Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40069-014-0068-1

An Experimental Study on Fracture Energy of Plain Concrete  

Lee, Jaeha (Department of Civil Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University)
Lopez, Maria M. (Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University)
Publication Information
International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials / v.8, no.2, 2014 , pp. 129-139 More about this Journal
Abstract
In this study, the concrete fracture energy was obtained using the three point notched beam test method developed by Hillerborg et al. (Cem Concr Res 6(6):773-782, 1976). A total of 12 notched concrete beams were tested under two different loading conditions: constant stroke control and constant crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) control. Despite individual fracture energies obtained from the two different loading conditions showing some variation, the average fracture energy from both loading conditions was very similar. Furthermore, the results obtained support the idea that a far tail constant "A" could change the true fracture energy by up to 11 %, if it is calculated using CMOD instead of LVDT. The far tail constant "A" is determined using a least squares fit onto a straight line according to Elices et al. (Mater Struct 25(148):212-218, 1992) and RILEM report (2007). It was also observed that the selection of the end point can produce variations of the true fracture energy. The end point indicates the point in the experiment at which to stop. An end point of 2 mm has been recommended, however, in this study other end points were also considered. The final form of the bilinear softening curve was determined based on Elices and Guinea's methods (1992, 1994) and RILEM report (2007). This paper proposes a bilinear stress-crack opening displacement curve according to test results as well as the CEB-FIP model code.
Keywords
concrete; fracture energy; bilinear softening curve; tensile behavior;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Planas, J., Guinea, G. V., & Elices, M. (1999). Size effect and inverse analysis in concrete fracture. International Journal of Fracture, 95(1-4), 367-378.   DOI
2 Planas, J., Guinea, G. V., Galvez, J. C., Sanz, B., & Fathy, A. M. (2007). Indirect test for stress-crack opening curve. RILEM report-TC-187-SOC.
3 RILEM Draft Recommendation. (1990). Determination of fracture parameter (Kic s and CTODc) of plain concrete using three point bend tests. Materials and Structures, 23, 457-460.   DOI
4 Rocco, C., Guinea, G. V., Planas, J., & Elices, M. (2001). Review of the splitting-test standards from a fracture mechanics point of view. Cement and Concrete Research, 31(1), 73-82.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Hillerborg, A., Modeer, M., & Petersson, P. (1976). Analysis of crack formation and crack growth in concrete by means of fracture mechanics and finite elements. Cement and Concrete Research, 6(6), 773-782.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Kitsutaka, Y., Kurihara, N., & Nakamura, S. (1998). Evaluation method of tension softening properties. Proceedings of the FRAMCOS 3 preconference workshop on quantitative evaluation methods for toughness and softening properties of concrete, Gifu, Japan.
7 Lubliner, J., Oliver, J., Oller, S., & Onate, E. (1989). Plasticdamage model for concrete. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 25(3), 299-326.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Maturana, P., Planas, J., & Elices, M. (1990). Evolution of fracture behaviour of saturated concrete in the low temperature range. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 35(4-5), 827-834.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Petersson, P. E. (1981). Crack growth and development of fracture zones in plain concrete and similar materials. Rep. TVBM-1006, Division of Building Materials, Lund Institute of Technology, Sweden.
10 CEB-FIP. (2010). Final draft CEB-FIP model code 2010. Bulletin Information Committee Euro-International. Beton 203.
11 Coronado, C., & Lopez, M. (2005). Modeling of FRP-concrete bond using nonlinear damage mechanics. Proceedings of the FRPRCS-7: 7th International symposium on fiber reinforced polymer reinforcement for reinforced concrete structures, ACI, KS.
12 Coronado, C. A., & Lopez, M. M. (2008). Experimental characterization of concrete epoxy interfaces. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 20(4), 303-312.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Elices, M., Guinea, G., & Planas, J. (1992). Measurement of the fracture energy using 3-point bend tests. 1. Influence of experimental procedures. Materials and Structures, 25(148), 212-218.   DOI
14 Elices, M., Guinea, G. V., Gomez, J., & Planas, J. (2002). The cohesive zone model: Advantages, limitations and challenges. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 69(2), 137-163.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Gerstle, W. (2010). Progress in developing a standard fracture toughness test for concrete. Structures Congress 2010, ASCE, Orlando, FL.
16 Guinea, G., Planas, J., & Elices, M. (1994). A general bilinear fitting for the softening curve of concrete. Materials and Structures, 27(2), 99-105.   DOI
17 ACI 446. (2009). Fracture toughness testing of concrete. Farmington Hills, MI: America Concrete Institute (in progress).
18 ASTM. (2005). Standard test method for splitting tensile strength of cylindrical concrete specimens. Annual book of ASTM standards, C496/C496M (Vol. 04.02).
19 Bazant, Z. P. (1976). Instability, ductility, and size effect in strain softening concrete. Journal of Engineering Mechanics Division, 102(2), 331-344.
20 Bazant, Z. P., & Planas, J. (1998). Fracture and size effect in concrete and other quasibrittle materials. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
21 Bazant, Z. P., & Yu, Q. (2011). Size effect testing of cohesive fracture parameters and nonuniqueness of work-of-fracture method. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 137(8), 580-588.   DOI   ScienceOn
22 CEB-FIP. (1990). Final draft CEB-FIP model code 1990. Bulletin Information Committee Euro-International, Beton 203.
23 Reinhardt, H. W., Cornelissen, H. A. W., & Hordijk, D. A. (1986). Tensile tests and failure analysis of concrete. ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, 112(11), 2462-2477.   DOI   ScienceOn