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http://dx.doi.org/10.7858/eamj.2016.050

SIMPLE LOOPS ON 2-BRIDGE SPHERES IN HECKOID ORBIFOLDS FOR THE TRIVIAL KNOT  

Lee, Donghi (Department of Mathematics, Pusan National University)
Sakuma, Makoto (Department of Mathematics, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University)
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Abstract
In this paper, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for an essential simple loop on a 2-bridge sphere in an even Heckoid orbifold for the trivial knot to be null-homotopic, peripheral or torsion in the orbifold. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition for two essential simple loops on a 2-bridge sphere in an even Heckoid orbifold for the trivial knot to be homotopic in the orbifold.
Keywords
2-bridge link group; even Heckoid group; Hecke group; van Kampen diagram; annular diagram;
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