Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40069-015-0100-0

Strength and Durability Evaluation of Recycled Aggregate Concrete  

Yehia, Sherif (Department of Civil Engineering, American University of Sharjah)
Helal, Kareem (Department of Civil Engineering, American University of Sharjah)
Abusharkh, Anaam (Department of Civil Engineering, American University of Sharjah)
Zaher, Amani (Department of Civil Engineering, American University of Sharjah)
Istaitiyeh, Hiba (Department of Civil Engineering, American University of Sharjah)
Publication Information
International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials / v.9, no.2, 2015 , pp. 219-239 More about this Journal
Abstract
This paper discusses the suitability of producing concrete with 100 % recycled aggregate to meet durability and strength requirements for different applications. Aggregate strength, gradation, absorption, specific gravity, shape and texture are some of the physical and mechanical characteristics that contribute to the strength and durability of concrete. In general, the quality of recycled aggregate depends on the loading and exposure conditions of the demolished structures. Therefore, the experimental program was focused on the evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of the recycled aggregate over a period of 6 months. In addition, concrete properties produced with fine and coarse recycled aggregate were evaluated. Several concrete mixes were prepared with 100 % recycled aggregates and the results were compared to that of a control mix. SEM was conducted to examine the microstructure of selected mixes. The results showed that concrete with acceptable strength and durability could be produced if high packing density is achieved.
Keywords
recycled aggregate; concrete properties; physical properties; mechanical properties;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Abbas, A., Fathifazl, G., Isgor, O. B., Razaqpur, A. G., Fournier, B., & Foo, S. (2009). Durability of recycled aggregate concrete designed with equivalent mortar volume method. Cement & Concrete Composites, 31(8), 555-563.   DOI
2 Abdelfatah, A., Tabsh, S., & Yehia, S. (2011). Utlilization of recycled coarse aggregate in concrete mixes. Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 5(6), 562-566.
3 Akbarnezhad, A., Ong, K. C. G., Tam, C. T., & Zhang, M. H. (2013). Effects of the parent concrete properties and crushing procedure on the properties of coarse recycled concrete aggregates. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 25(12), 1795-1802.   DOI
4 Amorim, P., De Brito, J., & Evangelista, L. (2012). Concrete made with coarse concrete aggregate: Influence of curing on durability. ACI Materials Journal, 109(2), 195.
5 Ann, K. Y., Moon, H. Y., Kim, Y. B., & Ryou, J. (2008). Durability of recycled aggregate concrete using pozzolanic materials. Waste Management, 28(6), 993-999.   DOI
6 Ann, T. W., Poon, C. S., Wong, A., Yip, R., & Jaillon, L. (2013). Impact of construction waste disposal charging scheme on work practices at construction sites in Hong Kong. Waste Management, 33(1), 138-146.   DOI
7 ASTM C131. (2006). Standard test method for resistance to degradation of small-size coarse aggregate by abrasion and impact in the Los Angeles machine. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
8 ASTM C29/29 M. (2009). Standard test method for bulk density (unit weight) and voids in aggregate. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
9 ASTM C78/C78 M-10e1. (2010). Standard test method for flexural strength of concrete (using simple beam with thirdpoint loading). West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
10 ASTM C136. (2011a). Standard test method for sieve analysis of fine and coarse aggregates ASTM West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
11 ASTM C496/C496 M. (2011b). Standard test method for splitting tensile strength of cylindrical concrete specimens. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
12 ASTM C127. (2012a). Standard test method for density, relative density (specific gravity), and absorption of coarse aggregate. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
13 ASTM C1202. (2012b). Standard test method for electrical indication of concrete's ability to resist chloride ion penetration. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
14 ASTM C33/C33. M (2013a). Standard specification for concrete aggregates. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
15 ASTM C88. (2013b). Standard test method for soundness of aggregates by use of sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
16 Berndt, M. L. (2009). Properties of sustainable concrete containing fly ash, slag and recycled concrete aggregate. Construction and Building Materials, 23(7), 2606-2613.   DOI
17 Bodet, R. (2014). Review French/European standards and regulations. 08/07/2014 http://navier.enpc.fr/IMG/pdf/Standards_and _regulation_R-BODET.pdf.
