Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.15188/kjopp.2021.12.35.6.249

Study on the Concentration of Carbon Monoxide in Exhaled Breath for Smokers  

Kim, Yunyoung (Department of Nursing, Andong National University)
Koo, Jin Suk (Division of Horticulture & Medicinal Plant, Andong National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine / v.35, no.6, 2021 , pp. 249-254 More about this Journal
Abstract
The aim of this study was to raise awareness about smoking and to facilitate the induction of smoking cessation. The participants were 49 patients who showed intention to participate in the test. The participants who had done a questionnaire, were asked to quit smoking for about an hour. After taking the breath deeply, they stopped for 20 seconds and measured breathing slowly. Carbon monoxide in the exhalation was higher when the daily smoking amount was higher and the smoking duration was longer, but not significant. In the case of smoking after meal and smoking in bed in the morning, the carbon monoxide level was significantly higher than that in the case of not smoking. It was significantly associated with skin allergic symptoms. The usual exercise habits, drinking and the respiratory disease were not correlated with carbon monoxide levels.
Keywords
Smoking; Carbon Monoxide; Smoking Habit;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Lim HJ, Moon SI, Lee WH, Jang HJ, Seo JH, Jung KS. The Acupuncture Effect on Juvenile Smoking. J of Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustuion Society. 2006;23(1):53-62.
2 Hwang DY. Daeyeog Jeungmaegbang-Yaghabpyeon. Seoul: Namsandang. 1986:198.
3 Choi HL. Smoking Cessation Program. Kor J Family Med. 1993;14(6):396-405.
4 Choi EJ. Regulations on New Tobacco Products. Health and Welfare Forum. 2017;254:82-94.
5 Smoking Population. 2020 May 17. Available from: https://www.mk.co.kr/news/economy/view/2017/06/379078/
6 Park GC. The Smoking Habits among the OPD Patients and The Success Rates of the Physician's Cessation Order. Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases. 1993;40(3):292-300.
7 Ministry of Health and Welfare. The 5th Anniversary of Ratification of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. 2010.
8 Paek YJ, Choi JG, Lee ES, Jo MW. Smoking Cessation Services Provided by the National Health Insurance Service. J Korean Med Assoc. 2018;61(3):157-62.   DOI
9 Jung GJ, Yun DY, Baek SJ, Jee SH, Kim IS. Smoking-Attributable Mortality among Korean Adult, 2012. J of the Korea Society of Health Informatics and Statistics. 2013;38(2):36-48.
10 Yoon DH, Park HJ, Kim ST, Jin SH, Lee HJ, Lim Sabina. The Association of Genetic Polymorphism between Responder and Nonresponder to Acupuncture in Smoking Cessation. The Korean J of Meridian & Acupoint. 2004:21(1):41-50.
11 Kim MS, Lee JH, Cho HS, Park YJ, Lee EY. Clinical Research on Effect by the Technique of Quit-Smoking Acupuncture Therapy. J of Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustuion Society. 2002;19(4):27-41.
12 Lee KM, Seo JC, Han SW, Jung TY, Lee EJ, Baek JH, Park CS, Byun JS. A Clinical Observation of the Responder vs. the Non-Responder to the Auricular Acupuncture Treatment for Stop-Smoking. J of East-West Medicines. 2002;27(4):75-83.
13 Choi DY. Acupuncture for Stop Smoking. K.H.M. 1997;13(4):322-7.
14 Nam SS. The Comparative Analysis of the Acupuncture Therapy for Smoking Cessation Based on Sasang Constitution. J Acupuncture Research. 1996;13(2):104-16.
15 Smoking Rate Index. 2020 May 17. Available from: http://index.go.kr/potal/stts/idxMain/selectPoSttsIdxMainPrint.do?idx_cd=4038&board_cd=INDX_001.
16 Lerman C, Orleans CT, Engstrom PF. Biologicalmarkers in Smoking Cessation Treatment. Seminar in Oncology. 1993;20:359-67.
17 Im BG, Kim SW, Kang JH, Yang YJ. Smoking Status and Expired Carbon Monoxide Concentration. J Korean Acad Fam Med. 2001;22(5):674-82.
18 Patrick DL, Cheadle A, Thompson DC, Diehr P, Koepsell T, Kinne S. The Validity of Self-Reported smoking: A Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Public Health. 1994;84(7):1086-93.   DOI
19 Lee KJ. Smoking and Occupation. Occupational Health. 1992;46:54.
20 Ha YM, Park KS, Choi HO, Yang SK. Self-efficacy and Preparation of Smoking Cessation in Service and Sales Woman Smokers Working in Department Stores. Kor. J of Occupational Health Nursing. 2016;25(3):158-76.
