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http://dx.doi.org/10.14348/molcells.2016.2298

Caffeine Induces the Stress Response and Up-Regulates Heat Shock Proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans  

Al-Amin, Mohammad (Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology and Institute of KU Biotechnology, Konkuk University)
Kawasaki, Ichiro (Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology and Institute of KU Biotechnology, Konkuk University)
Gong, Joomi (Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology and Institute of KU Biotechnology, Konkuk University)
Shim, Yhong-Hee (Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology and Institute of KU Biotechnology, Konkuk University)
Abstract
Caffeine has both positive and negative effects on physiological functions in a dose-dependent manner. C. elegans has been used as an animal model to investigate the effects of caffeine on development. Caffeine treatment at a high dose (30 mM) showed detrimental effects and caused early larval arrest. We performed a comparative proteomic analysis to investigate the mode of action of high-dose caffeine treatment in C. elegans and found that the stress response proteins, heat shock protein (HSP)-4 (endoplasmic reticulum [ER] chaperone), HSP-6 (mitochondrial chaperone), and HSP-16 (cytosolic chaperone), were induced and their expression was regulated at the transcriptional level. These findings suggest that high-dose caffeine intake causes a strong stress response and activates all three stress-response pathways in the worms, including the ER-, mitochondrial-, and cytosolic pathways. RNA interference of each hsp gene or in triple combination retarded growth. In addition, caffeine treatment stimulated a food-avoidance behavior (aversion phenotype), which was enhanced by RNAi depletion of the hsp-4 gene. Therefore, up-regulation of hsp genes after caffeine treatment appeared to be the major responses to alleviate stress and protect against developmental arrest.
Keywords
caffeine; C. elegans development; food-avoidance behavior; heat shock protein; proteomic analysis;
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