18 Braunschweig, A., Kytzia, S., & Bischof, S. (2011). Recycled concrete: Environmentally beneficial over virgin concrete?, www.lcm2011.org.
19 BSI EN 1097-2:2010. (2010b). Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates: Methods for the determination of resistance to fragmentation. London, UK: British Standards Institute.
20 BSI EN 12390-6:2009. (2010a). Testing hardened concrete Compressive strength of test specimens. British Standard Institute.
21 BSI 812-105.2. (1990). Method for determination of particle size: Elongation index of coarse aggregate. London, UK: British Standard Institute.
22 Cabral, A. E. B., Schalch, V., Dal Molin, D. C. C., & Ribeiro, J. L. D. (2010). Mechanical properties modeling of recycled aggregate concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 24(4), 421-430.   DOI
23 Cement, Concrete, and Aggregates (2008). Use of recycled aggregate. Australia: Hong Kong Housing Authority.
24 Chen, H.-G., & Ying, J.-W. (2011). Analysis of factors influencing durability of recycled aggregate: A review. Paper presented at the electric technology and civil engineering, Lushan.
25 Chen, Z.-P., Huang, K.-W., Zhang, X.-G., & Xue, J.-Y. (2010). Experimental research on the flexural strength of recycled coarse aggregate concrete. Paper presented at the 2010 international conference on mechanic automation and control engineering (MACE), Wuhan, China.
26 Corinaldesi, V. (2010). Mechanical and elastic behaviour of concretes made of recycled-concrete coarse aggregates. Construction and Building Materials, 24(9), 1616-1620. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.02.031.   DOI
27 Corinaldesi, V., & Moriconi, G. (2009). Influence of mineral additions on the performance of 100% recycled aggregate concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 23(8), 2869-2876.   DOI
28 EU. Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives. European Union.
29 De Brito, J., & Saikia, N. (2013). Recycled aggregate in concrete: Use of industrial, construction and demolition waste. 445 p., London, UK: Springer.
30 de Juan, M. S., & Gutierrez, P. A. (2009). Study on the influence of attached mortar content on the properties of recycled concrete aggregate. Construction and Building Materials, 23(2), 872-877.   DOI
31 Domingo-Cabo, A., Lazaro, C., Lopez-Gayarre, F., Serrano-Lopez, M. A., Serna, P., & Castano-Tabares, J. O. (2009). Creep and shrinkage of recycled aggregate concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 23(7), 2545-2553.   DOI
32 Eisa, A. (2014). Properties of concrete incorporating recycled post-consumer environmental wastes. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 8(3), 251-258.   DOI
33 Etxeberria, M., Vazques, E., Mari, A., & Barra, M. (2007). Influence of amount of recycled coarse aggregates and production process on properties of recycled aggregate concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 37(5), 735-742.   DOI
34 European Aggregate Association. (2010). Planning policies and permitting procedures to ensure the sustainable supply of aggregates in Europe. Austria: University of Leoben.
35 Evangelista, L., & Brito, J. D. (2007). Mechanical behaviour of concrete made with fine recycled concrete aggregates. Cement & Concrete Composites, 29(5), 397-401. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2006.12.004.   DOI
36 Fathifazl, G., & Razaqpur, A. G. (2013). Creep rheological models for recycled aggregate concrete. ACI Materials Journal, 110(2), 115-126.
37 Gonclaves, A., Esteves, A., & Vieira, M. (2004). Influence of recycled concrete aggregate on concrete durability. Paper presented at the National Laboratory of Civil Engineering, Portugal.
