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Complete Mitochondrial Genome of a Troglobite Millipede Antrokoreana gracilipes (Diplopoda, Juliformia, Julida), and Juliformian Phylogeny  

Woo, Hyung-Jik (Department of Biology, Teachers College, Kyungpook National University)
Lee, Yong-Seok (Department of Biology, Teachers College, Kyungpook National University)
Park, Shin-Ju (Department of Biology, Teachers College, Kyungpook National University)
Lim, Jong-Tae (Department of Biology, Teachers College, Kyungpook National University)
Jang, Kuem-Hee (Department of Biology, Teachers College, Kyungpook National University)
Choi, Eun-Hwa (Department of Biology, Teachers College, Kyungpook National University)
Choi, Yong-Gun (The Korean Institute of Biospeleology)
Hwang, Ui Wook (Department of Biology, Teachers College, Kyungpook National University)
Publication Information
Molecules and Cells / v.23, no.2, 2007 , pp. 182-191 More about this Journal
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of a troglobite millipede Antrokoreana gracilipes (Verhoeff, 1938) (Dipolopoda, Juliformia, Julida) was sequenced and characterized. The genome (14,747 bp) contains 37 genes (2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and 13 protein-encoding genes) and two large non-coding regions (225 bp and 31 bp), as previously reported for two diplopods, Narceus annularus (order Spirobolida) and Thyropygus sp. (order Spirostreptida). The A + T content of the genome is 62.1%, and four tRNAs ($tRNA^{Ser(AGN)}$, $tRNA^{Cys}$, $tRNA^{Ile}$ and $tRNA^{Met}$) have unusual and unstable secondary structures. Whereas Narceus and Thyropygus have identical gene arrangements, the $tRNA^{Thr}$ and $tRNA^{Trp}$ of Antrokoreana differ from them in their orientations and/or positions. This suggests that the Spirobolida and Spirostreptida are more closely related to each other than to the Dipolopoda. Three scenarios are proposed to account for the unique gene arrangement of Antrokoreana. The data also imply that the Duplication and Nonrandom Loss (DNL) model is applicable to the order Julida. Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses using amino acid sequences deduced from the 12 mitochondrial protein-encoding genes (excluding ATP8) support the view that the three juliformian members are monophyletic (BI 100%; ML 100%), that Thyropygus (Spirostreptida) and Narceus (Spirobolida) are clustered together (BI 100%; ML 83%), and that Antrokoreana (Julida) is a sister of the two. However, due to conflict with previous reports using cladistic approaches based on morphological characteristics, further studies are needed to confirm the close relationship between Spirostreptida and Spirobolida.
Keywords
Antrokoreana gracilipes; Complete Mitochondrial Genome; Diplopoda; Gene Rearrangement; Julida; Juliformian Phylogeny;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
Times Cited By Web Of Science : 6  (Related Records In Web of Science)
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