Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.14401/KASMED.2014.21.1.5

Relationship between Sleep Disturbances and Cognitive Impairments in Older Adults with Depression  

Lee, Hyuk Joo (Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital)
Lee, Jung Suk (Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital)
Kim, Tae (Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital)
Yoon, In-Young (Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital)
Publication Information
Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology / v.21, no.1, 2014 , pp. 5-13 More about this Journal
Abstract
Objectives: Depression, sleep complaints and cognitive impairments are commonly observed in the elderly. Elderly subjects with depressive symptoms have been found to show both poor cognitive performances and sleep disturbances. However, the relationship between sleep complaints and cognitive dysfunction in elderly depression is not clear. The aim of this study is to identify the association between sleep disturbances and cognitive decline in late-life depression. Methods: A total of 282 elderly people who underwent nocturnal polysomnography in a sleep laboratory were enrolled in the study. The Korean version of the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery developed by the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD-K) was applied to evaluate cognitive function. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the geriatric depression scale (GDS) and subjective sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI). Results: The control group ($GDS{\leq}9$) when compared with mild ($10{\leq}GDS{\leq}16$) and severe ($17{\leq}GDS$) depression groups, had significantly different scores in the Trail making test part B (TMT-B), Benton visual retention test part A (BVRT-A), and Stroop color and word test (SCWT)(all tests p<0.05). The PSQI score, REM sleep duration, apnea-hypopnea index and oxygen desaturation index were significantly different across the three groups (all indices, p<0.05). A stepwise multiple regression model showed that educational level, age and GDS score were predictive for both TMT-B time (adjusted $R^2$=35.6%, p<0.001) and BVRT-A score (adjusted $R^2$=28.3%, p<0.001). SCWT score was predicted by educational level, age, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and GDS score (adjusted $R^2$=20.6%, p<0.001). Poor sleep quality and sleep structure alterations observed in depression did not have any significant effects on cognitive deterioration. Conclusion: Older adults with depressive symptoms showed mild sleep alterations and poor cognitive performances. However, we found no association between sleep disturbances (except sleep apnea) and cognitive difficulties in elderly subjects with depressive symptoms. It is possible that the impact of sleep disruptions on cognitive abilities was hindered by the confounding effect of age, education and depressive symptoms.
Keywords
Late-life depression; Sleep disturbances; Cognitive impairments; Polysomnography;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Merlino G, Piani A, Gigli GL, Cancelli I, Rinaldi A, Baroselli A, et al. Daytime sleepiness is associated with dementia and cognitive decline in older Italian adults: a population-based study. Sleep Med 2010;11:372-377.   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Monk TH, Buysse DJ, Billy BD, Fletcher ME, Kennedy KS, Schlarb JE, et al. Circadian type and bed-timing regularity in 654 retired seniors: correlations with subjective sleep measures. Sleep 2011;34:235-239.   DOI
3 Naismith SL, Norrie L, Lewis SJ, Rogers NL, Scott EM, Hickie IB. Does sleep disturbance mediate neuropsychological functioning in older people with depression? J Affect Disord 2009;116:139-143.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Naismith SL, Rogers NL, Lewis SJ, Terpening Z, Ip T, Diamond K, et al. Sleep disturbance relates to neuropsychological functioning in late-life depression. J Affect Disord 2011;132:139-45.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Nakano Y, Baba H, Maeshima H, Kitajima A, Sakai Y, Baba K, et al. Executive dysfunction in medicated, remitted state of major depression. J Affect Disord 2008;111:46-51.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Newell J, Mairesse O, Verbanck P, Neu D. Is a one-night stay in the lab really enough to conclude? First-night effect and night-to-night variability in polysomnographic recordings among different clinical population samples. Psychiatry Res 2012;200:795-801.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Ozkurt S, Ozturk E, Yildiz AI, Dursunoglu N, Ozdel O, Akdag B, et al. Psychiatric evaluation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Tuberk Toraks 2013;61:216-220.   DOI
8 Palagini L, Baglioni C, Ciapparelli A, Gemignani A, Riemann D. REM sleep dysregulation in depression: state of the art. Sleep Med Rev 2013;17:377-390.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Park DC, Lautenschlager G, Hedden T, Davidson NS, Smith AD, Smith PK. Models of visuospatial and verbal memory across the adult life span. Psychol Aging 2002;17:299-320.   DOI
10 Hatfield CF, Herbert J, van Someren EJ, Hodges JR, Hastings MH. Disrupted daily activity/rest cycles in relation to daily cortisol rhythms of home-dwelling patients with early Alzheimer's dementia. Brain 2004;127:1061-1074.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Ismail Z, Fischer C, McCall WV. What characterizes late-life depression? Psychiatr Clin North Am 2013;36:483-496.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Ju G, Yoon IY, Lee SD, Kim TH, Choe JY, Kim KW. Effects of sleep apnea syndrome on delayed memory and executive function in elderly adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2012;60:1099-1103.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Kales A, Kales JD. Sleep disorders: recent finding in the diagnosis and treatment of disturbed sleep. N Engl J Med 1974;290:487-499.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Kim EJ, Jeong DU. Investigation of 'First-Night Effect' in Normal Young Adult Male Subjects on Polysomnography. Sleep Med Psychophysiol 1998;5:111-117.   과학기술학회마을
15 Kim L, Kang SG. Sleep physiology and common sleep disorders in the elderly. Sleep Med Psychophysiol 2007;14:5-12.   과학기술학회마을
16 Maglione JE, Ancoli-Israel S, Peters KW, Paudel ML, Yaffe K, Ensrud KE, et al. Depressive symptoms and subjective and objective sleep in community-dwelling older women. J Am Geriatr Soc 2012;60:635-643.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Anderson KN, Catt M, Collerton J, Davies K, von Zglinicki T, Kirkwood TB, et al. Assessment of sleep and circadian rhythm disorders in the very old: the Newcastle 85+ Cohort Study. Age Ageing 2014;43:57-63.   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Matousek M, Cervena K, Zavesicka L, Brunovsky M. Subjective and objective evaluation of alertness and sleep quality in depressed patients. BMC Psychiatry 2004;26:4-14.