38 Fathifazl , G., Abbas, A., Razaqpur, A. G., Isgor, O. B., Fournier, B., & Foo, S. (2009). New mixture proportioning method for concrete made with coarse recycled concrete aggregate. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 21(10), 601-611.   DOI
39 Fathifazl, G., Razaqpur, A. G., Isgor, O. B., Abbas, A., Fournier, B., & Foo, S. (2011). Creep and drying shrinkage characteristics of concrete produced with coarse recycled concrete aggregate. Cement & Concrete Composites, 33(10), 1026-1037.   DOI
40 Garg, P., Singh, H., & Walia, B. S. (2013). Optimum Size of Recycled Aggregate. GE-International Journal of Engineering Research. pp. 35-41, ISSN:2321-1717
41 Gupta, Y. P. (2009). Use of recycled aggregate in concrete construction: A need for sustainable environment. Paper presented at the our world in concrete and structures, Singapore.
42 Hansen, T. C. (1986). Recycled aggregates and recycled aggregate concrete second state-of-the-art report developments 1945-1985. Materials and Structures, 19(3), 201-246.   DOI
43 Henschen, J., Teramoto, A., & Lange, D. A. (2012, January). Shrinkage and creep performance of recycled aggregate concrete. In 7th RILEM international conference on cracking in pavements (pp. 1333-1340). Springer Netherlands.
44 Kartam, N., Al-Mutairi, N., Al-Ghusain, I., & Al-Humoud, J. (2004). Environmental management of construction and demolition waste in Kuwait. Waste Management, 24(10), 1049-1059.   DOI
45 Kwan, W. H., Ramli, M., Kam, K. J., & Sulieman, M. Z. (2012). Influence of the amount of recycled coarse aggregate in concrete design and durability properties. Construction and Building Materials, 26(1), 565-573.   DOI
46 Katz, A. (2003). Properties of concrete made with recycled aggregate from partially hydrated old concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 33(5), 703-711.   DOI
47 Knaack, A. M., & Kurama, Y. C. (2013). Design of concrete mixtures with recycled concrete aggregates. ACI Materials Journal, 110(5), 483-493.
48 Kou, S. C., & Poon, C. S. (2012). Enhancing the durability properties of concrete prepared with coarse recycled aggregate. Construction and Building Materials, 35, 69-76.   DOI
49 Lederle, R. E., & Hiller, J. E. (2013). Reversible shrinkage of concrete made with recycled concrete aggregate and other aggregate types. ACI Materials Journal, 110(4), 423.
50 Levy, S. M., & Helene, P. (2004). Durability of recycled aggregates concrete: A safe way to sustainable development. Cement and Concrete Research, 34(11), 1975-1980.   DOI
51 Limbachiya, M. C., Koulouris, A., Roberts, J. J., & Fried, A. N. (2004). Performance of Recycled Concrete Aggregate. Paper presented at the RILEM international symposium on environmental-conscious materials and systems for sustainable development
52 Llatas, C. (2011). A model for quantifying construction waste in projects according to the European waste list. Waste Management, 31(6), 1261-1276.   DOI
53 Lu, W., & Tam, V. W. (2013). Construction waste management policies and their effectiveness in Hong Kong: A longitudinal review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 23, 214-223.   DOI
54 Marinkovic, S., Radonjanin, V., Malesev, M., & Ignjatovic, I. (2010). Comparative environmental assessment of natural and recycled aggregate concrete. Waste Management, Elsevier, 30(11), 2255-2264.   DOI
55 Lu, W., & Yuan, H. (2011). A framework for understanding waste management studies in construction. Waste Management, 31(6), 1252-1260.   DOI
56 Malesev, M., Radonjanin, V., & Marinkovic, S. (2010). Recycled concrete as aggregate for structural concrete production. Sustainability, 2(5), 1204-1225. doi:10.3390/su2051204.   DOI
57 Manzi, S., Mazzotti, C., & Bignozzi, M. C. (2013). Short and long-term behavior of structural concrete with recycled concrete aggregate. Cement & Concrete Composites, 37, 312-318.   DOI
58 McNeil, K., & Kang, T. H.-K. (2013). Recycled concrete aggregates: A review. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 7(1), 61-69.   DOI
59 Medina, C., Zhu, W., Howind, T., Sanchez de Rojas, M. I., & Frias, M. (2014). Influence of mixed recycled aggregate on the physical-mechanical properties of recycled concrete. Journal of Cleaner Production, 68(1), 216-225.   DOI
60 Ministry of Natural Resources (2010). State of the aggregate resource in Ontario study. Toronto, Canada: Queen's Printer for Ontario.
