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http://dx.doi.org/10.14348/molcells.2021.0057

Post-Translational Modifications in Transcription Factors that Determine T Helper Cell Differentiation  

Kim, Hyo Kyeong (College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University)
Jeong, Mi Gyeong (College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University)
Hwang, Eun Sook (College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University)
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Molecules and Cells / v.44, no.5, 2021 , pp. 318-327 More about this Journal
Abstract
CD4+ T helper (Th) cells play a crucial role in the modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses through the differentiation of Th precursor cells into several subsets, including Th1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Effector Th and Treg cells are distinguished by the production of signature cytokines and are important for eliminating intracellular and extracellular pathogens and maintaining immune homeostasis. Stimulation of naive Th cells by T cell receptor and specific cytokines activates master transcription factors and induces lineage specification during the differentiation of Th cells. The master transcription factors directly activate the transcription of signature cytokine genes and also undergo post-translational modifications to fine-tune cytokine production and maintain immune balance through cross-regulation with each other. This review highlights the post-translational modifications of master transcription factors that control the differentiation of effector Th and Treg cells and provides additional insights on the immune regulation mediated by protein argininemodifying enzymes in effector Th cells.
Keywords
arginine-modifying enzyme; CD4 T cell differentiation; effector Th and Treg cell; master regulatory transcription factor; post-translational modifications;
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