19 Marazziti D, Consoli G, Picchetti M, Carlini M, Faravelli L. Cognitive impairment in major depression. Eur J Pharmacol 2010;626:83-86.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Meredith C, Eleanor MS, Daniel JF. The impact of insomnia on cognitive functioning in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001;49:1185-1189.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Baudic S, Tzortzis C, Barba GD, Traykov L. Executive deficits in elderly patients with major unipolar depression. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2004;17:195-201.   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Conradsson M, Rosendahl E, Littbrand H, Gustafson Y, Olofsson B, Lovheim H. Usefulness of the Geriatric Depression Scale 15-item version among very old people with and without cognitive impairment. Aging Ment Health 2013;17:638-645.   DOI
23 Edwards BA, O'Driscoll DM, Ali A, Jordan AS, Trinder J, Malhotra A. Aging and sleep: physiology and pathophysiology. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2010;31:618-633.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Elderkin-Thompson V, Moody T, Knowlton B, Hellemann G, Kumar A. Explicit and implicit memory in late-life depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2011;19:249-255.   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Fabiani M, Low KA, Wee E, Sable JJ, Gratton G. Reduced suppression or labile memory? Mechanisms of inefficient filtering of irrelevant information in older adults. J Cogn Neurosci 2006;18:637-650.   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Riemann D, Berger M, Voderholzer U. Sleep and depression--results from psychobiological studies: an overview. Biol Psychol 2001;57:67-103.   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Fernandez-Mendoza J, Calhoun S, Bixler EO, Pejovic S, Karataraki M, Liao D, et al. Insomnia with objective short sleep duration is associated with deficits in neuropsychological performance: a general population study. Sleep 2010;33:459-465.   DOI
28 Haimov I, Hanuka E, Horowitz Y. Chronic insomnia and cognitive functioning among older adults. Behav Sleep Med 2008;6:32-54.   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Han KH, Soh M, Ha JH, Ryu SH, Yu J, Park DH. The correlation between severity of sleep apnea, sleep and mood related scales, and activity during sleep in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients. Sleep Med Psychophysiol 2011;18:76-81.   과학기술학회마을
30 Sheline YI, Barch DM, Garcia K, Gersing K, Pieper C, Welsh-Bohmer K, et al. Cognitive function in late life depression: relationships to depression severity, cerebrovascular risk factors and processing speed. Biol Psychiatry 2006;60:58-65.   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Sivertsen B, Hysing M, Wehling E, Pallesen S, Nordhus IH, Espeseth T, et al. Neuropsychological performance in older insomniacs. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn 2013;20:34-48.   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Sutter C, Zollig J, Allemand M, Martin M. Sleep quality and cognitive function in healthy old age: the moderating role of subclinical depression. Neuropsychology 2012;26:768-775.   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Weiland-Fiedler P, Erickson K, Waldeck T, Luckenbaugh DA, Pike D, Bonne O, et al. Evidence for continuing neuropsychological impairments in depression. J Affect Disord 2004;82:253-258.   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Paudel ML, Taylor BC, Diem SJ, Stone KL, Ancoli-Israel S, Redline S, et al. Association between depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances in community-dwelling older men. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008;56:1228-1235.   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Yao KW, Yu S, Cheng SP, Chen IJ. Relationships between personal, depression and social network factors and sleep quality in community-dwelling older adults. J Nurs Res 2008;16:131-139.   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Yoon HK, Kang SG, Ham BJ, Lee HJ, Kwon HI, Suh KY, et al. Effects of stress and personality characteristics on sleep. Sleep Med Psychophysiol 2003;10:32-38.   과학기술학회마을
37 Park JH, Yoo MS, Bae SH. Prevalence and predictors of poor sleep quality in Korean older adults. Int J Nurs Pract 2013;19:116-123.   DOI   ScienceOn
38 Ancoli-Israel S. Sleep and its disorders in ageing populations. Sleep Med 2009;10:7-11.   DOI   ScienceOn
39 Kim JY, Park JH, Lee JJ, Huh Y, Lee SB, Han SK, et al. Standardization of the korean version of the geriatric depression scale: reliability, validity, and factor structure. Psychiatry Investig 2008;5:232-238.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
40 Ohayon MM, Carskadon MA, Guilleminault C, Vitiello MV. Meta-analysis of quantitative sleep parameters from childhood to old age in healthy individuals: developing normative sleep values across the human lifespan. Sleep 2004;27:1255-1273.
41 Foley DJ, Monjan AA, Brown SL, Simonsick EM, Wallace RB, Blazer DG. Sleep complaints among elderly persons: an epidemiologic study of three communities. Sleep 1995;18:425-432.   DOI