Review of the Nomenclature of the Retaining Ligaments of the Cheek: Frequently Confused Terminology |
Seo, Yeui Seok
(Area88 Plastic Surgery Clinic)
Song, Jennifer Kim (VIVA Plastic Surgery Clinic) Oh, Tae Suk (Department of Plastic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine) Kwon, Seong Ihl (IDEA Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Clinic) Tansatit, Tanvaa (The Chula Soft Cadaver Surgical Training Center and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital) Lee, Joo Heon (Area88 Plastic Surgery Clinic) |
1 | McGregor M. Face lift techniques. Proceedings of the 1st Annual Meeting of the California Society of Plastic Surgeons; 1959; Yosemite, CA. |
2 | Furnas DW. The retaining ligaments of the cheek. Plast Reconstr Surg 1989;83:11-6. DOI |
3 | Ozdemir R, Kilinc H, Unlu RE, et al. Anatomicohistologic study of the retaining ligaments of the face and use in face lift: retaining ligament correction and SMAS plication. Plast Reconstr Surg 2002;110:1134-49. |
4 | Stuzin JM, Baker TJ, Gordon HL. The relationship of the superficial and deep facial fascias: relevance to rhytidectomy and aging. Plast Reconstr Surg 1992;89:441-9. DOI |
5 | Mendelson BC. Extended sub-SMAS dissection and cheek elevation. Clin Plast Surg 1995;22:325-39. |
6 | Owsley JQ. Elevation of the malar fat pad superficial to the orbicularis oculi muscle for correction of prominent nasolabial folds. Clin Plast Surg 1995;22:279-93. |
7 | Stuzin JM, Baker TJ, Gordon HL, et al. Extended SMAS dissection as an approach to midface rejuvenation. Clin Plast Surg 1995;22:295-311. |
8 | Mendelson BC. SMAS fixation to the facial skeleton: rationale and results. Plast Reconstr Surg 1997;100:1834-42. DOI |
9 | Moss CJ, Mendelson BC, Taylor GI. Surgical anatomy of the ligamentous attachments in the temple and periorbital regions. Plast Reconstr Surg 2000;105:1475-90. |
10 | Kaye BL. The extended face-lift with ancillary procedures. Ann Plast Surg 1981;6:335-46. DOI |
11 | Mendelson BC, Muzaffar AR, Adams WP Jr. Surgical anatomy of the midcheek and malar mounds. Plast Reconstr Surg 2002;110:885-96. DOI |
12 | Ozdemir R, Kilinc H, Unlu RE, et al. Anatomicohistologic study of the retaining ligaments of the face and use in face lift: retaining ligament correction and SMAS plication. Plast Reconstr Surg 2002;110:1134-47. |
13 | Alghoul M, Bitik O, McBride J, et al. Relationship of the zygomatic facial nerve to the retaining ligaments of the face: the Sub-SMAS danger zone. Plast Reconstr Surg 2013;131: 245e-252e. DOI |
14 | Doumit G, Gharb BB, Rampazzo A, et al. Surgical anatomy relevant to the transpalpebral subperiosteal elevation of the midface. Aesthet Surg J 2015;35:353-8. DOI |
15 | Botti G. Midface and neck aesthetic plastic surgery. Vol 1. Parma: Acta Medica Edizioni; 2012. |
16 | Furnas DW. The superficial musculoaponeurotic plane and the retaining ligaments of the face. In: Psillakis JM, editor. Deep face-lifting techniques. New York: Thieme Medical 1994. p.221. |
17 | Furnas DW. Strategies for nasolabial levitation. Clin Plast Surg 1995;22:265-78. |
18 | Labbe D, Franco RG, Nicolas J. Platysma suspension and platysmaplasty during neck lift: anatomical study and analysis of 30 cases. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006;117:2001-7. DOI |
19 | Mendelson BC, Freeman ME, Wu W, et al. Surgical anatomy of the lower face: the premasseter space, the jowl, and the labiomandibular fold. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2008;32:185-95. DOI |
20 | Neligan P. Plastic surgery. Vol. 2. 3rd ed. NewYork: Saunders Elsevier; 2013. |
21 | Hwang K, Kim DH, Kim DJ, et al. Anatomy and tensile strength of the zygomatic ligament. J Craniofac Surg 2011; 22:1831-3. DOI |
22 | Fogli AL. Skin and platysma muscle anchoring. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2008;32:531-41. DOI |
23 | Hodgkinson DJ. Five-year experience with modified Fogli (Lore's fascia fixation) platysmaplasty. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2012;36:28-40. DOI |
24 | Lore JM. An Atlas of head and neck surgery. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1973. |
25 | Hwang K, Nam YS, Kim DJ, et al. Anatomy of tympanoparotid fascia relating to neck lift. J Craniofac Surg 2008;19: 648-51. DOI |
26 | Reece EM, Pessa JE, Rohrich RJ. The mandibular septum: anatomical observations of the jowls in aging-implications for facial rejuvenation. Plast Reconstr Surg 2008;121:1414-20. DOI |
27 | Mendelson BC. Surgery of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system: principles of release, vectors, and fixation. Plast Reconstr Surg 2002;109:824-5. DOI |
28 | Rossell-Perry P. The zygomatic ligament of the face: a critical review. OA Anat 2013;1:3. |
29 | O'Brien JX, Rozen WM, Whitaker IS, et al. Lore's fascia and the platysma-auricular ligament are distinct structures. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2012;65:e241-5. DOI |
30 | Alghoul M, Codner MA. Retaining ligaments of the face: review of anatomy and clinical applications. Aesthet Surg J 2013;33:769-82. DOI |
31 | Alghoul M, Codner MA. Retaining ligaments of the face. Proceedings of the Southeastern Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Annual Meeting; 2012 June 2-6; Amelia Island, FL. |
32 | Bae JH, Youn KH, Hu KS, et al. Clinical implications of the extension of platysmal fibers on the middle and lower face. Plast Reconstr Surg 2016;138:365-71. DOI |
33 | Upile T, Jerjes WK, Nouraei SA, et al. Further anatomical approaches to parotid surgery. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2010;267:793-800. DOI |
34 | Mendelon B. Facelift anatomy, SMAS retaining ligaments and facial spaces. In: Aston SJ, Steinbrech DS, Walden JL, editors. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. London: Saunders Elsevier; 2009. |
35 | Standring S. Gray's anatomy. 39th ed. Edinburgh: Elsevier; 2005. |
36 | Owsley J. Superficial musculoaponeurotic system platysma face lift. In: Dudley H CD, Russell R, editors. Operative Surgery. London: Butterworth; 1986. |
37 | Upile T, Jerjes WK, Nouraei SA, et al. Further anatomical approaches to parotid surgery. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2010;267:793-800. DOI |
38 | Bosse JP, Papillon J. Surgical anatomy of the SMAS at the malar region. In: Transactions of the 9th International Congress of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1987. p.348-9. |
39 | Hamra ST. Composite rhytidectomy. Plast Reconstr Surg 1992;90:1-13. DOI |
40 | Rohrich RJ, Pessa JE. The retaining system of the face: histologic evaluation of the septal boundaries of the subcutaneous fat compartments. Plast Reconstr Surg 2008;121:1804-9. DOI |
41 | Hamra ST. Building the Composite Face Lift: A Personal Odyssey. Plast Reconstr Surg 2016;138:85-96. DOI |
42 | Warren RJ, Aston SJ, Mendelson BC. Face lift. Plast Reconstr Surg 2011;128:747e-764e. DOI |