61 Naik, T. R., & Moriconi, G. (2005) Environmental-friendly durable concrete made with recycled materials for sustainable concrete construction CANMET/ACI international symposium on sustainable development of cement and concrete, Toronto, Canada, October 2005 (pp. 1-13).
62 Neville, A. M. (1995). Properties of concrete. Harlow, NY: Pearson.
63 Padmini, A. K., Ramamurthy, K., & Mathews, M. S. (2009). Influence of parent concrete on the properties of recycled aggregate concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 23(2), 829-836. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.03.006.   DOI
64 Oikonomou, N. D. (2005). Recycled concrete aggregates. Cement & Concrete Composites, 27(2), 315-318.   DOI
65 Olorunsogo, F. T., & Padayachee, N. (2002). Performance of recycled aggregate concrete monitored by durability indexes. Cement and Concrete Research, 32(2), 179-185.   DOI
66 Otsuki, N., Miyazato, S. I., & Yodsudjai, W. (2003). Influence of recycled aggregate on interfacial transition zone, strength, chloride penetration and carbonation of concrete. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 15(5), 443-451.   DOI
67 Poon, C. S., Shui, Z. H., & Lam, L. (2004). Effect of microstructure of ITZ on compressive strength of concrete prepared with recycled aggregates. Construction and Building Materials, 18(6), 461-468.   DOI
68 Qasrawi, H., & Marie, I. (2013). Towards better understanding of concrete containing recycled concrete aggregate. Advances in Materials and Science Engineering. doi: 10.1155/2013/636034.   DOI
69 Rahal, K. (2007). Mechanical properties of concrete with recycled coarse aggregate. Building and Environment, 42(1), 407-415. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.07.033.   DOI
70 Rao, M. C., Bhattacharyya, S. K., & Barai, S. V. (2010). Recycled aggregate concrete: A sustainable built environment. Paper presented at the ICSBE: International conference on sustainable built environment.
71 Silva, R. V., de Brito, J., & Dhir, R. K. (2015). Prediction of the shrinkage behavior of recycled aggregate concrete: A review. Construction and Building Materials, 77, 327-339.   DOI
72 Ryou, J. S., & Lee, Y. S. (2014). Characterization of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) via a surface coating method. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 8(2), 165-172.   DOI
73 Sagoe-Crentsil, K., Brown, T., & Taylor, A. H. (2001). Performance of concrete made with commercially produced coarse recycled concrete aggregate. Cement and Concrete Research, 31(5), 707-712. doi:10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00476-2.   DOI
74 Silva, R. V., De Brito, J., & Dhir, R. K. (2014). Properties and composition of recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste suitable for concrete production. Construction and Building Materials, 65, 201-217.   DOI
75 Sim, J., & Park, C. (2011). Compressive strength and resistance to chloride ion penetration and carbonation of recycled aggregate concrete with varying amount of fly ash and fine recycled aggregate. Waste Management, 31(11), 2352-2360. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2011.06.014.   DOI
76 Sonawane, T. R., & Pimplikar, S. S. (2013). Use of recycled aggregate in concrete. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2(1), 1-9.
