brickman TM, Haben M. Effectiveness of amitriptyline versus cough suppressants in the treatment of chronic cough resulting from postviral vagal neuropathy. Laryngoscope 2006;116:2108-12.   DOI
36 Vertigan AE, Theodoros DG, Gibson PG, Winkworth AL. Efficacy of speech pathology management for chronic cough: a randomised placebo controlled trial of treatment efficacy. Thorax 2006;61:1065-9.   DOI
37 Dicpinigaitis PV, Dobkin JB, Reichel J. Antitussive effect of the leukotriene receptor antagonist zafirlukast in subjects with cough-variant asthma. J Asthma 2002;39:291-7.   DOI
38 Mincheva RK, Kralimarkova TZ, Rasheva M, Dimitrov Z, Nedeva D, Staevska M, et al. A real-life observational pilot study to evaluate the effects of two-week treatment with montelukast in patients with chronic cough. Cough 2014;10:2.   DOI
39 Wang K, Birring SS, Taylor K, Fry NK, Hay AD, Moore M, et al. Montelukast for postinfectious cough in adults: a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med 2014;2:35-43.   DOI
40 Spector SL, Tan RA. Effectiveness of montelukast in the treatment of cough variant asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2004;93:232-6.   DOI
41 Kahrilas PJ, Howden CW, Hughes N, Molloy-Bland M. Response of chronic cough to acid-suppressive therapy in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Chest 2013;143:605-12.   DOI
42 Petitti DB, Teutsch SM, Barton MB, Sawaya GF, Ockene JK, DeWitt T, et al. Update on the methods of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: insufficient evidence. Ann Intern Med 2009;150:199-205.   DOI
43 Bao W, Liu P, Qiu Z, Yu L, Hang J, Gao X, et al. Efficacy of add-on montelukast in nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis: the additive effect on airway inflammation, cough and life quality. Chin Med J (Engl) 2015;128:39-45.   DOI
44 Kooi EM, Schokker S, Marike Boezen H, de Vries TW, Vaessen-Verberne AA, van der Molen T, et al. Fluticasone or montelukast for preschool children with asthma-like symptoms: randomized controlled trial. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2008;21:798-804.   DOI
45 Kopriva F, Sobolova L, Szotkowska J, Zapalka M. Treatment of chronic cough in children with montelukast,a leukotriene receptor antagonist. J Asthma 2004;41:715-20.   DOI
46 Faruqi S, Molyneux ID, Fathi H, Wright C, Thompson R, Morice AH. Chronic cough and esomeprazole: a double-blind placebo-controlled parallel study. Respirology 2011;16:1150-6.   DOI
47 Rane PP, Guha S, Chatterjee S, Aparasu RR. Prevalence and predictors of non-evidence based proton pump inhibitor use among elderly nursing home residents in the US. Res Social Adm Pharm 2017;13:358-63.   DOI
48 Song WJ, Chang YS, Faruqi S, Kim JY, Kang MG, Kim S, et al. The global epidemiology of chronic cough in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir J 2015;45:1479-81.   DOI
49 Kang MG, Song WJ, Kim HJ, Won HK, Sohn KH, Kang SY, et al. Point prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of chronic cough in the general adult population: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2012. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017;96:e6486.   DOI
50 Song WJ, Faruqi S, Klaewsongkram J, Lee SE, Chang YS. Chronic cough: an Asian perspective. Part 1: epidemiology. Asia Pac Allergy 2015;5:136-44.   DOI
51 Yadlapati R, Kahrilas PJ. The "dangers" of chronic proton pump inhibitor use. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018;141:79-81.   DOI
52 Lim KH, Kim MH, Yang MS, Song WJ, Jung JW, Lee J, et al. The KAAACI Standardization Committee Report on the procedure and application of the bronchial provocation tests. Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2018;6:14-25. CROSSREF   DOI
53 Kahrilas PJ, Altman KW, Chang AB, Field SK, Harding SM, Lane AP, et al. Chronic cough due to gastroesophageal reflux in adults: CHEST guideline and expert panel report. Chest 2016;150:1341-60.   DOI
54 Gibson PG, Dolovich J, Denburg J, Ramsdale EH, Hargreave FE. Chronic cough: eosinophilic bronchitis without asthma. Lancet 1989;333:1346-8.   DOI
55 Kang SY, Kim GW, Song WJ, Chang YS, Cho SH. Chronic cough in Korean adults: a literature review on common comorbidity. Asia Pac Allergy 2016;6:198-206.   DOI
56 Kim MH, Kim MY, Lim KH, Yang MS, Song WJ, Lee J, et al. KAAACI Standardization Committee report on the procedure and application of induced sputum examination. Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2017;5:307-11.   DOI