21 Doll R, Hill AB. Smoking and Aarcinoma of the Lung; Preliminary Report, Br Med J .1950;2:739-48.   DOI
22 WHO Expert Committee. Smoking Control Strategies in Developing Contries, Geneva : World Health Organization Technical Report Series 695. 1983:1-92.
23 Wynder EL, Graham EA. Tobacco Smoking as a Possible Etiologic Factor in Bronchiogenic Carcinoma. A Study of 684 Proved Cases. J Am Med Assoc 9150;143(4):329-36.   DOI
24 Holbrook JH. Nicotine Addiction. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 14th ed. McGraw-Hill. 1998:2516-9.
25 Kim SG. Smoking and Lung Cancer. Tuberc Respir Dis. 1987;34(2):128-34.   DOI
26 Boldo, E., Medina, S., Oberg, M., Puklova,V., Mekel, O., Patja, K., et al. Health Impact Assessmentof Environmental Tobacco Smokein European Children: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Asthma Episodes. Public Health Reports. 2010;125(3):478-87.   DOI
27 Park SY, Ahn SW. The Effect of Tabacco and Curing Poison of It in Classical Literature. Korean J of Oriental Medicine. 2007;13(3):21-7.
28 Prockop LD, Chichkova RI. Carbon Monoxide Intoxication: An Updated Review. J Neurol Sci. 2007;262(1-2):122-30   DOI
29 Weaver LK. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1217-25.   DOI
30 Jarvis MJ, Russell MA, Saloojee Y. Expired Air-carbon Monoxide: A Simple Breath Test of Tobacco Smoke Intake. British Medical J. 1980;281:484-5.   DOI
31 Cancer occurrence and death status. 2020 .May 17. Available from: http://www.index.go.kr/potal/stts/idxMain/selectPoSttsIdxMainPrint.do?idx_cd=2770&board_cd=INDX_001.
32 Becona E, Vazquez FL. Self-Reported Smoking And Measurement of Expired Air Carbon Monoxide in a Clinical Treatment. Psychological Reports. 1998;83:316-8.   DOI
33 Grabowski IJ, Bell CS. Measurement in the Analysis and Treatment of Smoking Behavior. National Institute of Drug Abuse. 1983:6-26.
34 Midgette AS, Baron JA, Rohan TE. Do Cigarette Smokers have Diets that Increase their Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Cancer? Am J of Epidemiol. 1993;137(5):521-9.   DOI
35 Schoenbrn CA, Benson V. Relationships between Smoking and other Unhealth Habits: United States, 1985. Adv Data Vital Health Stat. 1998.
36 Jung MH. The Pharmacology of Tobacco Smoking. J Kor Med Sci. 1987;30(8):825-30.
37 Tobacco. 2020 May 17. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco.
38 Choi MG. Chang MS. A Comparison of Lifestyle, Health, Facial Skin Care & Conditions According to Smoking Habits. J of the Korean Society of Cosmetology. 2012;18(5):1166-81.
39 Kim IS. Smoking and Health. J Kor Med Sci. 1987;30(8):825-30.
40 Lim BK, Kim SW, Kang JH, Yang YJ. Smoking Status and Expired Carbon Monoxide Concentration. Kor J Family Med. 2001;22(5):674-82.
41 Dlesges RC, Esk LH, Isbell TR, Fuliton W, Hanson CL. Smoking Status: Effect on the Dietary Intake, Physical Activity and Body Fat of Adult Men. The American J of Clinical Nutrition. 1990;51(5):784-93.   DOI
42 Jarvis MJ, Belcher M, Vesey C, Hutchison DC. Low Cost Carbon Monoxide Monitors in Smoking Assessment. Thorax. 1986;41(11):886-7.   DOI
43 Cho KS. Prevalence of Hardcore Smoking and Its Associated Factors in Korea. Health and Social Welfare Review. 2013;33(1):603-28.   DOI
44 Park JJ. A Study on the Relationship between Lifestyle and Health Status of Smoking and Drinking in the Elderly. The Korean J of Sport. 2017;15(1):417-28.   DOI
45 Boyd AS. et al. Cigarette smoking-associated Elastotic Changes in the Skin. J of the American Academy of Dermatology. 1999;41(1):23-6.   DOI