77 Tabsh, S. W., & Abdelfatah, A. S. (2009). Influence of recycled concrete aggregates on strength properties of concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 23(2), 1163-1167. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.06.007.   DOI
78 Tam, V. W. Y. (2008). Economic comparison of concrete recycling: A case study approach. Elsevier, 52(5), 821-828.   DOI
79 Tam, V. W., Gao, X. F., Tam, C. M., & Chan, C. H. (2008). New approach in measuring water absorption of recycled aggregates. Construction and Building Materials, 22(3), 364-369.   DOI
80 Tam, V. W., Gao, X. F., & Tam, C. M. (2005). Microstructural analysis of recycled aggregate concrete produced from twostage mixing approach. Cement and Concrete Research, 35(6), 1195-1203.   DOI
81 Tam, V. W. Y., & Tam, C. M. (2007). Economic comparison of recycling over-ordered fresh concrete: A case study approach. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 52(2), 208-218. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2006.12.005.   DOI
82 Tam, V. W., Tam, C. M., & Le, K. N. (2007a). Removal of cement mortar remains from recycled aggregate using presoaking approaches. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 50(1), 82-101.   DOI
83 Tam, V. W., Tam, C. M., & Wang, Y. (2007b). Optimization on proportion for recycled aggregate in concrete using twostage mixing approach. Construction and Building Materials, 21(10), 1928-1939.   DOI
84 Tepordei, V. V. (1999). Natural aggregates-Foundation of America's future. USGS: Science for a changing world.
85 The Freedonia Group. (2012). World Construction Aggregates.
86 Thomas, C., Setien, J., Polanco, J. A., Alaejos, P., & Sanchez de Juan, M. (2013). Durability of recycled concrete aggregate. Construction and Building Materials, 40, 1054-1065.   DOI
87 Topcu, I. B., & Guncan, N. F. (1995). Using waste concrete as aggregate. Cement and Concrete Research, 25(7), 1385-1390. doi:10.1016/0008-8846(95)00131-U.   DOI
88 Vyas, C. M., & Bhatt, D. R. (2013). Evaluation of modulus of elasticity for recycled coarse aggregate concrete. International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology, 2(1), 26.
89 Transportation Applications of Recycled Concrete Aggregate-FHWA State of the Practice National Review 2004; U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration: Washington, DC, 2004; pp. 1-47.
90 Ulloa, V. A., Garcia-Taengua, E., Pelufo, M. J., Domingo, A., & Serna, P. (2013). New views on effect of recycled aggregates on concrete compressive strength. ACI Materials Journal, 110(6), 1-10.
91 Wardeh, G., Ghorbel, E., & Gomart, H. (2014). Mix design and properties of recycled aggregate concretes: Applicability of Eurocode 2. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 9(1), 1-20.   DOI
92 Xiao, J., Li, W., Sun, Z., & Shah, S. P. (2012a). Crack propagation in recycled aggregate concrete under uniaxial compressive loading. ACI Materials Journal, 109(4), 451-462.
93 Xiao, J., Fana, L. Y., & Huang, X. (2012b). An overview of study on recycled aggregate concrete in China (1996-2011). Construction and Building Materials, 31, 364-383. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.12.074.   DOI
94 Xiao, J., Li, L., Tam, V. W., & Li, H. (2014). The state of the art regarding the long-term properties of recycled aggregate concrete. Structural Concrete, 15(1), 3-12.   DOI
95 Xiao, J. Z., Li, J. B., & Zhang, C. (2006). On relationships between the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete: An overview. Materials and Structures, 39(6), 655-664.   DOI
96 Yang, K. H., Chung, H. S., & Ashour, A. F. (2008). Influence of type and replacement level of recycled aggregates on concrete properties. ACI Materials Journal, 105(3), 289-296.
97 Zaharieva, R., Buyle-Bodin, F., Skoczylas, F., & Wirquin E. (2003). Assessment of the surface permeation properties of recycled aggregate concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites, 25(2), 223-232. doi:10.1016/S0958-9465(02)00010-0   DOI
98 Yehia, S., Khan, S., & Abudayyeh, O. (2008). Evaluation of mechanical properties of recycled aggregate for structural applications. HBRC Journal, 4(3), 7-16.