57 Alving K, Malinovschi A. Basic aspects of exhaled nitric oxide. Eur Respir Monogr 2010;49:1-31.
58 Song WJ, Kwon JW, Kim EJ, Lee SM, Kim SH, Lee SY, et al. Clinical application of exhaled nitric oxide measurements in a Korean population. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2015;7:3-13.   DOI
59 French CL, Irwin RS, Curley FJ, Krikorian CJ. Impact of chronic cough on quality of life. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:1657-61.   DOI
60 Morice AH. Epidemiology of cough. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2002;15:253-9.   DOI
61 Birring SS, Prudon B, Carr AJ, Singh SJ, Morgan MD, Pavord ID. Development of a symptom specific health status measure for patients with chronic cough: Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ). Thorax 2003;58:339-43.   DOI
62 Kwon JW, Moon JY, Kim SH, Song WJ, Kim MH, Kang MG, et al. Reliability and validity of a Korean version of the Leicester Cough Questionnaire. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2015;7:230-3.   DOI
63 Morice AH, Millqvist E, Belvisi MG, Bieksiene K, Birring SS, Chung KF, et al. Expert opinion on the cough hypersensitivity syndrome in respiratory medicine. Eur Respir J 2014;44:1132-48.   DOI
64 Song WJ, Morice AH, Kim MH, Lee SE, Jo EJ, Lee SM, et al. Cough in the elderly population: relationships with multiple comorbidity. PLoS One 2013;8:e78081.   DOI
65 Hulme K, Dogan S, Parker SM, Deary V. 'Chronic cough, cause unknown': a qualitative study of patient perspectives of chronic refractory cough. J Health Psychol 2017:1359105316684204.
66 Song WJ, Morice AH. Cough hypersensitivity syndrome: a few more steps forward. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2017;9:394-402.   DOI
67 Morice AH, Jakes AD, Faruqi S, Birring SS, McGarvey L, Canning B, et al. A worldwide survey of chronic cough: a manifestation of enhanced somatosensory response. Eur Respir J 2014;44:1149-55.   DOI
68 Chung KF, Pavord ID. Prevalence, pathogenesis, and causes of chronic cough. Lancet 2008;371:1364-74.   DOI
69 Kwon JW, Song WJ, Kim MH, Lim KH, Yang MS, Jung JW, et al. The KAAACI Standardization Committee Report on the procedure and application of fractional exhaled nitric oxide measurement. Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2017;5:185-92.   DOI
70 Song WJ, Kim HJ, Shim JS, Won HK, Kang SY, Sohn KH, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of fractional exhaled nitric oxide measurement in predicting cough-variant asthma and eosinophilic bronchitis in adults with chronic cough: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017;140:701-9.   DOI
71 Song WJ, Won HK, Moon SD, Chung SJ, Kang SY, Sohn KH, et al. Could fractional exhaled nitric oxide test be useful in predicting inhaled corticosteroid responsiveness in chronic cough? A systematic review. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2017;5:135-143.e1.   DOI
72 Agache I, Rogozea L. Asthma biomarkers: do they bring precision medicine closer to the clinic? Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2017;9:466-76.   DOI
73 Oh MJ, Lee JY, Lee BJ, Choi DC. Exhaled nitric oxide measurement is useful for the exclusion of nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis in patients with chronic cough. Chest 2008;134:990-5.   DOI
74 Cao X, Wu Y. Measurement of fractional nitric oxide concentration in exhaled breath to assess cough variant asthma in child patients. Acta Acad Med Xuzhou 2015;35:328-30.
75 Ji X, Wang K, Chen J, Zhou X, Wang D, Zheng C. Clinical significance of fractional exhaled nitric oxide test in children with chronic cough. China Mod Dr 2013;20:42-5.
76 Wang T, Shang Y, Zhang H, Liu F, Feng Y. Clinical value of expired nitric oxide level in predicting bronchial hyperreactivity in children with chronic cough. Chin J Pract Pediatr 2015;30:203-6.
77 Zhu H, Yu X, Hao C, Wang Y, Yang X, Lu Y, et al. The diagnostic value of the fractional exhaled nitric oxide for cough variant asthma in children. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2015;38:352-5.